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o5 ‘ HA i. ;
GY./Y
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’)
CONDUCTED BY
ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
AND
WILLIAM FRANCIS, sun., F.1S.
wr ~~
VOL. Lv. —SEVENTH | SERIES . oy <a Insti tung,
at { 3 BO Bh \ * Metional mused Yt LONDON: -—
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.
SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALE, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD.; WHITTAKER AND CO.: BAILLIERE, PARIS: MACLACHLAN AND STEWART, EDINBURGH : HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN: AND ASHER, BERLIN,
1899.
“Omnes res create sunt divine sapientie et potentix testes, divitiz felicitatis humans :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex ceconomia in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis
elucet.
Farum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata ;
4 veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris de inimica fuit.”—Linnaos.
“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,
1767.
se eee ee ew we © ~~ The sylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,
(}
CONTENTS OF VOL,.. IV.
[SEVENTH SERIES. ]
NUMBER XIX.
Page
I. On new Species of Histeride, and Notices of others. By Be UNV ES MEMS ae isis opis» geaahd ooo 4 aE F<. ove A orale a ahorg lave oocsemahs ale
II. Rhynchotal Notes.—Heteroptera: Scutellerine and Grapho- BENITA ae ELVEN A AUTRE AIUD er nye: Sedu 0) © 9 oetey gd cach ahh tal «) tr ahallexs) vies tomas
III. Description of a new Genus and some new Species of Fos- sorial Hymenoptera from the Oriental Zoological Region. By
oes (UAE RONG stanton, Stra evoke IEE Mae bos hepe have. S A blaw mele eonsouile
IV. The Larval Stage of Hypoderma bovis. By P. Koorrvaar, Veterinary Surgeon to the Amsterdam Public Abattoir ..........
New Book :—The Penycuik Experiments. By J.C. Ewart, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Natural History, University of
JUG HIDT oreo ee Cnn arin Aen mcmiOU eR oe aiD nrc jen 6
On Ecdysis in Insects, considered as a means of Defence against Animal or Vegetable Parasites.—Special Roles of the Tracheal and Intestinal Ecdyses, by J. Kiinckel d’Herculais ..........
NUMBER XxX.
V. Notes on the Mollusca of the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman, mostly dredged by Mr, F. W. Townsend, with Descriptions of Twenty-seven Species. By JAMus Cosmo MELVILL,
(OAS Gel Be HR LCT OSSMMY GS] CLS oi lag As 6 OO a ae erica Pua ea we ae
VI. Observations on the Classification of Birds. By Dr. R. W. Surana laTeteIie ea retetn cel ae ace e's. ce Viel ata vate vies eae RAC CER ke heck
29
69
74
78
101
iv CONTENTS.
VII. Some apparently undescribed Neotropical Homoptera. By Reis POS TAIT Ma). 5's ce te eee iye ha els ce) rin'y 60.04 ws nyvie 5 imlevanelaNatetelG teams 112
VIII. On some South-African Homoptera. By W.L. Distant... 118
IX. The Regeneration of Limbs in the Mantide, and the constant Occurrence of a ‘I'etramerous Tarsus in Limbs regenerated after Self-mutilation among the Orthoptera pentamera. By Epmonp GO HDAGE So). citi ste proved owe « Sts sie offs wee» ne sence wete Sool 115
X. On the Rutelid Beetles of the Transvaal; an Enumeration of a Collection made by Mr. W. L. Distant. By Girpert J. Arrow, ree ale wisi fa ui o bo vigils ws on ale is .atd Gua el oe 118
XI. On Hymenochirus, a new Type of Aglossal Batrachians. By eA ROULENGER, ERS... «osc ovis ab cie-sis pict ammonia eae aie 122
XII. Description of a new Genus of Gobioid Fishes from the Andes of Ecuador. -By-G:.A. Bounmnemp, FURS. ..c.2e2.2...2 see econ 125
XIII. Revision of British Mollusca. By the Rey. Canon A. M. Normay, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.RS., &e.
New Books :—Insects, their Structure and Life. A Primer of Ento- mology. By Grorcr H. CARPENTER, B.Sc. Lond.—Cries and Call-notes of Birds: with Musical Illustrations. By C. A. WIrcHELL
Parthenogenesis, by Thomas Meehan; Relations of the Land- Molluscan Fauna of South America, by H. A. Pilsbry.... 154, 156
NUMBER XXI.
XIV. Key to the Iscpods of the Pacific Coast of North America, with Descriptions of Twenty-two new Species. By Harriet RICHARDSON ...... ic attecnle CRG Anant staia wile aie ace sts ee nee 157
XV. Observations on some Species of Coccide of the Genus Cero- plastes in the Collection of the British Museum, By E, Ernest Grou, EHS. (Plate TV.) ccs en oh eee <0 eas on, LSS
XVI. Further Contribution towards a Check-list of the non- Marine Molluscan Fauna of South Africa, with Descriptions of Fourteen new Species. By James Cosmo Metviit, M.A., F.LS, and Joun Henry PonsonsBy. (Plate TIT.) ...........cceeecens 192
XVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera. By PnnserT Davcn, LS ke. ic. 0ek eee | oe ieee vaia eeu
CONTENTS. MV
XVIII. Revision of Amphipoda (continued). By the Rev. Tuomas PPE y OU MUMENG. MIAME ESC ~ a. yuklds cee vr ueuee ets Caeen tees 205
XIX. On the Giraffe of Somaliland. By W. E. pz Winton.... 211
XX. Rhynchotal Notes.— Heteroptera: Plataspine, Thyreocorine, Pin yee SEY WN a) Li. DISBAND coo5. 55s 2 oi avisie Thc siscae waecces s 213
XXI. Descriptions of Two new Homaloptervid Fishes from imemmoo. by G. Ay BOULENGHR SE. ES. s 6. casas. ch wes ef otee wales 228
XXII. On the Occurrence of Gobius capito on the Coast of ipriicany.» by G.wA. BouULENG@R) PUBS. a... 8d. evened oa ees wae 229
XXIII. On the Classification of Ciliate Infusoria. By Dr. V. IETS ily GRR tease ORS Rc AEDS ERS oe SLR: oes EREDAR RE aI 230
New Books:—A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera. A Textbook for Students and Collectors. By J. W. Tort, F.E.S. Vol. L—AIl about Birds. By W. Perctvan WmsTELL .. 233, 254
The Poisons given off by Parasitic Worms in Man and Animals,
Bayer Eli, POMEL w nyere.« legals. Cont cninte: seal tease) La'e wath, voto 658 30 NUMBER XXII. | XXIV. Natural History Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ‘Investigator, Commander T. H. Heming, R.N. — Series IIL, No. 1. On Mollusca from the Bay of Bengal and the ATHoA 968. by BDGAR AWSMITH 0. vais sce. vied ca Les dead we 237 XXV. Notes on the Forficularia. By Maucotm Burr, F.ZS., Rete rie Serevent Xe @ PS Nie Tee Ring Cale gfe tye ia chy abte. ots 252 XXYVI. Key to the Isopods of the Pacific Coast of North America, with Descriptions of Twenty-two new Species. By Harrier Foe MAR OBON Chih sce haut oetab ihn gs tat aed hed e sd kha oeeh eres 260 XXVII. Descriptions of new Neotropical Mammals. By OLpFIELD MRS laterals oa N.atnies a Mois Beilthe tee LAE on sarod cB Oo Ree a 278 XXVIII. Notes on Montagu’s Hunting-ground, Salcombe Bay. By the Rey. Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D, F.RS., Rec nr late: V fies. pala) kite. scars sWoponieh's Geile ates sat 288
XXIX. Jeropsis Dolifusi, a new Mediterranean Isopod. By the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. F.R.S., &. (Plate V. figs. 2-8.)
vl CONTENTS.
Page XXX. On Myodes lemmus crassidens, var. nov. foss., from Por- pupal..: By Professor 2A | NRERING: 305..'2:2%-4 10 je a de As aise een 292 XXXT. On Thylacomys, Owen. By T.S. PALMER ............ 300 XXXII. Notes on the Orthopterous Genus Phyllophora. By Bcc Krnpy, 1S iB boss (Plate Vi.)ier Gi aroca +m. bee 302 New Book :—Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Prestwich, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. Written and Edited by his Wife .............. 312 Researches upon the Defensive Glands of Bombardier Beetles, by AE BETO G EK foie vale in. ape Gate estas Sia MOORE Gute i 315
NUMBER XXIII.
XXXII. Additional Notes on some Type Specimens of Cretaceous Fishes from Mount Lebanon in the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art. By A. Smire-Woopwannb, F.L8)) oi. feo.- 0... sane 317
XXXIV. Key to the Isopods of the Pacific Coast of North America, with Descriptions of Twenty-two new Species. By
PAR Hine GLCHARNSON: tices wya4e so iennee eles ae «oem 521 XXXV. Phoca caspica and Phoca grenlandica. By Prof. F. A.
PMMIOTSU RS cect cons ecyiuin: nian GMAT cca oier do aeke ia k's 5 areas eee 309 XXXVI. Descriptions of new Species of the Genus Lycenesthes.
by a. GC, Bore, PHD... ota see cabase els Sus oa een 341
XXXVII. On a Collection of Mantide from the Transvaal &ce. formed by Mr. W.L. Distant. By W. F. Krrsy, F.L.S., F.ELS., &e. 344
XXXVIIT. On Mammals collected by Lieut.-Culonel W. Giffard in the Northern Territory of the Gold Coast. By W.E. pr Winton. 353
XXXIX. Some apparently undescribed Species of Heterocera from
the: Transvaal, —By W.. Li DISTANT. sakes s f+ <class OR ee 309 XL. Notes on the Classification of the Cvoleopterous Family ihutehde. By Gitpuntd. ARRow, EVES: v2.0. <. issceeoemen 363
XLI. Descriptions of Two new Species of Shells from Japan. By (GAD SOWEBEN, ELIS. 4 lacs cesses es be oe yacte ca aeas 6s ene 370
XLII. On Butterflies collected between Chinde and Mandala, British Central Africa, by Edward M. de Jersey, Esqy., in March and
April, 1899, By A.G. Burimr, Ph.D., F.LS., F.Z.5:, &e. .i000n 372 XLIII. Deseriptions of new Rodents from the Orinoco and Keuador. By Orormiy THOMAS, (c2a... >.<: as == s/s eee 378
XLIV. Note on the Beech-Marten and Badger of Crete. By Gch. BARR ETT-HAML TON) c4 site fete vaso © er 383
XLV. On a new Species of Tamas from Eastern Siberia. By LE BONOTE. Saris Se AE eho uae, avekeaene fete sue ane) a ighel nit Coleone 385
CONTENTS.
Pave
XLVI. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.— VIII. The New Mexico Bees of the Genus Bombus. By ED) A. CocKERELL and Witmatrr Porter
JG WIA UO AC OMIONC CR CoC SOR DRCy Ce yet Ce CAI
New Book :—The Geography of Mammals. By W. L. Scrater, M.A., F.Z.S., and P. L. Scrater, M.A., Pi, Res:
On the Histology of the Alimentary Canal in the Larva of Chirono- mus plumosus, by P. Vignon
BESS Sih ae oie Beh 6 )Le ee o te pmL et elie i's e..6 16! aj fete w bie) eh 6
NUMBER XXIV.
XLVITI. On some Land-Mollusks from Java, with Description of a new Species. By Watrer E, Coutinas, F.Z.S., Mason Uni- versity College, Birmingham. (Plates VII. & VAIL.)
XLVIII. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.— VII. Observations on Bees, with Descriptions of new Genera and Species, By T. D. A. CockerEett and WitMATrE PoRTER
rr ry
eee eee
XLIX. Rhynchotal Notes.—III. Heteroptera : Discocephaline and Pentatomine (part.). By W. L. Distant
Ce ee ee Ye
L. A Contribution to the History of the Carboniferous Ganoid, Benedenius dencensis, Traquair, with Notes on Two newly-discovered Specimens. By G. A. BouLenanr, F.R.S. (Plates IX. & X.)....
LI. Descriptions of Three new Reptiles and a new Batrachian from Mount Kina Balu, North Borneo. By G. A. BouLenceEr, F.R.S
LII. Descriptions of new Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Mr. P. O, Simons in the Andes of Ecuador. By G. A. BouLeNnGEr, LE US shits wn Misia Ree atin aio C07) amen ES ede
LIT. New Species of Cladophyllia, Prionastrea, and Stylina. By Pe OEnKGonY, Dice, PGS.” ioe, -. ch a eee he ee
LIV. Description of Conus (Cylinder) clytospira, sp. n., from the Arabian Sea. By Jamus Cosmo MeExvitt, M.A., F.LS., and RoBERT STANDEN
New Books:—The History of the European Fauna. By R. F. Scuarrr, B.Sc., Ph.D, Keeper of the Natural History Col- lections, Science and Art Museum, Dublin.—On Buds and
Stipules. By the Right Hon. Sir Joun LusBgocx, Bart., M.P., EES. DO. BEY icin Spaeietntthots Sater ae aie ae Grats 463,
Proceedings of the Geological Society ..............4... »+». 466,
MNGWOXS tas ey: ee iss
Oe ee) eles es 6 6 « CACC ICSE ET TASC CRC UCI oD ar YC! 4}
397
445
454
457
461
464 467
468
PLATES IN VOL. IV.
PuaTE I. | New Mollusca. JOBE IV. Ceroplastes africanus and C. ceriferus. V. Pereionotus testudo and Jeeropsis Dollfusi. VI. Species of Phyllophora.
Vu. Land-Mollusks from Java. VIII.
ae Benedenius deneensis.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[SEVENTH SERIES. }
sete acencacensceeise per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circtim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dex pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”’
N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Bel. 1,
No. 19. JULY 1899.
I.—On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others. By G. Lewis, F.L.S.
THE present paper is the sixteenth of a series on the Histeride published in this Magazine, and contains descriptions of twenty-eight new species, with notices of others which an increasing knowledge of the family renders desirable.
To show some important characters of certain Saprini I give first an outline of the prosternal keels and tibia of Saprinus cruciatus, F. (fig. 1), S. maculatus, Rossi (fig. 2), and S. nttidulus, Payk. (fig. 3), and for comparison figures of the same parts of two species of Gnathoncus. Fig. 4 represents G‘. rotundatus, Kugel, fig. 5 G. nannetensis, Mars., and of the first an outline of the mandible is also given. Figs. 6 and 7 show the corresponding details in Hypocaccus 4-striatus, Hoffm., and rugifrons, Payk., respectively ; and fig. 8 exhibits the form of the keel, anterior tibie, and man- dible of Pachylopus maritimus, Steph. The side views given of the keels show that those of S. maculatus and cruciatus continue anteriorly on the same plane as the base, and the other large species, such as S. semipunctatus, F., rasselas, Mars., splendidus, Payk., and viridanus, Lew., are formed
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. iv. 1
4 Mr. G. Lewis on Figs. 1-8.
Saprinus cruciatus, F. Saprinus maculatus, Rossi.
4
—
7 = Saprinus nitidulus, Payk. Gnathoncus rotundatus, Kugel. 5 Gnathoncus nannetensis, Mars. Hypocaceus 4-striatus, Hoffm,
8
Hypocaceus rugifrons, Payk. Pachylopus maritimus, Steph.
new Species of Uisteride. 3
in the same way; but in Hypocaccus the keel is depressed anteriorly, and in Pachylopus the depression is much more marked, as shown in fig. 8. In Pachylopus and Hypocaccus there is another character in common to all the species, the anterior tibial denticulations are more or less diaphanous at the tips (fig. 8) ; but the principal character which separates these genera from Saprinus is the transverse head and frontal carina.
Thomson founded the genus Hypocaccus in 1867 (Skand. Col. ix. p. 400), taking as the type Saprinus 4-striatus, Hoffm. His generic characters are :—
“ Frons antice linea transversa elevata a clypeo discreta. Man- dibulze angulo inferiore dorsali elevato-marginato. Labrum apice truncatum. ‘Tibiz posteriores spinis validis inter denticulos im- mixtis, antice calcari vix discreto. LElytra apice immarginata, stria marginali discreta, vix in epipleuris sita. Prosterni line longitudinales antrorsum conniventes, approximate, postice subito divergentes.”
Thomson’s genus is a natural one, and the species he assigns to it agree rather with Pachylopus than with either Saprinus or Gnathoncus. But Thomson’s generic character “ elytra apice immarginata”’ must be modified to admit Saprinus apricarius, Kr., S. consputus, Mars., and others into the genus, in which the sutural stria is continued along the apical margin. By doing this about forty species may be conve- niently placed in Hypocaccus. I believe that Saprinus macu- latus, semipunctatus, splendens, and others seek their food in carrion and vegetal refuse, and live more or less on the surface of the ground, and in these the prosternum has a flat keel ; while the species of Pachylopus and Hypocaccus burrow in the sand to the depth of some inches, and the shape of the keel, sharpened off anteriorly, must greatly facilitate this action.
The Saprini may soon require revision; but I think the best lineal arrangement of the genera now recognized is as follows :—Saprinus, type nitidulus, Payk.; Cheliowenus, type xerobates, Hubb.; Gunathoncus, type rotundatus, Kugel ; Saprinodes, type falcifer, Lew.; Puchylopus, type dispar, Hr. ; Hypocaccus, type 4-striatus, Hoffm. ; Xenonychus, type tridens, Jacq. Duv. ; and Myrmetes piceus, Payk.
Through the kindness of Mr. A. M. Lea I have received a series of Australian species; some of these are from the duplicates of the Macleay Museum and others are from Mr. Lea’s own collection. When any reference to these is made in the text it is followed by anumber which corresponds to one in Mr. Lea’s “ Note-book.’’»
1#
4 Mr. G. Lewis on
List of Species.
Phylloma angulare. Hister striola, Sahlb. Hololepta Mastersi, Macleay. sessilis.
levigata, Guér. Carcinops prasinus. Apobletes solutus. Stictotix Lez.
mundus. —— frontalis, Macleay. —— almeide. Paromalus niponensis, Platysoma satzume. mendicus, Lew. —— latimarginatum, Tribalus Lez. —— bipunctatum. —— tropicus, Lew. Phelister nigropunctatus. Saprinus viridanus. Pachycrerus czruleatus. inversus.
pullus, Gerst. Saprinodes falcifer, Lew. Chalcurgus brevipennis, Lew. Hypocaccus ainu.
Omalodes tuberosus. rufipes, Payk.
Campylorhabdus singularis, Sch. rubricilliz.
Hister nigrita, Fr. rubricatus.
—— saginatus. Trypeticus meridianus. colonicus. Pygoccelis usambicus, Kolbe.
—— tinctus. Teretriosoma latirostre.
—— striatipectus. Epiechinus tasmani.
—— crenatifrons.
Phylloma angulare, sp. n.
Oblongum, subconvexum, nigrum, nitidum ; fronte leviter impressa ; mandibulis extus angulatis, intus dentatis; elytris 2-striatis, striis perspicuis sed brevibus, haud appendiculatis; propygidio conspicue bifoveolato, parce circumpunctato ; pygidio dense punctato, cum margine postice levi.
L. 74 mill. (absque mandibulis).
Oblong, rather narrow, little convex, black and shining; the head slightly impressed anteriorly, with two short faint strie, seen only in certain lights, very feebly punctulate in the region of the impression; mandibles obtusely but con- spicuously angulate on the middle of the outer edge, inner edges each with a single tooth; the thorax transverse, lateral marginal stria feebly sinuous before the basal angle, basal edge scarcely sinuous; the elytra, lateral fossa rather short and abbreviated at the base and posteriorly continued as a fine stria nearly to the apical angle, the first stria is well marked and as long asa fourth part of the elytron, the second is similar in distinctness but shorter, there is no appendage ; the propygidium is conspicuously bifoveolate posteriorly and encircled by punctures, punctures most marked within the foveee; the pygidium densely punctate, with the posterior margin smooth; the prosternum is obtusely angulate behind and widens out anteriorly to an angle behind the cox, and from the angle it narrows again to a point beyond the coxe ;
new Species of Histerides. 5
the mesosternum is widely sinuous behind the prosternal keel, and on each side it is distinctly angulate, the angles are striate at the edge and within the striz on either side is a small depression or shallow fovea ; the anterior tibiz are 4-dentate, 2 apical teeth are obtuse and close together and have a common base.
The oblong rather narrow outline of this species and the form of the mandibles distinguish it from the ten other species assigned to Phylloma.
Hab. Rio Dogua, Colombia (W. F. H. Rosenberg). One example.
Hololepta Mastersi, Macleay. Palas Mastersi, Macleay, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii. p. 157 (1871).
I formerly considered (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, xi. p. 418, 1893) that this species was identical with H. szd- nensis, Mars., 1860; but having lately received examples of both sexes from Mr. A. M. Lea, I find this is an error. Both species are of the same size and closely similar, but in Hi. Mastersi the male has a carina on the mentum, the thorax is impunctate, and the marginal thoracic stria is much less conspicuous in both sexes.
Hololepta levigata, Guér.
Hololepta levigata, Guér. Voy. Bélanger, Zool. p. 482, t. ii. fig. 4 (1884).
This species is entered in the Munich Catalogue as a species of Plasius, but it is a Hololepta, and a reference to Plesius levigatus, Mars., is placed after it as though it were the same insect. I think H. levigata, Guér., is the same species as Hololepta procera, Hir., also described in 1834. I transcribe Guérin’s diagnosis, which agrees with Hrichson’s species in belonging to a Hololeptu with a frontal tubercle. Hololepta procera, Hr., was found by M. Mouhot in Siam, and it may therefore occur in Coromandel. It is common in Java and Sumatra, and perhaps M. Bélanger made an error in recording the locality.
Guérin’s diagnosis is :—
“ H, nigra, nitida; corpore depresso, plano, oblongo, capite levi- gato, tuberculato ; mandibulis validis, inermibus, capite longi- oribus ; thorace levigato, transverso, antice profunde emarginato ; elytris thorace longioribus, lateribus marginatis, levigatis, linea abbreviata humerali; abdomine vage punctato; tibiis anticis extus tridentatis, intus basi unidentatis.
“T., 15 mill., lat..7 mill.”
Hab. Coromandel (Lélanger).
6 Mr. G. Lewis on
Apobletes solutus, sp. n.
Oblongo-ovalis, depressiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte concava, stria integra antice tenuiter impressa; pronoto lateribus punctato,
- stria laterali pone oculos minute interrupta; elytris striis 1-3
— integris, 4 et 5 apicalibus; propygidio pygidioque punctatis ; mesosterno late sinuato, marginato ; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.
L. 32 mill,
Oblong-oval, rather depressed, black, shining ; the head, forehead concave, surface finely not thickly punctulate, stria complete, transverse portion rather fine, but it is deep over the eyes, before the eyes the edge is prominent and in front of the projection the edge is bisinuous; the thorax, lateral stria rather strong and close to the edge, and it is disconnected behind the eye with the stria behind the neck, which is straight and crenulate on either side ; the sides of the thorax have a band of scattered punctures ; the elytra, strie, there is a very fine oblique humeral close to the base of the first stria, 1-3 complete and all turn feebly inwards at the base, 4 apical and not quite a third of the elytral length, 5 indicated by two or three punctures, sutural wanting; the propygidium with two rather large shallow fovex on either side behind, mode- rately punctured, punctures most conspicuous in the fovee ; the pygidium somewhat similarly punctured and very feebly impressed on either side; the prosternum, anterior lobe micro- scopically strigose, the strigosities ending at the suture, and there are a few punctures scattered over the surface, the keel gradually shelves off at the sides and the want of sculpture on it is conspicuous as compared with the anterior lobe ; the mesosternum is very widely sinuous anteriorly, with a rather deep marginal stria which stops abruptly before the base ; the metasternum has an independent lateral stria; the anterior tibize 4-dentate.
‘This species is similar to A. parensis, Mars., but parensis is larger and has no frontal stria. The elytral stria and the fovex of the pygidium and other small characters also distin- guish it.
Hab, Brazil (H. H. Smith).
Apobletes mundus, sp. n.
Oblongo-ovatus, complanatus, piceus, nitidus; fronte tenuissime punctulata, haud striata, basi utrinque breviter sulcata ; pronoto marginato ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 basi abbreviata, 5 sutu- ralique apicalibus ; propygidio sparse grosse punctato; prosterno mesosternoque haud striatis.
L, 23-22 mill.
new Species of Histeride, 7
Oblong-oval, flat, piceous, shining; the head, surface even, with extremely fine evenly scattered punctures, at the base on either side are two short furrows, it is angulate on the sides over the eyes and very minutely bisinuous before the angle; the thorax with similar punctures to those of the head, mar- ginal stria complete and close to the edge; the elytra, striae 1-3 complete, 4 shortened at the base, 5 apical, dimidiate, and very feebly oblique, sutural half the length of the fifth only, being shortened apically, it is also slightly oblique ; both humeral striz are wanting; the propygidium has some shallow punctures along its base, and a very few similar points are scattered irregularly over the surface ; the pygidium has relatively large punctures, also irregular, but more closely set together; the prosternum is without strie; the meso- sternum is very widely emarginate, also without a stria; the metasternum has a lateral stria, but the suture between it and the mesosternum is scarcely visible; the anterior tibiz 4-dentate.
Hab. ‘‘Usambara, Derema, 850 m. December, 1891. Condrat, 8.” In the Berlin Museum and my own collection.
Apobletes almeide, sp. n.
Oblongus, parallelus, depressiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte fere plana, antice haud striata, punctulata; pronoto stria marginali integra; elytris striis 1-2 et 4 completis, 5 apicali brevissima, suturali basi multo abbreviata, paulum obliqua; propygidio pygidioque irregulariter punctatis; prosterno bistriato, striis anticis divergentibus.
L, 22 mill.
Oblong, parallel, rather depressed ; forehead slightly uneven, without a transverse stria, but marginate over the eyes, surface sparingly punctulate; the thorax punctulate very similarly to the head, but the punctures more distinctly vary in size, hind angles rectangular, anterior obtuse, marginal stria laterally close to the edge, but behind the neck it is further from the margin; along the basal edge there is a row of punctures, but they do not meet before the scutellum; the elytra, strie 1, 2, 4 complete, 3 broken or evanescent in the middle, 5 consists of a very short apical line, the sutural is apical but reaches beyond the middle of the dorsum, and is not parallel to the suture, but gradually widens slightly from it to the apex, the apical border has a few fine punctures; the propygidium is nairowly transverse, with scattered points of varying sizes ; the pygidium is semicircular in outline, with a shallow depression on either side at the base, and reund the
8 Mr. G. Lewis on
depressions the outer edge is thickened and raised, the surface punctuation is the same as that of the propygidium ; the pro- sternum bistriate, striz not joining behind, diverging widely before the coxze and curved inwards at the tips; the meso- sternum is widely sinuous, almost from angle to angle, the marginal stria is complete, and on either side of the sinuosity the margin is widened and thickened; anterior tibia 4-0- dentate, with tarsal grooves shallow and nearly straight.
The genus Apobdletes, as at present constituted, is not capable of exact definition ; in both this species and A. lati- usculus, Sch., the tarsal grooves are shallow and nearly straight, and in two species of the allied genus Platysoma from Madagascar the grooves are similarly formed, viz. P. Richtert, Sch., and P. quadricolle, Lew.
Hab. Madagascar, “‘ Andrangoloaka, alt. 1600 m. 0.58. O.
de Tananarive.”’
Platysoma satzume, sp. n.
Ovale, convexiusculum, nigrum, nitidum; antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis ; fronte leviter impressa, stria transversa subarcuata ; pronoto anguste marginato; elytris striis 1 et 3 integris, 2 basi abbreviata, 4-5 apicalibus ; propygidio pygidioque profunde punc- tatis.
L. 4 mill.
Oval, somewhat convex, black, shining; the head feebly impressed anteriorly, stria complete and transversely feebly bowed; the thorax a little arched anteriorly, angles some- what obtuse, lateral stria well-marked, close to the edge, and continued behind the head ; the elytra, striz 1 and 3 complete, 2 a little shortened at the base, 4 apical but just passing the middle, 5 apical but only reaching the middle, sutural wanting ; the propygidium is coarsely punctured (very similarly to P. confucii, Mars.) ; the pygidium is more deeply punctured and the punctures are larger and relatively a little less close, the posterior rim is smooth ; the prosternum, keel narrow and without striw; the mesosternum is rather widely emarginate in front, stria complete, but at the emargination it is very close to the edge, laterally it continues down the meta- sternum ; the anterior tibiz are 5-dentate.
This species in outline is rather more oval than P. sin- ccrum, Sch., but otherwise the general form is similar. It also resembles P. solitarium, elingue, and uniforme, Lew., espe- cially in the thoracic marginal stria being close and parallel to the edge.
Hab. Higo and Satzuma, 8. Japan.
new Species of Histeride. 9
Platysoma latimarginatum, sp. n.
Oblongum, subparallelum, depressum, rufo-brunneum ; fronte leviter impressa, minutissime punctulata, stria integra; pronoto, stria marginali integra, laterali a margine valde distante antice abbre- viata ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-6 apicalibus; prosterno bi- striato, angustato ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.
L. 3 mill.
Oblong, rather parallel, depressed, reddish brown; the head, surface with an extremely fine punctuation, not dense, stria complete and fine and widely straight anteriorly ; the thorax, marginal stria somewhat carinate and passes the posterior angle, behind the head it leaves the edge and is obscurely crenulate, there is an inner lateral stria some distance from the margin which leaves a very wide interstice, the stria touches the base but is shortened anteriorly at a point in a line with the back of the head, this stria is broad and bends inwards in the middle; the elytra, stria, external humeral complete, inner humeral wanting, 1-3 rather fine and complete, 4-5 apical and almost reaching the middle, sutural longer than the last two and just passing beyond the middle; there are microscopic punctures on the thorax and elytra; the pro- pygidium has a few large, shallow, and irregular punctures with minute points intermixed ; the pygidium is very similar, but the large irregular punctures are transversely disposed near the base; the prosternum, keel narrow, surface with a few minute punctures, bistriate, strie looped together at the base, outside the striz the prosternum is minutely strigose, lobe rather wide and distinctly punctured, base semicircular in outline ; the mesosternum emarginate, with a short stria on each side at the angles, within these short striae there is the usual mesosternal marginal stria, which follows the course of the emargination, and then, leaving the edge, passes some- what obliquely along the side of the metasternum ; the ante- rior tibiee are 3-dentate.
Resembles Platysoma constrictum, Lew.
Hab. Forest Reefs, New South Wales (Lea, 1248).
Platysoma bipunctatum, sp. n.
Oblongum, subparallelum, depressum, rufo-brunneum ; pronoto stria laterali integra, utrinque nigro bipunctato; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 apicalibus, dimidiatis, suturali nulla; prosterno bi- striato ; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.
L. 3 mill.
Oblong, rather parallel, depressed, reddish brown; the head
10 Mr. G. Lewis on
very minutely and sparsely punctulate, stria complete, bowed laterally, nearly straight in front, vertex feebly impressed ; the thorax, marginal stria very fine, lateral also very fine, it widens out a little in the median area, and, although very fine, continues round the basal angle, on each side not far from the margin and as near the middle as possible is a small black spot; the elytra, strie 1-3 complete, 4-5 dimidiate and exactly equal in length, there is no sutural; the pygidia are punctured like those of P. latimarginatum.
Beneath, this species is almost exactly the same as the last, except that the surface of the prosternum on either side of the keel is less conspicuously strigose and there are no short strie at the mesosternal angles; the anterior tibie are 5-dentate, basal tooth very small.
This and the preceding species with P. constrictum, Lew., constitute a type of Platysoma peculiar to Australia. The prosternal anterior lobe is very prominent in all the three species.
Hab. Forest Reefs, New South Wales (Lea, 1244).
Phelister nigropunctatus, sp. n.
Ovalis, convexiusculus, rufo-brunneus, nitidus; pronoto utrinque nigro-punctato; elytris striis 1-4 integris, 5 et suturali basi abbreviatis; propygidio pygidioque punctatis; tibiis anticis 4- dentatis.
L, 23 mill.
Oval, a little convex, rather dark reddish brown, shining ; the forehead is clearly punctulate, feebly concave, stria com- plete, carinate over the eyes, nearly straight in front; the thorax, marginal stria complete, crenulate behind the head, lateral stria fine, parallel to the marginal stria, and ter- minating just before the anterior angle, surface finely not densely punctured, near the middle but not very close to the lateral margin is a distinct but small circular black spot; the elytra, the bases are narrowly edged with black, and near the scutellum there are six or eight small black spots, and behind them the suture is dusky, the striz are crenulate, 1-4 complete, 5 and sutural reaching beyond the middle, the sutural is the longest; the propygidium and pygidium are somewhat closely punctured, punctures shallow, the pygidium has a narrow posterior rim; the prosternum, anterior lobe somewhat closely punctured, keel smooth, with two oblique strie between the coxe; the mesosternum is widely sinuous anteriorly in the middle, with a short sinuosity on either side of it; across the mesosternum is a fine arched stria, which
new Species of Histeridex. 11
approaches near the edge anteriorly and terminates poste- riorly without joining the metasternal lateral stria ; the meta- sternum has a longitudinal median sulcus in the anterior area ; the anterior tibie are 4-dentate, intermediate and posterior tibia somewhat widen out gradually to the base.
The tarsal grooves of this species are straight, and in this respect agree with those of Platysoma exortivum, Lew. The last Schmidt considers belongs to the genus Phelister; so until a new genus is established I follow his views.
Both species are at present unique in my collection.
flab, Tamworth, New South Wales (Lea, 1247).
Pachycrerus ceruleatus, sp. n.
Ovalis, supra parum conyexus, czruleo-metallicus ; antennis pedi- busque rufo-brunneis; clypeo impresso a fronte distincto, stria integra valida; pronoto lateribus fortius punctato, stria marginali antice interrupta; elytris striis 1-4, suturali, et humeralibus integris, 5 dimidiata; prosterno bistriato; mesosterno antice marginato ; propygidio pygidioque punctatis.
L. 4 mill.
The species is the same size and shape as P. cyaneus, Er., and is very similar in sculpture. It differs in the forehead being clearly punctulate, the fourth, sutural, and two humeral strie are complete (although the sutural stria is somewhat fine and vague at the base), the apices of the elytra are trans- versely punctured, and the prosternal keel is rather narrower.
Hab. Matadi, Congo River (J. A. Clark). Two examples were captured amongst many dozens of P. cyaneus, Hr.
Pachycrerus pullus (Gerst.).
Platysoma pullum, Gerst. Archiv fiir Naturg. xxxiii. p. 31 (1867).
This species closely resembles Pachycrerus tenuistriatus, Lew. 1 saw Gersticker’s type in Berlin, and I afterwards sent my type of P. tenuistriatus to Herr Kolbe for comparison with it, who has kindly sent me the following note about it:— “ P. tenuistriatus is larger, the elytra shorter, fourth stria oblique, in pud/us it is parallel to the third, the punctuation is more dispersed on the elytra and occupies but an apical quarter of them, in pudlus it occupies half.”
CHALCURGUS, Kolbe. Chaleurgus, Kolbe, Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, iy. Col. p. 100 (1897). I have seen the two species, C. cyaneus and C. minor,
12 Mr. G. Lewis on
assigned to this genus by Kolbe in the museum at Berlin, and it is clear that Pachycrerus brevipennis, Lew., is con- generic with them.
Omalodes tuberosus, sp. n.
Breviter ovatus, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impressa, stria retrorsum acuminata; pronoto ad angulos minute punctu- lato, stria marginali integra ; elytris striis dorsalibus 1—2 integris, 3 punctiformi, humerali externa nulla, interna brevi cum prima dorsali apice connexa; pygidio propygidioque dense subtiliter punctulatis, hoc margine postico tuberculis duobus fortibus, duo- busque lateribus minus elevatis; prosterno in medio bistriato; mesosterno antice profunde emarginato et utrinque sinuato, stria marginali late interrupta; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.
L. 8 mill.
This species differs from O. tuberculipygus, Sch., in its shorter form, forehead impressed, not canaliculate, in wanting a sutural stria, in the prosternal stria being shorter, and, above all, by the edge of the mesosternum being sinuous on either side of the median emargination. In a type specimen of QO. tuberculipygus I have received from Herr J. Schmidt the mesosternal marginal stria is complete.
Hab. Brazil (ex coll. Barton).
Campylorhabdus singularis, Sch. Campylorhabdus singularis, Sch. Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 366 (1889).
By the kindness of Herr H. J. Kolbe I am able to give a figure (fig. 9) of the above species. Hister mtesa, Ancey, a species very inadequately described, possibly belongs to Campylorhabdus, and, if so, it is a far more extraordinary species of the genus than C. singularis. ‘The prosternum is narrow behind the coxe, with two short unconnected strie, the mesosternum is straight and wide anteriorly and the marginal stria is almost rectangular on either side and is at some distance from the edge. On the first segment of the abdomen there is a wide transverse arched stria. The two humeral striz are complete, 1-4 and sutural are also com- plete and join at the base, 5 is apical and dimidiate. Mons. Ancey says nothing about the legs, so it may belong to another genus, but it is similar to Campylorhabdus. The particulars 1 have given of Ancey’s species are from a drawing tI made some years ago when the type specimen was kindly lent to me by the author. The type is now in Herr J.
new Species of Histeride. 13
Schmidt’s collection, having been given to him by Mons. Ancey.
Fig. 9.
Campylorhabdus singularis, Sch.
Hister nigrita, Er., has been found in Mashonaland by Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall eating Onitis inuus, F., a beetle of considerable size, and it has also been found feeding on Aphodii and small Onthophagi.
Fister saginatus, sp. n.
Oblongo-ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus ; labro valde emar- ginato; fronte lata, stria integra; pronoto lateribus ciliato, striis externis basi abbreviatis, internis anticis interruptis ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 subintegra, 5-6 dimidiatis ; pygidio dense punctato ; mesosterno profunde emarginato, stria interrupta.
L, 13 mill.
Oblong-oval, rather convex, black and shining; the head, labrum transverse, anteriorly depressed in the middle, with the anterior edge narrowly but rather deeply emarginate, forehead flattish, stria somewhat fine but complete and nearly straight in front; the thorax ciliate laterally, outer lateral stria shortened at the base and anteriorly hamate and confined
14 ~ Mr. G. Lewis on
to the angle, inner stria deeper and reaching the base and anteriorly it terminates behind the outer stria and is similarly hamate; the elytra, striz, inner subhumeral interrupted in the middle and shortened a little at the base, 1-3 complete, 4 shortened at the base, 5-6 approximately dimidiate; the propygidium is densely punctate laterally, punctures in the median area less close; the pygidium is wholly and densely punctate ; the prosternum, keel narrow, base spatulate, apical stria oblique, only marginal at the tip; the mesosternum is deeply emarginate, stria imterrupted in the middle (this stria is interrupted in all the closely allied species). ‘The anterior tibia are 3-dentate, apical tooth very large, inter- mediate and posterior tibize multispinose.
Above, this species is very similar to HZ. robusticeps, Mars. ; but H. robusticeps, Mars., and H. fortis, Sch., differ from the species of the robustus group generally in having the anterior lobe of the prosternum marginate. In H. robustus, Er., and the species closely similar to it the prosternum is marginate only at the tip, as the stria laterally takes an oblique direc- tion, and in doing so departs from the anterior edge.
Hab. ‘Tschinde, mouth of the Zambesi River.
IHister colonicus, sp. n.
Late ovatus, parum depressus, niger, nitidus; stria frontali integra ad oculos angulata; pronoto striis duabus lateralibus validis in- tegris ; elytriis striis 1-3 integris, 4 basi evanescenti, 5 apicali, suturali basi abbreviata; propygidio dense punctato, interstitiis longitudinaliter elevatis ; mesosterno sinuato, marginato ; tibiis anticis fortiter tridentatis.
L. 7-73 mill.
Broadly oval, rather depressed, black, shining ; the head, frontal stria complete and feebly sinuous in front, angulate over the eyes, mandibles broad and bidentate ; the thorax transverse, bistriate laterally, striae deep and complete, with the interstice and border convex, external hamate behind the anterior angle, which is somewhat obtuse, the marginal stria is fine and limited to the region of anterior angle, the inner is broken behind the eye but continued behind the neck, there is a very small linear scutellar puncture; the elytra, strie, outer humeral wanting, inner deep and shortened well before the base, with a fine oblique appendage on the shoulder, 1-3 strong and complete, 4 fine and evanescent (or sometimes broken) at the base, 5 apical, dimidiate, sometimes broken, sometimes twisted, sutural shortened before the base and arcuate; the propygidium is densely and coarsely punctate,
new Spectes of Histeridee. 15
with ridge-like interstices somewhat longitudinally raised, especially behind the fourth and fifth strie; the pygidium similarly sculptured, except that the interstices are more irregular and less longitudinal; the prosternum, anterior lobe somewhat pointed, with two marginal striz on either side, lateral region punctured; the mesosternum is sinuous and the marginal stria complete, but it does not join the meta- sternal stria at the suture; the anterior tibie are tridentate, the apical tooth is very strong.
In its general form this species resembles [H. Leseleuct, Mars.
Hab. Dar-es-Salam, Dutch E. Africa.
Note-—The mandibles in ister trepidus, Lew., and
HH. Colensot, Lew. (1897), are bidentate in the middle of the inner edge.
Hister tinctus, sp. 0.
Ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte foveolata, stria in- tegra; pronoto stria laterali externa basi abbreviata, interna haud interrupta; elytris striis 1-4 integris, 5 dimidiata, suturali subintegra ; propygidio bifoveolato; pygidio parum dense punctato ; tibiis latis.
L, 63-73 mill.
Oval, little convex, black, with a bluish tint on the elytra, shining; the head, forehead foveolate, like that of Mister cavifrons, Mars., surface very feebly punctulate, stria com- plete, sometimes bisinuous, sometimes straighter; the thorax, marginal stria is fine and ceases behind the eye, outer stria commences within the anterior angle and terminates before the base, inner stria is complete and crenulate behind the head and nearly reaches the base, being clearly longer than the outer stria, surface microscopically punctulate; theelytra, striz, internal subhumeral apical and reaching beyond the middle, 1-4 complete, interstice between the second and third rather wide at the base, 5 apical and not quite reaching the middle, sutural arcuate and shortened a little before and behind; the propygidium bifoveolate, not densely punctured, punctures some small and some large, intermixed; the pygidium is more evenly punctured and the punctures are more dense; the prosternum impunctate and without strie; the mesosternum rather deeply emarginate, marginal stria strong and com- plete; the tibiz, anterior 4-dentate, apical tooth bifid at the apex, intermediate and posterior multispinose.
The tibize of this species are broad and the tarsi short,
16 Mr. G. Lewis on
approaching in fact the form in the genus Contipus; but it is a Hister of the American type, which includes Hister cavi- Jrons and impressifrons of Marseul. It is the only species of Hister at present known with a bluish tint on the elytra.
Hab. Santarem and Benevides (H. H. Smith). Twelve
examples,
Hister striatipectus, sp. n.
Breviter ovalis, suabconvexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte leviter impressa ; pronoto stria laterali interna integra; elytris striis 1-2 integris, 3 interrupta, 4-5 brevissimis, suturali utrinque abbreviata ; pro- pygidio pygidioque grosse punctatis ; prosterno bistriato.
L, 53 mill.
Shortly oval, rather convex, black and shining; the head feebly impressed, stria complete, bisinuous anteriorly and suleate over the eyes; the thorax, inner lateral stria deep, shortened just before the base and continued behind the head, very feebly sinuous behind the eyes, outer stria short and confined to the region of the angle, marginal very fine and ceasing behind the eye; the elytra, striz, inner humeral fine, oblique and basal, outer wanting, dorsal 1-2 complete and deep, 3 basal, dimidiate, with a short apical appendage, 4-5 very short and apical, sutural dorsal, much shortened ante- riorly, rather less so behind ; the propygidium and pygidium are very coarsely punctate, punctures close but not dense, the punctures are larger than those of H. coronatus, Mars., and more closely set ; the prosternum is remarkable, it is bordered by a very fine but clear stria, which continues along the base, but anteriorly stops at the suture without turning inwards; the mesosternum is widely sinuous in front, marginal stria complete but abruptly ending before the metasternal suture ; the metasternum, lateral stria fine and continued along the anterior suture, being rounded off on either side, not angu- late ; the tibiz, anterior apically bifid, with four small teeth behind them, hinder tibize somewhat dilated, tarsi short.
This species should be placed next to H. Sallec, Mars. In H, Salle the punctuation of the pygidium is not nearly so coarse, the prosternal striz are similar but do not reach the anterior suture, and the metasternal transverse stria is distinctly crenulate and angulate on either side.
Hab.*“‘ Chapada Forest, November” (H. H. Smith). One
example.
new Species of Histeride. 17
Hiister crenatifrons, sp. n.
Orbicularis, conyexus, niger, nitidus; antennis pedibusque rufis ; fronte utrinque crenata, stria valida semicirculari; pronoto stria interna laterali postice abbreviata, antice post angulum terminata ; elytris striis dorsalibus 1-4 integris, 5 et suturali apicalibus ; mesosterno marginato; propygidio pygidioque parce punctatis.
L. 33 mill.
Orbicular, convex, black, shining; the head feebly im- pressed anteriorly, stria well marked and semicircular, punc- tuation sparse and microscopical, the anterior edge before the eye is deeply notched, which enables the funiculus or basal joint of the antenna to be raised vertically, and close to it is a second but less conspicuous notch or emargination, the mandibles are microscopically strigous on the upper surface of their bases; the thorax is extremely finely punctulate, marginal stria fine and continued behind the head, internal stria strong and a little oblique; this stria resembles that figured by Marseul for H. torquatus, except that it is not hamate anteriorly, but ends abruptly before and behind; the elytra, striz, humeral external deep but shortened before and behind, internal wanting, but there is a very fine short oblique stria at the base of the first stria, 1-4 dorsal complete, the interstices between the first and second and the third and fourth widen out a little at their bases, 5 apical, not reaching the middle, sutural reaches beyond the middle, but is a little shortened apically ; the pygidia are irregularly, not closely nor coarsely punctured; the prosternum is without striz, keel narrow and triangular at the base, basal edge obscurely concave ; the mesosternum anteriorly faintly arched in outline, stria complete, rather fine and close to the edge; the meta- sternum has a transverse stria less bowed than the mesosternal stria, the stria continues along the sides and widens out before the posterior coxe; the anterior tibie are apically dilated, with one strong tooth near the insertion of the tarsus, but the other teeth are ill-defined.
This species resembles H. torguatus, Mars., but the frontal outline, thoracic stria, and other characters easily distin- guish it.
Hab. Sumatra (Doherty).
Fister striola, Sahlb., n. syn.
The synonymy of this species is Hister succiola, 'Thoms., 1862; H. japanus, Motsch., 1860; H. striola, Sahlb., 1834,
hel & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. iv. 2
18 Mr. G. Lewis on
Hister sessilis, sp. n.
Orbicularis, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; pedibus brunneo-rufis ; pronoto utrinque impresso stria interna abbreviata: elytris striis 1-5 integris, 5 basi incurvata, apice sinuata, suturali dimidiata ; mesosterno arcuato, marginato; tibiis anticis apice dilatatis.
Long. 22-37 mill.
Orbicular, rather convex, black and shining, antenn and legs brownish red; the head, vertex punctulate, stria strong, complete and distinctly sinuous anteriorly; the thorax, ante- rior edge bisinuous, internal lateral stria very short, oblique, and terminating anteriorly in a fovea behind the anterior angle, fovea punctate, the stria behind the head is crenulate or punctiform and does not clearly reach the fovea (in some examples this stria is better marked than in others); the elytra, striae, inner subhumeral discal very short, with a basal oblique appendage, external wanting, dorsal 1-4 complete and somewhat bowed, 5 complete, faintly sinuous behind the middle, very indistinctly incurved before the base, sutural apical reaching beyond the middle and posteriorly turning away from the suture; the propygidium sparsely punctured and the pygidium is smooth (the surface-sculpture of these two segments agrees with those of H. celestis, Mars.); the prosternum, anterior lobe with an arched marginal sulcus ; the mesosternum is arched anteriorly, with an irregular crenu- late marginal stria; the metasternum has a lateral stria some distance within the line of mesosternal stria; the anterior legs are smooth and the tibiee widen out to their apices, the denti- culations are ill-defined.
The species is very similar to H. cq@lestis, Mars., and H, infirmus, Sch.; 1 only know the latter by description, but the thoracic stria is interrupted behind the head and the fifth dorsal is formed differently.
Hab. Burmah (coll. H. E. Andrewes and my own).
Carcinops prasinus, sp. Nn.
Ovalis, depressiusculus, viridi-metallicus ; antennis pedibusque rufo- brunneis ; capite utrinque angulato ; elytris striis crenulatis, 1-4 dorsalibus integris, 5 suturalique abbreviatis ; pygidio fere levi ;. mesosterno antice emarginato, stria marginali integra; abdomine segmento primo utrinque bistriato.
L. 1 mill.
Oval, somewhat depressed, metallic green; the head sparsely punctulate, with a few larger punctures on the vertex, marginate and distinctly angulate over the eyes; the thorax,
new Species of Histeride. 19
marginal stria complete, punctures very similar to those of head, but the larger points are absent on the disk, along the basal edge are oval and larger punctures, but they are less conspicuous before the scutellum, there is no scutellar punce- ture; the elytra, striz crenulate, 1-4 complete, 4 bending a little inwards at the base, 5 shortened just before the base, sutural shortened by about one third and punctiform poste- riorly, humeral internal fine but entire ; the propygidium has a very few transverse scattered punctures, and under the microscope a fine punctuation can be seen on the pygidium; the prosternum, strie parallel and joined at the base, but not anteriorly ; the mesosternum, marginal stria well-marked and complete; the first segment of the abdomen has two lateral striz on each side.
This species in colour agrees somewhat with C. viridicollis and C. dominicanus, Mars.
Hab. Vera Cruz (Herr R. Becker).
Stictotia Lec, sp. n.
Breviter ovalis, convexiusculus, obscure brunneus, subnitidus ; fronte leviter concava, supra oculos elevata, utrinque inconspicue oblique carinata; pronoto margine elevato; elytris utrinque tricarinatis ; tibiis anticis versus medium dilatatis,
L. 13 mill.
Shortly oval, little convex, brown and somewhat shining ; the head feebly concave and very irregularly punctured, punctures varying in size and form, elevated over the eyes, with the elevations continuing as somewhat obscure ridges obliquely down the face (these ridges are not conspicuous like those of S. Mormont, Lew., or S. frontalis, Macl.), on the vertex there is a very minute tubercle, only seen in certain lights; the thorax, the lateral edges are somewhat thickly elevated and continued as a stria behind the head, stria partly punctate, partly crenulate ; the elytra, epipleural margin, inner and outer humeral strie are cariniform, dorsal strie 1-6 complete, but shallow and indistinct, with rows of punctures, more or less regular and similar to those of the thorax, be- tween them; the pygidium somewhat closely punctured and some of the punctures are incompletely circular; the pro- sternum, the keel is wide and somewhat opaque owing to a densely granulate sculpture, lateral striz cariniform, especially between the coxe, before the coxe the striae widen out gradually to the lateral edge of the anterior lobe, lobe sculp- tured like the keel ; the mesosternum is bisinuous anteriorly
and transverse and narrow, only margined at the sides, and ye
20 Mr. G. Lewis on
separated from the metasternum by a straight crenulate stria ; the metasternum and first abdominal segment are rather more clearly punctate than the mesosternum ; the legs slender, with the anterior tibie conspicuously swollen before the middle.
The widening out of the prosternal strie is a generic character in Stictotiv.
Hab. Windsor, New South Wales (A. M. Lea, 1236).
Stictotix frontalis. Limnichus frontalis, Macl. Trans, Ent. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 172 (1871).
Late ovalis, convexiusculus, rufo-brunneus, nitidus ; fronte conspicue bicarinata; elytris 12-striatis; metasterno punctato, punctis in medio luniformibus.
L. 2 mill.
Broadly oval, somewhat convex, reddish brown; the head, surface granulate, vertex concave, concavity bordered on either side with a well-marked oblique carina; the thorax nearly as wide again at the base as in front, lateral margin narrowly elevated, granulate within the anterior angles and behind the neck, marginal stria behind the head obscurely crenulate ; surface punctuation very distinct, somewhat large, shallow, and not quite circular, the interstices between the punctures are abcut the width of the punctures themselves; the elytra, there are twelve striz on each elytron, that which is appa- rently the outer humeral is punctiform, the sutural is joined at the base to the third from the suture, the two intervening striz represent probably one stria formed astwo. In S. Mor- mont, Lew., where the sutural is joined to another in a similar manner, there is only one intervening stria. ‘The interstitial punctuation, so peculiar in this genus, is arranged in rows; the propygidium and pygidium arecoarsely, rather densely, and evenly punctured; the prosternum, the lateral strie are fine, carinate, and oblique before the cox, the anterior lobe has a rather broad granulate border along the anterior edge and a very few and very much scattered punctures, some incompletely circular; the mesosternum has punctures set transversely, several are crescent-shaped, the transverse stria is widely crenulate ; the metasternum is curiously punctured, the punctures in the median area are crescent-shaped, on the outer area circular, neither are closely placed; the legs are slender, tibize not dilated; the antenna, basal joint nearly as long as all the others together.
The outline of this species is broader than any other of the described species of this genus.
new Species of Histeridee. 21 Hab. Clarence River, New South Wales (Lea, 1235). I
am indebted to Mr. A. M. Lea for specimens of this species, which have been carefully compared with Macleay’s type.
Paromalus niponensis, sp. n.
In the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ix. p. 33 (1892) I recorded this species from Japan as P. complanatus, Panz., but having more recently set up a large series, I find that all the Japanese specimens are different in small but important parti- culars. The general outline of the body is less oblong—that is, it is relatively broader than P. complanatus, the breadth being particularly seen in the width of the thorax and meso- sternum; the legs and antenne are less elongate; the head more distinctly punctured, with the lateral border more elevated ; the thorax has the marginal stria minutely interrupted in the middle behind the neck, and the anterior angles are more acute; the sculpture of the pygidium in the male is variable, but it is usually deeper, and the anastomosed sculpture is bordered behind usually with a semicircular furrow; the mesosternum has an indistinct biarcuate transverse stria, and its lateral stria terminates at the base rectangularly. Marseul says the head of P. complanatus is smooth, but there are fine and feeble points on the surface; the mesosternum has the lateral striz hamate at the base, and its transverse stria is fine but very clear and consists of a single are.
Long. 3-34 mill.
Hab. Found throughout Japan, chiefly under the bark of beech.
Paromalus mendicus, Lew.
This species was originally found in 8. Japan, but in 1890 Herr J. Schmidt informed me that he had received it from Java.
Tribalus Lee, sp. n.
Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte modice prominula, utrinque breviter striata ; pronoto sparse punctulato, punctis grossis inter- mixtis ; elytris striis suturalibus antice abbreviatis; prosterno bistriato ; mesosterno postice crenulato-striato, stria recta.
L, 23-22 mill.
This species, like several from Eastern Asia, has a sutnral stria which diverges from the suture anteriorly. It is ex- tremely like 7. kenigius, Mars., but it is more oval, less convex in the dorsal region, the punctuation of the thorax and
22 Mr. G. Lewis on
elytra more conspicuous, and along the base of the first are some aciculate punctures, the prosternal keel is shorter and the lateral strie diverge less posteriorly. ‘The forehead also is less prominent over the eyes.
Hab. Cairus, New South Wales. From the Macleay Museum (Lea, 1255).
Tribalus tropicus, Lew.
Tribalus tropicus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, xvi. p. 212 (1885).
Herr J. Schmidt has stated (Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, xvii. (xxxvii.) p. 294, 1897) that the above species is T. Dorie, Mars. YT’. Dorie is opaque and depressed, and the dorsal punctuation is obscure. J’. tropicus is convex, with ocellate punctures, and resembles J’. kenigius, Mars. I found 7. Dorie at the same time as 7’ tropicus, and I may have sent Herr Schmidt a specimen of the first instead of the second ; but there is no near resemblance between the two species.
Saprinus viridanus, sp. n.
Ovalis, eneo-viridis; fronte punctata, stria integra; pronoto lateribus impressis grosse punctato, stria integra margini approximata, antice in medio angulata; elytris striis subhumerali externa distincta, interna disjuncta brevissima, 1-3 dimidiatis, 4-5 utrinque, suturali basi, abbreviatis; prosterno plano, bistriato ; mesosterno antice immarginato; tibiis 4-dentatis.
L. 73 mill.
Oval, brassy green, thorax rather more brassy than the - elytra; the head transverse, surface rather densely punctured, with a small median fovea on the vertex, stria complete, feebly bisinuous in front; the thorax with a lateral band of coarse punctures, with rugose oblique interstices in the middle of the band, punctuation behind the neck very fine, disk and base smooth, lateral striz complete and distinctly angulate in the middle behind the neck ; the elytra, stria, humeral ex- ternal complete, internal short, straight, and basal, 1-3 ob- lique at base and extending beyond the middle, 4—5 basal and curved, sutural apical, fine, and reaching beyond the middle, the elytra posteriorly and the pygidia are rather finely and not densely punctured ; the prosternum, the keel is truncate anteriorly and widens out a little to the base, the lateral striae follow the outline of the keel and terminate just before the base ; the mesosternum has a short rather deep stria on either side; the mesosternal stria is separate and oblique, and
new Species of Histeride. 23
reaches halfway down the segment; anterior tibize 4-dentate, the basal tooth is very small.
This species is similar to S. semipunctatus, F., rasselas, Mars., and splendens, Payk. ‘The mesosternal stria is inter- rupted as in rasselas, but it is not joined to the metasternal lateral stria. The sutural stria is finer than in any of these species and the angular course of the marginal thoracic stria behind the neck also distinguishes it from them all.
Hab. N.W. Australia, Macleay Museum (Lea, 1221).
Saprinus inversus, sp. n.
Breyiter ovalis, convexus, ater, nitidus; fronte punctata, haud im- pressa; pronoto lateribus punctatis; elytris striis dorsalibus validis, 1-2 ultra medium, 3 utrinque, abbreviatis, suturali cum 4 coeunte nec apicem attingenti; tibiis anticis 9—-10-denticulatis.
Long. 52 mill.
Shortly oval, convex, black and shining; the head punc- tate, punctures fine before the neck; the thorax punctate laterally, stria complete; the elytra, striw, inner humeral short, basal and oblique, 1-2 dorsal nearly equal in length and reaching beyond the middle, 3 short, discal, with a minute basal appendage, 4 as long as the second and joined to the sutural, the last is slightly shortened at the apex, the outer half of the apical margin is striate; the propygidium and pygidium are densely punctate in g, 2 with a transverse sulcus before the apex of the pygidium, sulcus broad and deep and formed like two connected half-circles, thus WW; this segment is only punctate before the sulcus; the pro- sternum, the lateral strie leave the keel at the coxe, and widening out terminate anteriorly in a fovea; the meso- sternum is marginate and feebly sinuous in front, and a straight crenulate stria separates it from the metasternum.
This species is extremely similar to S. aterrimus, Er., but the fourth dorsal stria is discal and the acumination of the pygidium between the two parts of the sulcus points towards the head. In S. aterrimus, Er. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) lil, p. 287, 1889), the acumination is anterior to the sulcus and points in a reverse direction. In the female of both species it is only the anterior part of the pygidiam which is densely punctate. In S. aterrimus, Er., the third dorsal stria is basal and very rudimentary.
Hab. 8. Catharina, Brazil.
24 Mr. G. Lewis on
Saprinodes falcifer, Lew. Saprinodes faleifer, Lew. Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, viii. p. 395 (1891).
I give a figure of this curious Australian species (fig. 10)
and an enlarged outline showing the form of the anterior tibia.
Fig. 10.
Saprinodes falcifer, Lew.
Fypocaccus ainu, sp. n.
Ovalis, convexus, eneo-niger, nitidus ; fronte obscure rugosa, carina valida ; pronoto post oculos foveolato ; elytris striis 1-4 dorsalibus dimidiatis, 4 cum suturali arcuatim juncta; pygidio punctato et transversim rugoso; tibiis anticis valide 4-dentatis.
L. 3 mill.
Oval, convex, coppery black, shining; the head, clypeus rugose, frontal carina strong and angulate on either side, upper surface somewhat obscurely and very irregularly rugose, the rugosities are confined to the anterior half; the thorax is densely punctured at the sides, with a broad band of punc- tures along the base and a narrow one behind the neck, disk feebly punctulate, marginal stria angulate at a fovea behind the eye and straight behind the neck; the elytra, outer sub- humeral stria is wanting, inner short and dimidiate with an appendage split at both ends, strie 1-3 nearly equal and reaching the middle, 4 as long as the third and joining the sutural at the base, the surface is punctured only behind the strie, the sutural stria is not continued along the apex; the propygidium is densely punctured; the pygidium is somewhat similarly pointed, but except at the apex it is transversely rugose; the prosternum is markedly
new Species of Histeride. 25
widened triangularly at the base and the strie gradually meet anteriorly ; the mesosternum is margined anteriorly, with a transverse crenulate stria at the base; the anterior tibie 4-dentate.
This species is not much like any other species I know. Hi. varians, Sch., a common Japanese species, has no meso- sternal transverse stria.
Hab. Ishikari River, Yezo. I obtained this species from a Japanese I sent to collect insects in Central Yezo in 1882.
Hypocaccus rufipes, Payk.
I found an example of this species at Enoshima, near Yoko- hama, in May 1880. This is the first record of its occurrence in Japan.
Hypocaccus rubicillie, sp. n.
Ovalis, niger, nitidus, elytris partim rufis ; capite thoraceque im- punctatis; mesosterno margine late interrupto; tibiis anticis 6-dentatis,
L. 22 mill.
Oval, black, shining, the elytra red, with the scutellar disk and posterior margins obscurely black; the head and thorax smooth and impunctate, without strie or sulci, the first has a well-marked carina, the second a fine marginal stria which continues in front close along the edge; the elytra finely, not closely, punctulate apically—strie, external subhumeral wanting, internal short and apical, with a fine basal oblique appendage, dorsal 1-3 short, not reaching the middle, very fine, oblique, and punctate or punctiform, 4 very short and indicated on the disk by only a few small points, 5 absent, sutural apical and anteriorly punctiform ; the pygidia are very evenly and very finely, not densely, punctured; the pro- sternum, keel narrow, but widening out a little at the base, strie cariniform, parallel, joining in front and looped together posteriorly at the widening out of the keel; the mesosternum, marginal stria somewhat deep and confined to the anterior angles, it does not join the metasternal stria; the metasternal stria is oblique and longer than the mesosternal stria; the first abdominal segment is clearly punctured, but there are very few points in the central area; the anterior tibie are 6-dentate and the posterior tarsi are very robust.
This species is remarkable for its coloration, and its head and thorax are impunctate, like those of Pachylopus dimidiatus, Hl.
Hab. Nguela, Usambara. In the collection of the Royal Museum at Brussels and my own.
26 Mr. G. Lewis on
Hypocaccus rubricatus, sp. n.
Parum late ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus, elytris partim rufis ; fronte punctata, triangulariter carinata ; pronoto marginato, punc- tato; elytris striis dorsalibus 2-4 magis abbreviatis, 1 longiore, 4 arcuatim cum suturali juncta, subhumerali externa nulla, interna brevi, disjuncta ; pygidio equaliter et sat dense punctato.
L. 2% mill.
Rather widely oval, the elytra behind the shoulders being a little prominent, black, with the elytra laterally broadly red, and at and near the humeral angles this colour extends across the interstices of the first and second striz; the head evenly and clearly but not very densely punctured, with a well-marked sinuous carina separating the epistoma from the head, and being continued behind obliquely meets on the vertex and thus incloses a triangular space—there are also carine over the eyes which join the anterior sinuous carina, these ocular caring are feebly sinuous before the eyes; the thorax, marginal stria complete, punctuation somewhat similar to that of the head, but rather more dense in the regions of the anterior angles and less dense on the disk ; the elytra, strie, subhumeral internal broken in the middle, posterior part short, anterior part oblique, external wanting, first dorsal shortened before the apical margin, incurved at both ends, second and third incurved at the base and posteriorly scarcely reaching beyond the middle, fourth very similar to the third but arched at the base and joined to the sutural, which is complete, all the dorsal striz are rather strong, the punctuation is similar to that of the thorax and is confined to the region between the fourth and sutural striz and to the apical area behind the second, third, and fourth striz; on the propy- gidium and pygidium the punctures are closer but similar; the prosternum triangularly widens out behind the coxe and is bistriate, striz do not touch the base, but join anteriorly, in front of the cox they run close and parallel to each othee along a very narrow keel; the anterior tibia are somewhat dilated and are 7-denticulate.
This species is not much like any previously described, but it belongs to Marseul’s section of Saprinus with “ un Bent chevron sur le front.”” ‘The prosternal striz before the cox are much nearer together than those of H. rugifrons, Payk.
Hab. Frere (Natal) ; taken in carrion by Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall (no. 1447).
new Species of Histeride. 27
Trypeticus meridianus, sp. n.
Oblongus, cylindricus, niger, nitidus, pedibus rufo-brunneis ; fronte triangulata, minutissime strigulosa; rostro apice minute bituber- culato ; pronoto antice arcuatim depresso ; propygidio pygidioque utrinque bifoveolatis.
L. 33 mill.
?. Oblong, cylindrical, black, shining, legs reddish brown ; the head, face triangular and slightly concave, rostrum rather short and terminating in two small tubercles, surface micro- scopically transversely strigose, with some irregular punctures on the vertex; the thorax is of the same length as the elytra, with an arcuate depression behind the neck, punctuation clear and most dense anteriorly, without a scutellar fovea or punc- ture, lateral marginal stria well-marked ; the elytra, punctua- tion less close than that of the thorax ; the propygidium and pygidium are punctured very similarly to the elytra, and both have a conspicuous fovea on either side at their bases; the pro- sternum is a little longer than broad, rectangular, with a mar- ginal well-marked stria at the sides, and continuing in front but not along the base, surface irregularly not densely punctured ; the mesosternum is truncate and immarginate anteriorly, laterally behind the coxz is a shallow rather broad sulcus with its outer edge raised and turned in anteriorly, surface rather sparsely but evenly punctured; the metasternum is punctate like the mesosternum and has a fine median line. In a second specimen the fovee in the pygidia are more shallow and less conspicuous.
This species is similar to T. G'estroz, Mars. (which is known to me by description only), especially in the form of the head and rostrum. In 7. Gestrod the prosternal striz are continued along the base and there are no fovee in the pygidia. The male is unknown at present.
Hab. Lombok, at an altitude of 2000 feet, in September 1896 (Hi. Fruhstorfer).
Pygoceelis usambicus, Kolbe. Pygocelis usambicus, Kolbe, Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, iv. Col. p. 104 (1897).
I am also much indebted to Herr Kolbe for examples of this species and for giving me a drawing (fig. 11), here repro- duced, of his specimen. ‘The surface of the pygidium is wholly excavated in the male, leaving only a narrow rim as a posterior margin; in the female the surface of the pygidium
28 On new Species of Histeride.
is concave. This confirms the sexual characters I gave for Pygocelis (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, xx. 1897, p. 564). Herr Kolbe’s species is highly typical of the genus.
Fig. 11.
Pygocelis usambicus, Kolbe.
Teretriosoma latirostre, sp. n.
Oblongum, cylindricum, nigrum, nitidum, undique sed inequaliter punctatum ; antennis tibiisque rufo-brunneis ; pygidio convexo ; mesosterno, stria marginali in medio interrupta, metasternoque grosse punctatis; tibiis anticis 6-spinosis.
L. 23 mill.
Oblong, cylindrical, black, shining; the head evenly, not closely, punctured, with a fine but clear carina over the eyes, nose broad and robust; the thorax, marginal stria laterally well-marked, fine along the anterior edge, punctuation larger than that of the head, especially along the base and before the scutellum, and the punctures are sometimes ocellate; the elytra have one rather well-defined oblique stria outside the middle of the base, the dorsal punctures are larger and more distinctly ocellate than those of the thorax, and in the dorsal region the interstices are faintly and rather irregularly longi- tudinally raised; the propygidium is clearly and somewhat evenly punctured, punctures distinctly ocellate when seen under the microscope; the pygidium is convex, with the punctures more sparse and finer on the median area; the prosternum margined laterally before the coxe and coarsely, not closely, punctate ; the mesosternum, marginal stria fine, not well-marked, and interrupted in the middle, coarsely punctured ; the metasternum, lateral stria curved anteriorly, turning towards the suture, and not joined to the mesosternal stria, punctures most scattered in the median region; the first segment of the abdomen has smaller and closer punctures. The antenne are reddish brown, also the tibiz and tarsi, femora darker; the anterior tibie are 6-, intermediate 5-, posterior 4—5-spinose.
On Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 29
This species differs from the others I am acquainted with in having a broader nose, and the anterior tibiz are spinose rather than dentate.
Hab. Brownville, Texas (Wickham). One example.
Lipiechinus tasmant, sp. n.
Orbicularis, convexus, subnitidus, niger, setosus; antennis rufis; fronte in medio carinata, utrinque punctata; pronoto utrinque bicarinato; elytris 6-costatis ; propygidio utrinque late impresso ; pygidio irregulariter punctato.
L. 12 mill.
Nearly circular in outline, convex, somewhat shining, black and setose ; antenne wholly red, thighs red on the inner surface; the head, there is a well-marked median carina and one on either side of it midway between it and the lateral margin ; the thorax, the lateral edge is carinate and there is an inner carina parallel to it, with a rather wide interstice between them, behind the neck are four short carine; the elytra, the outer margin, one humeral stria and first dorsal stria are strongly carinate, and there are two others and a sutural less elevated; the propygidium is transversely and widely impressed on either side, the impressions nearly meeting in the middle; the pygidium has one or two very large punctures and smaller ones mostly differing in size from one another; the prosternum, anterior lobe with large deep punctures, keel wide, with lateral strie hamate anteriorly, surface of keel with a few small irregular points; the meso- sternum widely bisinuous, sternal pits shallow and widen out transversely before and behind; the metasternum has round punctures much larger than those of the mesosternum, and most numerous in the median area, along the edge behind the sternal fovea is a strong carina,
Hab. Cairus, New South Wales, from the Macleay Museum (Lea, 1233). It is probable that many species of this genus occur in Australia.
I].—Rhynchotal Notes.—Heteroptera: Scutellerine and Graphosomine. By W. L. Distant.
HAVING commenced the rearrangement, with large incorpora- tions, of the fine collection of Rhynchota in the British Museum, the work of the late Francis Walker naturally calls for revision, which I have attempted in this paper so far as
30 Mr. W. L. Distant on
the Scutellerine and Graphosomine are concerned. All Walker’s species which relate to these two subfamilies are reviewed in the following pages. I have also had all West- wood’s types which he described in the ‘ Hope Catalogue’ before me as I worked through the species. Some new species and genera are described.
Walker’s type-specimens missing from the collection call for some remark. ‘These disappearances, however, are not confined to the Rhynchota. Dr. Butler appears to have found similar lacune in the Zygenide. Writing on this subject (Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xii. p. 402, 1876) he remarks:— ‘Mr. Walker comes one day and describes a new species ; but, owing to the lateness of the hour, or some other cause, omits to label it as a type; the next time he comes to the collection he continues his MS., and, finding this species without a label, forthwith redescribes it. This will, I think, account for several instances which I have noticed of evidently the same species described twice over in consecutive pages of Walker’s Catalogues.” Again (loc. cit. p. 432) :— ““ He neglected to label his type, it got mixed up with the other Arctiide in the collection ; and the label appeared in the cabinet with no specimen to represent Walker’s species.” One other reason may be predicated. He never labelled the specimens; he was an industrious though, it must be added, reckless describer, and it seems probable that when he some- times discovered his mistakes he shifted the specimens to more proper positions and maintained a discreet silence as to the process. Hence the specimens are doubtless in the collection, but in other places and under other names.
ScurELLERINZ. Genus COLEOTICHUS.
Coleotichus eacellens, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 3 (1867).
The three specimens on which Walker founded his species were unlocalized, and “ patria ignota”’ appears against the name in the catalogue of Lethierry and Severin. The British Museum now possesses a specimen from Queensland, and my own collection contains one from Samoa.
A character generally present, and found in two of the three typical specimens of Walker, is a small but distinct levigate ochraceous spot near each basal angle of the scu- tellum, which also possesses three or four small black spots— two transversely placed and wide apart before middle, and
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 31
two close together (sometimes only one) on the slight central keel about one third before apex. ‘The pronotum also pos- sesses two small black spots situate a little before anterior margin.
Coleotichus borealis, sp. n.
Ochraceous, thickly and coarsely punctate; margins of the head and pronotum stramineous, inwardly demarcated with metallic green punctures on the head, very obscurely so and only near anterior margin of the pronotum. Scu- tellum with a distinct levigate stramineous spot near each basal angle, and with a few very small discal black spots, situate two close together on each side before middle and two, also close together, on central median line about one third before apex. Corium with a dark metallic olivaceous sub- costal margin. Body beneath, legs, and antenne pale ochraceous. Pronotum with two small black spots a little before anterior margin.
Long. 17-19 millim. ; exp. pronot. angle 10 millim.
Hab. Formosa, Lak-ku-li (Hulst). Two specimens (Brit. Mus.).
This species is closely allied to the Australian C. excellens, Walk., both in size and markings. It is separated, however, by the different coloration—ochraceous, not ferruginous—by the broader, more gibbous, and posteriorly less attenuated body, uniform colour of the sternum, &c. This is the most northern species of the genus yet described.
Coleotichus fuscus.
Coleotichus fuscus, Vollenh. Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 59 (1863). Coleotichus sordidus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 1. n. 4 (1867).
DAMELIA, gen. nov.
Body short, about one and a half times as long as broad, gibbous, deflexed towards head and apex of abdomen. Head almost twice as broad as long, lateral margins moderately sinuated, apex rounded ; antenne of five joints, second and third joints almost equal in length. Pronotum with the anterior margin moderately concave, lateral margins obliquely convex and laminate, basal margin in front of scutellum nearly straight. Scutellum with a large but faint circular impression on each side near base. Sternum with a central canal, the edges of which are raised.
I have placed this genus near Steganocerus.
32 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Damelia circuliferus. Spherocoris circuliferus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 7. n. 18 (1887). Australia (Damel’s coll.).
Genus SPHA@ROCORIS.
Spherocoris ocellatus.
Tetyra ocellata, Klug, Symb. vy. pl. xliii. figs. 1-3 (1834).
This species is generally distributed throughout South and Kast Africa. The British Museum contains specimens from Angola, from which locality also comes the West-African species S. annulus. ‘This is the only locality known to the writer in which both species occur.
Spherocoris annulus.
Cimex annulus, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 697 (1775). Spherocoris annularis, Westw. in Hope, Cat. Hem. i. p. 13 (1837).
This truly West-African species, like others from the same area, seems gradually spreading eastwards across the con- tinent. In the British Museum is a specimen collected by Mr. Scott Elliot in the district between Salt Lake and Wawamba Country in East Central Africa.
Spherocoris pecilus, Dallas, List Hem. Ins. i. p. 9 (1851).
This species, originally described from Gambia and re- described by Stal from Nubia, was found by Mr. Scott Elliot in the same district of East Central Africa as S. annulus.
Genus ASOLENIDIUM.
Asolenidium unicolor. Spherocoris? unicolor, Dallas, List Hem. Ins. i. p. 7 (1851).
Var. flavonotatus. Spherocoris ? flavonotatus, Dallas, loc. cit. p. 7.
Var. olivaceus, nov.
Above dark uniform olivaceous, beneath piceous; head beneath, prosternum, and femora dull castaneous; tibie and tarsi piceous.
Hab. West Africa, Cameroon Mts. (Brit. Mus.).
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 33
Genus HYPERONCUS.
Hyperoncus cyaneosparsus. Spherocoris cyaneosparsus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 6. n. 17 (1867),
Genus CANTAO. Cantao rudis.
Cantao rudis, Vollenhoven, Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 60 (1863). Cantao inscitus, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 506 (1868). Cantao conscitus, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 507.
Genus TECTOCORIS. Tectocoris lineola.
Cimex lineola, Fabr. Spec. ii. p. 340 (1781).
Tectocoris pusillus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 13 (1867).—Appertains to the variety Banksi, Don.
Tectocoris vbliquus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 13.—A variety near that known under the name of diophthalmus, Thunb.
Tectocoris amboinensis.
The typical specimen on which this species was founded is destroyed, only the “ head” being now contained in the National Collection. From the description it seems clearly to have been nothing but a variety of TZ. lineola, Fabr., var. cyanipes, Fabr., and may therefore be erased from our nomenclature.
Genus Pa@crLocorIis.
Pecilocoris Hardwicki. Tectocoris Hardwicku, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 13 (1837).
A specimen of this species, originally in the Hast-Indian Museum and now contained in the National Collection, has the following label attached:—*‘ Tea-shrubs at Tengrac (Feb. 24, 1836); said to infect the plant particularly.—Near Boutan.”’
Pecilocoris Hardwicki, Westw. (supra). Pecilocoris anisospilus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 9 (1867).
Walker’s type is a small specimen of the above species appertaining to the variety affinis, Westw.
Peecilocoris plenisignatus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 9. n. 13 (1867). The specimen on which this species was founded is no Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. iv. 3
34 Mr. W. L. Distant on
longer in its place in the British Museum. It is possible that Walker may have discovered an error and relegated the “ species? to some other and more proper place. At all events, it must be considered as non-existent and has to be erased from our nomenclature.
Pecilocoris purpurascens, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 14 (1837).
Abundantly distinct from P. interruptus, Westw. (loc. cit. p. 14), and is not a synonym of that species as enumerated in the ‘Cat. Gén. des Hémiptéres’ of Lethierry and Severin (p. 20).
Genus CHAROCORIS.
Cherocoris paganus. Cimex paganus, Fabry. Syst. Int. p. 698 (1775).
Attached to a specimen in the National Collection received from the Wilson-Saunders collection, and localized New South Wales, is the following note:—“ This species is fossorial in soft sandstone. All this lot were taken in such a state, and the remains of the pupe were in the holes.”
Cherocoris similis, sp. n.
In markings above almost exactly similar to C. variegatus, Dall., but the ground-colour is stramineous and not bright red. Beneath stramineous; head and sternum with sub- marginal black lines; abdomen with a single marginal row of angulated black spots. Legs stramineous, streaked with black.
The body is very much narrower and more elongate than in C. vartegatus, and the rostrum extends almost halfway across the basal segment of the abdomen, while in Dallas’s species it about only reaches its base.
Long. 10 millim.
Hab. Australia, Adelaide. Type, Brit. Mus.
Genus TETRARTHRIA. Tetrarthria variegata. Tetrarthria variegata, Dall. List Hem. Ins. i. p. 20, pl. i. fig. 1 (1851). Var. Tetrarthria lateralis, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 21 (1867). Var. Tetrarthria congrua, Walk, loc. cit. p. 20.
This is a most variable species, and it is more than probable that some of those enumerated below as species are also
Scutellerine and Graphosomin. 35
but forms of T. variegata. More material, however, seems necessary before further union is attempted.
Tetrarthria varia.
Tetrarthria varia, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 18 (1867). Var. Tetrarthria lineata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 18.
Tetrarthria maculata.
Letrarthria maculata, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 22 (1867), Tetrarthria basalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 23.
Genus BRACHYAULAX.
Brachyaulax oblonga.
Tectocoris oblonga, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 14 (1887). Scutellera cyaneovitta, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 16 (1867). Scutellera maculigera, Walk. loc. cit. p 16.
Scutellera pubescens, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 507 (1868). Var. Scutellera buprestoides, Walk. loc. cit. i. p. 16 (1867).
Genus PHILta. Philia femorata.
Calhdea femorata, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 88. n. 49 (1867).
Callidea curtula, Walk. loc. cit. p. 89. n. 54.
Callidea collaris, Walk. loc. cit. p. 40. n. 56.
Var. Callidea aureocincta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 41. n. 68.
These may all subsequently prove to be varieties of P. senator, Fabr., but they are distinct from that species in coloration ; and whereas the typical P. senator appears to be almost confined to Australia, P. femorata and its variety are dominant in the eastern portion of the Malay Archipelago, though specimens have been received from Somerset, Cape York Peninsula.
Phitia subapicalis. Callidea subapicalis, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 36. n. 45 (1867),
A species of considerably larger size than P. femorata, to which in other respects it is very closely related, and alto- gether distinct from C. munda and C. spilogastra, to which Walker allies it. The basal two of the five golden-green spots to the scutellum described by Walker are very in-
distinct, Possibly another large form of P. senator. 3%
36 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Philia ditissima. Callidea ditissima, Vollenhoven, Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 26, pl. i. fig. 5 (1863). Calldea cresus, Vollenhoven, Tijdschr. v. Entom. xii. p. 259, pl. xi. fig. e (1869). Callidea flammigera, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 42. n. 59 (1867); var. loc. ett. iii, p. 512 (1868).
Philia fastuosa.
Callidea fastuosa, Vollenhoven, Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 26 (1863). Callidea fulgida, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 36. n. 46 (1867).
Callidea sohta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 36. n. 47.
Callidea discoidalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 41. n. 57.
Stal (En. Hem. iii. p. 15), comparing this species with P. ditissima, remarks :—‘‘ Limbus flavescens ventris an- gustior quam in speciebus precedentibus.” The margin to the abdomen is, however, variable, being as wide as in ditissima in the specimens Walker described under the name of C. solita, and narrowing in other specimens till the margin is practically obsolete.
Philia jactator.
Caliidea jactator, Stal, Gifv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 231; loc. cat. 1856, p. 52. 2.
Callidea gloriosa, Vollenh. Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 35. n. 32, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1863).
Callidea munda, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 37. n. 48 (1867).
Callidea sulaca, Walk. loc. cit. p. 42. n. 60.
Philia balteata.
Callidea balteata, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 34. n. 40 (1867). Callidea latefasciata, Vollenh. Versl. Ak. Amst. (2) ii. p. 175 (1868) ; Tijdschr, v. Ent. xii. p. 257, pl. xi. fig. d (1869).
Walker’s type was from New Guinea.
Philia distinguenda. Callidea distinguenda, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 514 (1868).
Philia erythrina. Callidea erythrina, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 44. n. 64 (1867).
Philia leucocyanea, Montrouzier, Ann. Sc. Phys. Nat. d’Agric. sér. 2, vil. 1, p. 95 (1855).
This species appears to be of a variable nature, judging from some Solomon-Islands specimens in the British Museum.
Scutellerinz and Graphosomine. 37
Var. a (typical).—Duke of York’s Island (coll. Dist.).
Var. 6.—Pronotum wholly black, excepting lateral areas. Solomon Islands.
Var. c.—As in var. a, but with the legs wholly cyaneous. Solomon Islands.
Var. d— Wholly purplish black above, but with the posterior lateral marginal ochraceous coloration to the pronotum, Femora ochraceous, with their apices cyaneous. Solomon
Islands.
Var. e.—Wholly purplish black above. Femora ochraceous, their apices concolorous. New Britain.
Philia Woodfordi, sp. n.
Bright metallic bronzy green; head, lateral margins of pronotum, and basal half of scutellum emerald-green ; central lobe and basal margin of head, anterior marginal area of pronotum, basal callosity, and two large fused spots on apical area of scutellum purplish black; extreme apex of scutellum bronzy green. Body beneath emerald-green; areas of the odoriferous apertures and basal margins of the abdominal segments black. Coxe, trochanters and femora, and lateral margins of the abdomen ochraceous. Antenna piceous, first and second joints ochraceous; rostrum piceous, basal joint ochraceous.
Pronotum and scutellum coarsely punctate ; abdomen be- neath finely wrinkled and sparingly punctate, its ochraceous lateral margin entire.
Long. 11-12 millim.
Hab, Solomon Islands (Woodford; Brit. Mus.).
Genus CALLIPHARA.
Calliphara praslinia, Guér, (Scutellera), Voy. Coq., Ins. pp. 158 & 160, pl. xi. fig. 3 (1830). Tetrarthria sobria, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 21. n. 10 (1867),
Tetrarthria nigra, Walk. loc. cit. p. 23. n. 16. Callidea ebenina, Walk. loc. cit. p 39, n. 52.
Calliphara bifasciata,
Callidea (Calliphara) bifasciata, White, Trans, Ent. Soe. Lond. iii. p. 85 (1842). Calhidea quadrifera, Walker, Cat. Het. iii. p. 514 (1868).
38 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Calliphara excellens.
- Tetyra exvcellens, Burm, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. xvi., Suppl. i. p. 287, pl. xli. fig. 2 (1884). Tectocoris obscura, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 11 (1887).
Calliphara regalis.
Cimex regalis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 697 (1775).
Callidea erythrospila, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 33. n. 38 (1867). Caliidea semirufa, Walk. loc, cit. p. 34. n. 39.
Callidea biplaga, Walk, loc. cit. p. 35. n. 42.
Calliphara quadrinotata. Callidea quadrinotata, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p, 38. n, 51 (1867).
Var. a (typical).—Pronotum purplish; scutellum luteous, with four purplish spots.
Var. 6.—Pronotum purplish red, with dark bluish spots ; scutellum purplish red, with four bluish spots, and the apex also of the same colour. New Guinea (Brit. Mus.).
Var. c.—Pronotum resplendent green, with bluish-black spots ;
scutellum with seven blackish spots. Admiralty Islands (Brit. Mus.).
Allied to C. eximia, Vollenh.
Calliphara flagrans. Tetrarthria flagrans, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 24. n. 19 (1867),
Genus CHRYSOCORIS.
Chrysocoris atricapillus.
Scutellera atricapilla, Guérin, Voy. Coq., Ins. p. 156 (1880). Pecilocoris melanocephalus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 10. n. 16 (1867), Var. Callidea variabilis, Vollenh. Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 22, pl. i. fig. 9 (1863). Callidea ampla, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 35, n. 44 (1867).
Chrysocoris coxalis.
Callidea coxvalis, Stél, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) iv. p. 47 (1864). Callidea tessellata, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 88. n. 50 (1867). Callidea proxima, Walk. loc. cit, p. 89. n. 53,
Chrysocorts spilogastra. Callidea spilogastra, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 80, 1, 22 (1867).
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 39
Chrysocoris Stollit.
Cimex Stollii, Wolff, Ic. ii. p. 48, fig. 45 (1801). Callidea porphyricola, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 29. n. 19 (1867).
Chrysocoris peltophoroides.
Tetrarthria peltophoroides, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 22. n. 13 (1867). Callidea celebensis, Vollenh. Versl. Ak. Amst. (2) ii. p. 175 (1868) ; Tijdschr. voor Ent. xii. p. 258, pl. xi. fig. ¢ (1869).
Chrysocoris Germart,
Scutellera Germari, Eschsch, Entomogr. i. p. 100, 73, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1822). Var. Callidea consul, Vollenh. Faun. Ind. Neerl. i. p. 36. n. 1 (1863). Callidea gucunda, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 44. n. 66 (1867).
Chrysocorts melanophora.
Callidea melanophora, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 518 (1868). Callidea sodalis, Walk. loc. e’t. p. 513,
Chrysocoris purpureus.
Calhidea purpurea, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 15 (1837). Chrysocoris viridis, Atkins, Notes Ind. Rhynch. Heter. ii. p. 175 (1887).
Chrysocoris partita.
Calhidea partita, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 40. n, 55 (1867). Var. Callidea galerucoides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 48. n. 61.
Genus LAMPROCORIS. Lamprocoris lateralis.
Scutellera lateralis, Guér, Voy. Coq., Ins. pp 159, 160 (1830). Callidea contraria, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 30. n. 21 (1867).
Lamprocoris Roylit.
Callidea Roylit, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 16 (1837), Callidea histeroides, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 28. n, 16 (1867). Callidea scripta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 29. n. 17.
Callidea gibbula, Walk. loc, cit. p. 29. n. 18,
Genus CRYPTACRUS.
Cryptacrus rufopicta, Callidea rufopicta, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 26, n. 2 (1867),
40 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Genus GRAPTOCORIS.
Graptocoris aulicus.
Pachycoris aulicus, Germ. in Silberm. Rev. v. p. 189 (1837). Var. Cherocoris personatus, Stal, Gifv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1853, p. 210. Cryptacrus sgnifer, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 11. n. 3 (1867).
Graptocoris grandis, sp. n.
Orange-yellow ; head, antenna, two very large discal spots to pronotum (extending from base to near anterior margin, only slightly separated and nearly occupying the whole of disk), scutellum with two small spots near base, two large and fused transverse spots at centre, and two similar spots before apex, costal margin of corium and apex of mem- brane, sternum (excluding lateral margins of prosternum and base of metasternum), large central and marginal spots to abdomen, and the legs bluish black.
Body broad, somewhat transversely flattened, sparingly and finely punctate.
Long. 17 millim.; exp. pronot. angl. 11 millim.
Hab, Central Africa: Yambuya, River Aruwimi (Stanley Expedition). Coll. Dist.
Genus CALLIDEA.
Callidea purpurascens.
Libyssa purpurascens, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 509 (1868). Libyssa Westwoodi, Vollenh. Versl. Ak. Amst. Nat. (2) ii, p. 175 (1868).
Genus CALLISCYTA.
Calliscyta australis, sp. n.
Head dark indigo-blue, apices of the lateral lobes reddish ; eyes ochraceous. Pronotum castaneous, with dark indigo shadings and with a central longitudinal irregular yellowish fascia. Scutellum castaneous, dark and shaded with blue on basal area, paler and ochraceous at apical area; a short oblique curved yellow fascia at each basal angle and two rounded blackish spots before apex. Head beneath and sternum dark indigo-blue; legs castaneous; coxe and _tro- chanters ochraceous. Abdomen sanguineous, with a lateral series of transverse stigmatal spots and a large subapical spot bluish black.
Head finely punctate; pronotum and basal two thirds
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 41
of scutellum coarsely punctate. Antenne and rostrum mutilated.
Long. 13 millim.
Hab. Queensland. (Type, Brit. Mus.)
Genus M ACRAULAX.
This genus, which Dallas founded on two Australian specimens which he identified, and as I can only consider correctly, as the Pachycoris bipunctatus, H.-Schiff., is now generally sunk as a synonym of the genus Tetyra, and Herr.-Schiffer’s name applied to a Central and North- American species. I have searched the record-book of the British Museum, and no doubt seems to exist that Dallas’s specimens came from Australia and formed part of ‘ Harring- ton’s collection.”’ On the other hand, these specimens agree with Stal’s description of Texan and Mexican species he examined, viz. :—‘ Rostro paullo pone medium ventris ex- tenso ; ventre ultra medium sulcato.” It is, however, more than unlikely that the same species is found in both Central America and Australia, and nowhere else.
Genus PACHYCORIS.
Pachycoris chrysomelinus. _Pachycoris chrysomelinus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 52. n. 38 (1867).
Genus POLYTES. Polytes propinquus. Pachycoris propinquus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 50. n. 30 (1867),
Polytes inca, sp. n.
Ochraceous ; head with four longitudinal black fasciz, two central and a short one on the inner side of each eye; pro- notum with three double series of black spots, between which series are some smaller black spots arranged in linear manner, some similar spots near lateral margin; scutellum with irre- gular black markings, consisting principally of three large basal spots and a waved transverse fascia across disk, the remaining area with small spots and streaks of the same colour. Margins of corium spotted with black. Body be- neath and legs pale ochraceous; head with a lateral streak in front of each eye, some marginal spots to prosternum, femoral and tibial streaks, tarsi, apex of rostrum, and a sublateral series of stigmatal spots to abdomen black. Antenne with
42 Mr. W. L. Distant on
the three basal joints black, first ochraceous at base, remaining joints mutilated. Rostrum reaching the third abdominal segment.
Long. 10 millim.; lat. 7 millim.
Hab. Peru (coll. Dist.).
Polytes granulatus. Symphylus granulatus, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 516 (1868).
I place this species in the genus Polytes, though Stal’s diagnosis of that genus is very obscure. In his original description (Gifv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1867, p. 492) he gives the type (‘ Pachycoris hebraicus, P. B., ad hoc genus est refe- rendus”). But in his subsequent ‘ Knumeratio Hemipte- rorum,’ i. p. 10, he places hebrazcus in the genus Diolcus, Mayr. Both genera stand in his ‘ Enumeratio,’ and no further explanation is given.
Genus ASCANIUS. Ascanius cassidoides. Pachycoris cassidotdes, Walk, Cat. Het. i. p. 48. n. 16 (1867).
Genus ACHATES. Achates trinotatus. Dachycoris trinotatus, Walk. Cat. Het. 1. p. 51. n. 85 (1867). Achates ramosus, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-Het. Suppl. p. 311, pl. xxx. fig. 4 (1889).
Achates vittatus. Symphylus vittatus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 55, n. 10 (1867).
Achates leucotelus. Pachycoris leucotelus, Walk. Cat. Het. 1. p. 62. n, 86 (1867).
Achates neotropicalis, sp. n.
Ochraceous, spotted and striped with castaneous.
Head sparingly and coarsely punctate; two castaneous spots at base; eyes castaneous, apical half of central lobe and the antenne black. Pronotum coarsely and sparingly punctate, with the lateral angles and five central fascie casta- neous, of which the outermost on each side is bent and does not reach the anterior margin. Scutellum coarsely and sparingly punctate, with two central longitudinal fascie, on each of which is a broken fascia consisting of three spots and
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 43
a basal sublateral fascia castaneous. Body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen dark castaneous, its disk pitchy, its lateral and apical margins ochraceous. Rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.
Long. 7 millim.
Hab. Amazons, Madeira River (coll. Dist.).
Genus ORSILOCHUS.
Orsilochus divergens. Symphylus divergens, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 516 (1868).
Genus DIOLCUS.
Diolcus Boscit. Cimex Boscit, Faby. Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 529. 27, 28 (1708). Symphylus politus, Walk. Cat. Het. iil. p. 518 (1868).
Walker’s type is in a mutilated condition, wanting the abdomen. It seems, however, to pertain to the Fabrician species.
Genus DYSTUS.
Dystus scitulus. Agonosoma scitula, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 60. n. 9 (1867).
Genus AGONOSOMA.
Agonosoma trilineata.
Cimezx trilineatus, Fabr. Spec. Ins. ii. p. 841 (1781).
Agonosoma flavolineata, Uhler (nec Lap.), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 169.
The specimens identified by Mr. Uhler as A. flavolineata, and which are now in the collection of the British Museum, are typical A. trilineata, Fabr. No specimens of Laporte’s species were in any of the Antillean collections worked by Mr. Uhler. The two specimens described as A. trelineata, var. (loc, cit. p. 170), are the varietal form quadriguttata, Sign.
Genus LOBOTHYREUS.
Lobothyreus lobatus. Pachycoris lobata, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 12 (1837). Pachycoris apicalis, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 50. n. 82 (1867). Symphylus signatus, Walk. loc, ett. 111, p. 517 (1868),
44 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Genus SPHYROCORIS.
Sphyrocoris obliquus.
Pachycoris obliquus, Germar, Zeitschr. i. p. 94 (1889). Pachycoris delineatus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 48. n. 17 (1867).
Genus SYMPHYLUS.
Symphylus deplanatus. Pachycoris deplanatus, Herr.-Schaff. Wanz. iv. p. 3, fig. 344 (1889). Symphylus apicifer, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 516 (1868). Symphylus bipustulatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 517.
Symphylus rivulosus.
Pachycoris rivulosus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 51. n. 34 (1867). 5. 1.
sa Symphylus plagiatus, Walk. loc. ett. p. 5 113
Symphylus cyphnotdes.
Pachycoris cyphnoides, Walk. Cat. Het. 1. ee n. 31 (1867). Symphylus vernus, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-Het. Suppl. p. 315, pl. xxix. fig. 25 (1889).
Symphylus leucospilus. Pachycoris leucospilus, Walk, Cat. Het. i. p. 51. n, 33 (1867),
Symphylus obtusus. Symphylus obtusus, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 87 (1851). Symphylus gibbosus, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch.-Het. p. 23, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1880).
Although I carefully compared the Mexican specimen be- longing to Dr. Signoret with the single type specimen of Dallas from Colombia before describing it as a new species, another specimen has been received from Panama, and although the size of the specimens differ and, by implication, also the shape, I think they are better united as one species.
Symphylus divergens. Symphylus divergens, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 517 (1868),
The single type specimen is in very bad condition, but seemingly appertains to the genus Symphylus.
Note.-—Walker described two different species under the above name on consecutive pages of his list. The first (p. 516) is an Orstlochus, the second (supra) is apparently a Symphylus.
Scutellerinee and Graphosomine. 45
Genus 'TESTRINA. Testrina, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 61 (1867). This genus may be placed near Galeacius, Dist.
Testrina laticollis. Testrina laticollis, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 61 (1867).
Genus CAMIRUS.
Camirus conicus.
Pachycoris conicus, Germ. Zeitschr. i. p. 106 (1839). Symphylus oculatus, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 519 (1868).
Camirus brevilineus. Bolbocoris brevilineus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 63. n. 8 (1867).
Genus Horea.
Hotea subfasciata. Trigonosoma subfasciatum, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 11 (1887). Hotea melanaria, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 56. n. 3 (1867).
Hotea nigrorufa. Hotea nigrorufa, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 57. n. 6 (1867).
Hotea circumeincta, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 57. n. 8 (1867). The type is no longer contained under this name in the
British Museum. It was described as from Penang, where
Hl, curculionoides, Herr.-Schiiff., is the common species. Walker most probably corrected himself without comment.
Hotea curculionoides. Pachycoris curculionordes, Herr.-Schatf. Wanz, Ins. iii. p. 106, fig. 331 (1835). Hotea nasuta, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 58. n. 9 (1867),
Genus DEROPLAX.
Deroplax diffusa. Hotea? diffusa, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 57. n. 7 (1867).
Genus PHIMODERA.
Phimodera torpida. Phimodera torpida, Walk. Cat, Het. i. p. 75, n. 4 (1867).
46 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Genus EURYGASTER. Eurygaster sinicus. Eurygaster sinicus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 67. n. 9 (1867).
Genus MACROCARENUS. Macrocarenus scutellatus, sp. n.
Dull ochraceous, scutellum narrowly margined with pale luteous. Head faintly rugulose, the central lobe and the outer margins of the lateral lobes a little darker in hue; eyes fuscous; antenne brownish ochraceous. Pronotum some- what thickly and finely punctate, basal area shaded with pale fuscous ; two large transverse foveate callosities on anterior area; posterior lateral angles subprominent and somewhat nodulose. Scutellum testaceous at base and with a small yellowish spot near each basal angle; the testaceous area is slightly rugulose, basal angles and whole central area coarsely and darkly punctate. Corium sparingly but coarsely and darkly punctate. Connexivum thickly, finely, and darkly punctate, its extreme outer margin pale luteous, the seg- mental incisures fuscous. Body beneath and legs pale luteous; abdomen and legs speckled with brownish. Ros- trum reaching the posterior coxe.
Long. 6 millim.
Hab. Australia, Peak Downs (coll. Dist.).
Less elongate, more convex, and different in coloration to M. acuminatus, Dall., the only other at present described species of the genus.
Genus AUGOCORIS.
Augocoris rugulosus.
Augocoris rugulosus, Herr.-Schaff. Wanz. Ins. iv. p. 92, fig. 432 (1839). Pachycoris quadristriga, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 52. n. 37 (1867).
Genus MELANODEMA. Melanodema apicifera, sp. n.
Black ; apex of the scutellum with a very distinct irregular, longitudinal, pale ochraceous spot. Pronotum and scutellum with a distinct central, longitudinal, carinate line.
Allied to M. carbonaria, Jakowleff, but larger; apical pale spot to scutellum much larger; pronotum less foveate ; scutellum much less foveate at basal margin; central carina to pronotum and scutellum distinct.
Long. 9 millim.
Hab, Bombay (Dr. Leith, coll. Dist.).
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 47
A single specimen contained in Dr. Leith’s Indian collec- tion has been in my possession for the last twenty years, and I have refrained from describing it on account of the imperfect condition of the legs and antenne. As, however, the only other species of the genus is from Turkestan, it seems a pity to still refrain from recording its Oriental congener.
MorBoRA, gen. nov.
Allied to Odontoscelis, but body more convex; lateral margins of head and pronotum strongly and longly spinous. Head with the eyes sessile, its frontal and apical lateral margins longly spinous; between the eyes and this anterior spinous margin is a distinct lateral peduncle with its extre- mity spinous; lateral lobe moderately convex and elevated. Pronotum with the lateral margins laminate and longly spinous, acutely truncate before the eyes. Abdomen with the lateral margins shortly spinous ; abdomen beneath with an oblique sericeous patch on each side and situate on the third, fourth, and fifth segments. Rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.
Morbora australis, sp. n.
Brownish ochraceous ; head coarsely and darkly punctate, with a central ochraceous fascia more or less margined with black; pronotum with its anterior area somewhat irregularly foveate, its posterior area a little paler and darkly punctate. Scutellum thickly and coarsely punctate. Body beneath and legs brownish ochraceous; abdomen with a dull black seri- ceous patch on each side of disk ; femora with an ochraceous spot beneath a little before apex.
Long. 6 millim.
Hab. Australia, Peak Downs (coll, Dist.).
GRAPHOSOMINA.
Genus ‘’RIGONOSOMA. Trigonosoma Fischert,
Trigonosoma Fischeri, Herr.-Schaff. Wanz. Ins. ix. p. 331 (1853).
Trigonosoma Desfontainit, Dall. (nec Fabr.) List Hem, i. p. 46. n. 1 (1851). ;
Trigonosoma falcata, Walk. (nec Cyrillo) Cat. Het.i. p. 64. n. 1 (1867).
Trigonosoma Fischeri, Walk. loc. cit. p. 65. n. 5.
Trigonosoma confusum, Kirby, Journ, Linn. Soe., Zool. vol. xxiv. p. 17
(1891).
Ceylon is certainly a wrong locality for this species.
48 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Genus BoLsocoris. Bolbocoris reticulatus.
Bolbocoris ? reticulatus, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 45. n. 2 (1851). Eurygaster incomptus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 67. n. 10 (1867).
Genus ANCYROSOMA.
Ancyrosoma affine. Trigonosoma affine, Westw. in Hope Cat. Hem. i. p. 12 (1887).
Closely allied to A. albolineata, Fabr., but with the second longitudinal carina on each half of the scutellum nearly straight, not strongly waved.
Genus Popops.
Podops limosa. Podops limosus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 72. n. 17 (1867).
Walker appends to his description the remark :—“ The colour distinguishes it from P. niger (Dall.), with which it agrees in structure.” This is totally incorrect, the P. niger, Dall., having the lateral margins of the pronotum convexly sinuate and reflexed. In structure P. limosa resembles P. coarctata, Walk., but can be recognized by some longitu- dinal series of punctures to the scutellum.
Podops coarctata. Cimex coarctatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 530 (1798). Scotinophara coarctata, Atkins, Notes Ind. Rhynch. Heter. ii. p. 195 (1887). Podops spinosus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 73. n. 18 (1867). Podups nasalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 73. n. 19. Podops exacta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 74. n. 24.
Podops spinifera.
Podops spinifera, Westw. in Hope, Cat. Hem. i. p. 16 (1837). Podops funestus, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 521 (1868).
Podops asper, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 72. n. 10 (1867).
This species is founded on two specimens; the condition of both, however, is so deplorable that at present nothing definite can be said as to specific validity or generic correctness.
Scutellerinee and Graphosomine. 49
Podops conspersus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 71 (1867).
Does not belong to the Graphosominz at all, and will be located subsequently.
Summarized Disposition of Walker's Genera and Species. Scutellerineg and Graphosominz.
Genera considered valid.
Fitha, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 45 (1867). Testrina, Walk. loc. cit. p. 61. Testrica, Walk. loc. cit. p. 69.
Genera treated as synonymic.
Sophela, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 17 (1867),= Zamprocoris, Stal. Teressa, Walk. loc. cit. p. 118, = Brachycerocoris, Costa.
Species considered valid and described under correct Genera.
Coleotichus nigrovarius, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 2. n. 5 (1867), discrepans, Walls. loc. cit. p. 2. n. 7.
excellens, Walk. loc. cit. p. 3. n. 8.
Spherocoris annulatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 6. n. 14. Pecilocoris saturatus, Walk. loc. ert. p. 10. n. 17. Tetrarthria varia, Walk. loc. cit. p. 18. n. 1. flexuosa, Walk. loc. cit. p. 21. n. 12.
— maculata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 22. n. 14.
amena, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 508 (1868).
Fitha ardens, Walk. loc. cit. i. p. 45. n. 1 (1867). Pachycoris chrysomelinus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 52. n. 38. Symphylus divergens, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 517 (1868). ramivitta, Walk. loc, cit. p. 518.
Hotea nigrorufa, Walk. loc. cit. i. p. 57. n. 6 (1867), Testrina laticollis, Walk. loc. ctt. p. 61.
Eurygaster sinicus, Walk. lve, cit. p. 67. n. 9. Testrica antica, Walk. loc. cit. p. 70.
Phimodera torpida, Walk. loc. cit. p. 75, n. 4.
Species considered valid, but requiring generic revision. Spherocoris cyaneosparsus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 6. n. 17 (1867), belongs
to gen. Hyperoncus. circuliferus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 7. un. 18, belongs to gen. Damedlia,
gen. Nov. Tetrarthria fasciata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 20. n. 9, belongs to gen. Calliphara. peltophoroides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 22. n. 18, ‘i Chrysocoris,
Jlagrans, Walk. loe. cit. p. 24. n. 19, belongs to gen. Calliphara.
Libyssa purpurascens, Walk. (oc, cit. iii. p. 509 (1868), belongs to gen, Callidea.
Callidea rufopicta, Walk. loc, cit. i. p. 26. n. 2 (1867), belongs to gen. Cryptacrus.
—— spilogastra, Walk. loc. cit. p. 80. n. 22, belongs to gen. Chrysocoris,
balteata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 34. n. 40, belongs to gen. Philia.
subapicalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 36. n. 45, ee e
femorata, Walk. loc. cit, p. 38. n, 49, Pe .
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. iv. 4
50 Mr. W. L. Distant on
Callidea quadrinotata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 38. n. 51, belongs to gen. Calh- hara. cera Walk. loc. cit. p. 40. n. 55, belongs to gen. Chrysocoris. erythrina, Walk. loc. cit. p. 44. n. 64, ne Philia. melanophora, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 518 (1868), belongs to gen. Chry- socoris. distinguenda, Walk. loc. cit. p. 514, belongs to gen. Phila. Pachycoris cassidoides, Walk. loc. cit. i. p. 48. n. 16 (1867), belongs to gen. Ascanius. propinguus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 50, n. 30, belongs to gen. Polytes. cyphonoides, Walk. loc, cit. p. 50. n. 31, 4 Symphy/us. leucospilus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 51. n. 38, rivulosus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 51. n. 34, — trinotatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 51. n. 35, leucotelus, Walk. loe. cit. p. 52. n. 36, Symphylus vittatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 55. n. 10, 5 i granulatus, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 516 (1868), belongs to gen. Polytes.
” ”
” f Achates. ” ”
—— divergens, Walk. loc. cit. p. 516 (nee p. 517), 7 Orsilo- chus.
Hotea? diffusa, Walk. loc. cit. 1. p. 57. n. 7 (1868), 5 Dero- plax.
Agonosoma scitula, Walk. loc. cit. p. 60. n. 9, belongs to gen. Dystus. Bolbocoris brevilinea, Walk. loc. cit, p. 68. n. 8, % Camirus.
Species treated as synonymic.
Coleotichus sordidus, Walk, Cat. Het. i. p. 1. n. 4 (1867),=C. fuscus, Vollenh. testaceus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 2. n. 6,=C. artensis, Montr. Pecilocoris anisospilus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 9. n. 11,=P. Hardwicki, Westw. melanocephalus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 10. n. 16,= Chrysocoris atricapillus, Guér. Cryptacrus signifer, Walk. loc. cit. p. 11. n. 3,= Graptocoris aulicus, Germ., var. personatus, Stal. erotyloides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 11. n. 4,=Anoplogonius nigricollis, Sign., var. silphoides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 12. n. 5,= Anoplogonius nigricollis, Sign., var. Tectocoris pusillus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 18. n. 8,= 7. lineola, Fabr. obliquus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 18. n. 4,= 7. lineola, Fabr., near var. diopthalmus, Thunb. Cantao bandanus, Walk. Cat, Hem. Het. i. p, 14. n. 4 (1867),=C. purpu- ratus, Westw. inscitus, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 506 (1868),= C. rudis, Vollenh. conscitus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 507,=C. rudis, Vollenh. Scutellera cyaneovitta, Walk. loc. cit. 1. p. 16. n. 7 (1867),= Brachyaulax oblonga, Westw. —— buprestoides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 16. n. 8,= Brachyaulax oblonga, Westw., var. maculigera, Walk. loc. cit. p. 16. n. 9,= Brachyaulaz oblonga, Westw. —— pubescens, Walk. loc. cit. ii. p. 507 (1868),= Brachyaulax oblonga, Westw. Tetrarthria lineata, Walk. loc. cit. i, p. 18. n. 2 (1867),=T7. variegata, Dall., var. — tetraspila, Walk. loc. cit. p. 19. n. 8,= Chrysocoris grandis, Thunb. congrua, Walk. loc. ett. p. 20. n. 7,= 7. variegata, Dall., var.
Scutellerine and Graphosomine. 51
Tetrarthria rutila, Walk. loc. cit. p. 20. n. 8, = Chrysocoris quadri- maculatus, Vollenh., var. Schlegeli, Vollenh. sobria, Walk. loc. cit. p. 21. n. 10, = Calliphara praslinia, Guér. lateralis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 21. n. 11,= 7. variegata, Dall., var. cleroides, Walk. oc. cit. p. 23. n. 15,= Chrysocoris quadrimaculatus, Vollenh. —— nigra, Walk. loc. cit. p. 23. n. 16,= Calliphara praslinia, Guér. basalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 23. n. 17, T. maculata, Walk. mesozona, Walk. loc. cit. p. 24. n. 18, = Chrysocoris sellatus, White. Calhidea histeroides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 23. n. 16,=Lamprocoris Roylit, Westw. scripta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 29. n. 17,= Lamprocoris Roylit, Westw. — gibbula, Walk. loc. cit. p. 29. n. 18,= Lamprocoris Royli, Westw. porphyricola, Walk. loc. cit. p. 29. n. 19, = Chrysocoris Stollit, Wolff. contraria, Walk. loc. cit. p. 30. n. 21,= Lamprocoris lateralis, Guér. erythrospila, Walk. loc. cit. p. 33. n. 38, = Calliphara regalis, Fabr. — semirufa, Walk. loc. cit. p. 34. n. 39,= Calliphara regalis, Fabr. — binotata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 34. n. 41,=Chrysocoris sellatus, White, var. chromatica, White. — biplaga, Walk. loc. cit. p. 35. n. 42,= Calliphara regalis, Fabr. laticineta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 35. n. 43,= Calliphara dimidiata, Dall. ampla, Walk. loc. cit. p. 35, n. 44,= Chrysocoris atricapillus, Guér., var. variabilis, Vollenh. — fulgida, Walk. loc. cit. p. 36. n. 46,= Philia fastuosa, Vollenh. solita, Walk. loc. cit, p. 36. n. 47,= Phiha fastuosa, Vollenh. —— munda, Walk. loc. cit. p. 37. n. 48,= Phiia jactator, Stal. tessellata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 38. n. 50,= Chrysocoris coxalis, Stal. ebenina, Walk. loc. cit. p. 39. n. 52,= Calliphara praslinia, Guér., var. —— proxima, Walk. loc. cit. p. 39. n. 53,= Chrysocoris coxalis, Stal. curtula, Walk. loc. cit, p. 39. n. 54,= Philia femorata, Walk. collaris, Walk. loc. cit. p. 40. n. 56,= Phila femorata, Walk. discoidalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 41. 0. 57,= Philia fastuosa, Vollenh. Jtammigera, Walk. loc, cit. p. 42. n. 59, = Philia ditissima, Vollenh. sulaca, Walk. loc, cit. p. 42. n. 60, = Philia jactator, Stal. galerucoides, Walk. loc. cit. p. 43. n. 61,= Carysocoris partita, Walk., var. Jucunda, Walk. loc. cit. p. 44. n. 66,= Chrysocoris Germari, Erichs., var. consul, Vollenh. sodalis, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 513 (1868), = Chrysocoris melanophora, Walk. quadrifera, Walk. loc. cit. p. 514,= Calliphara bifasciata, White. Pachycoris guttipes, Walk. loc. cit, i. p. 47. n. 11 (1867),= Tetyra farcta, Germ. -— delineatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 48. n. 17,=Sphyrocoris obliquus, Germ. apicalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 50. n. 32, = Lobothyreus lobatus, Westw. quadristriga, Walk. loc, cit. p. 52. n. 387,=Augocoris ruguiosus, H.-S. Symphylus plagiatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 55. n. 11,=S. rivulosus, Walk. apicifer, Walk. loc. cit, ili. p. 516 (1868),=S. deplanatus, H.-S. bipustulatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 517,=S. deplanatus, H.-S. signatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 517,= Lobothyreus lobatus, Westw. politus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 518, =Droleus Bosen, Fabr, oculatus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 519,= Camirus conicus, Germ. Hotea melanaria, Walk. loc, cit. i, p. 56. n, 3 (1867),=H. subfasciata, Westw. 4*
52 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
Hotea picea, Walk. loc. cit. p. 56. n. 4,= Deroplax cireumducta, Germ. nasuta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 58. n. 9,= H. curculionordes, H.-S. Euryaster incomptus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 67. n. 10, = Bolbocoris reticulatus, Dall. Podops conspersus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 71. 0.9. Not belonging to either of the subfamilies here treated. asper, Walk. loc. cit. p. 72. n. 10. Condition too bad for identifica- tion. spinosus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 73. n. 18,=P. courctata, Fabr. nasalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 73. n. 19,= P. coarctata, Fabr. exactus, Walk. loc. cit. p. 74. n. 24,= P. coarctata, Fabr. Funestus, Walk. loc. cit. iii. p. 521 (1868),= P. spinifera, Westw. Teressa terranea, Walk. loc. cit. i. p. 118. n. 1 (1867),=Brachycerocoris camelus, Costa.
To be treated as non-existent.
Species the types of which are not now to be found in the British Museum.
Pecilocoris plenisignatus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 9. n. 13 (1867). Tectocoris amboinensis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 14. n. 5.
Scutellera humeralis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 17. n. 10.
Hotea circumeincta, Walk. loc. cit. p. 57. n. 8.
Podops terricolor, Walk. loc. cit. p. 71. n. 8.
Species the types of which are supposed to be in Australia.
Bolbocoris mimicus, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p. 63, n, 6 (1867). National Museum, Melbourne. subpunctatus, Walk. loc, cit. p. 63. n. 7. National Museum, Mel- bourne, Podops teter, Walk. loc. cit. p. 74. n. 23. National Museum, Melbourne. Spherocoris subnotatus, Walk. loc. cit. ii. p. 505 (1868). National Mu- seum, Melbourne.
Il].—Deseription of a new Genus and some new Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera from the Oriental Zoological Region. By P. CAMERON.
Sapygide.
This family may now be added to the fauna of the Oriental zoological region. It is of small extent. The few species known hitherto are from Europe and North America.
Polochrum flavicolle, sp. n. Nigrum, flavo-maculatum ; pedibus nigris, femoribus supra flavo- maculatis ; alis fere hyalinis, apice fumatis.
Long. 12mm. 9.
Antenne black, the scape and second joint yellow beneath ;
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 53
the scape covered with long white hair; the flagellum almost bare. Head black, strongly and deeply rugosely punctured and rather thickly covered with white hair; the eye-incision and the lower orbits, a small line on the inner orbits above, the sides of the clypeus, a mark above it triangularly nar- rowed on the top, and an interrupted line on the middle of the front, fulvous yellow. Pro- and mesothorax rugosely punc- tured, the median segment more closely and finely punctured ; the base of the pronotum, a large oval inner and a smaller outer mark on the sides of the scutellum, a larger more elon- gate mark opposite the tegule, a narrow line on the sides of the postscutellum, and a mark on the mesopleuree under the fore wings, fulvous yellow. — Legs black, thickly covered with white hair; the apex of the fore femora, the apical part of the middle and the greater part of the hinder femora yellow above. Wings hyaline; the radial and the upper part of the cubital cellules to a less extent smoky; the stigma and ner- vures are black; the first transverse cubital nervure is curved, the others are straight, oblique; the first recurrent is received in the middle, the second in the basal fourth of the cellule. Abdomen shining, smooth ; the base of the third and fourth segments and the greater part of the last three segments above lemon-yellow. The pygidium is keeled down the middle, as is also the basal half of the last ventral segment; the basal three ventral segments are incised in the middle, the basal not so distinctly as the other two; in the middle of the second segment is an oval yellow mark; the third has the sides yellow at the base.
I place this species in Polochrum rather than in Sapyga because the third cubital cellule is not narrowed at the top and because the antenne are not so distinctly clavate. In the species here described the antenne are scarcely so long as the thorax and the flagellum is not distinctly narrowed at the base.
Khasia Hills,
Sphegide. Sceliphron tibiale, sp. n.
Long. 19-20 mm. In Bingham’s table (Faun. Brit. Ind., Hym. p. 236) this
species comes into ‘‘ A. Colours black and yellow,” “a. Meso- notum striate,” and “ 57, Comparatively small (16-18 mm.),” ~ which will be now divided :—
54 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
Legs yellow, the apical half of the femora and tibize
RIES 1 5. scan ecg seth tees dk pis Ole Man pica alts aera madraspatanum. Legs rufous, the hinder femora above and the hinder ii bres entirely black... 5 S08. en 45%. «a meee tibiale.
Head black, the greater part of the clypens yellow; the apex of the clypeus and the mandibles ferruginous; the front, vertex, and occiput thickly covered with long pale fulvous hair ; the cheeks with golden pubescence ; the clypeus sparsely with long fuscous hair. The clypeus at the apex roundly bilobate, bare; the mandibles black at the base and apex; the palpirufo-testaceous, black at the base. The scape of the antenne rufous; the flagellum black, the apex of the third joint and the fourth on the underside rufous. Thorax black; a line on the pronotum above, a large trans- verse mark (rounded and narrowed at the ends), two oblique marks (broad at the base, narrowed towards the apex) on the end of the basal lobe of the median segment, the apex of the segment broadly, the tegule, tubercles, a mark under them (narrow and oblique at the top, larger and more trian- gular below), and a triangular mark under the hind wings yellow. The pronotum is depressed in the middle above; the mesonotum is closely transversely striated, covered with long fuscous hair ; the scutellum closely longitudinally striated, most strongly on the sides. Median segment thickly covered with long fuscous hair; the basal part distinctly raised and separated from the apical, broadly furrowed down the middle of the basal part ; the apical deeply triangularly depressed at the apex. Propleurze smooth, deeply excavated in the middle behind ; the mesopleuree and metapleure closely and slightly obliquely striated, the latter more strongly towards the apex. Wings tulvo-hyaline, distinctly smoky at the apex; the costa and stigma testaceous, the nervures paler. All the coxa and trochanters are black ; the rest of the legs rufous; the femora broadly black at the base above; the tibize black above; the posterior femora black above, the tibize entirely black; the basal two joints of the tarsi black at the apex, the other joints entirely black; the calearia with a thick brush on the basal half. Petiole black, shorter than the rest of the abdomen ; the apex of the second segment broadly, of the others more narrowly yellow ; the apical almost entirely rufous, smooth above, the sides coarsely punctured,
A distinct species.
Khasia Hills.
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 5d
CZNOPSEN, gen. nov.
?. Comes nearest to Psen, with which it agrees in the neuration of the wings and in the form of the abdomen, but may be readily known from that genus by the second joint of the antennez (pedicle) being not small, but as long as the third joint ; the antenne themselves are longer, more slender, and not dilated towards the apex, resembling more those of a male than of a female.
Antenne distinctly longer than the head and_ thorax united ; all the joints elongate; the scape as long as the second joint, slightly curved. yes large, reaching near to the base of the mandibles, parallel on the lower half; the ocelli :.* Clypeus roundly convex, its apex transverse and depressed in the middle. Labrum small, rounded. Man- dibles? Parapsidal furrows obsolete. Base of median segment depressed, the depression clearly defined, striated, the rest of the segment irregularly reticulated. Tarsi pilose, without spines, the base of the anterior roundly incised ; the anterior spur curved, bifid at the apex; the outer spur of the posterior curved, dilated at the base, the inner spur shorter and narrower. Anterior wings with three transverse cubital nervures; the first recurrent nervure is received in the basal fourth of the cellule, the second is interstitial. In the hind wings the transverse anal nervure is received beyond the cubital. Abdomen with a long curved petiole, which is as long as its dilated apex and the second segment united; the apical ventral segments are fringed with stiff hairs, and more particularly the fourth. Pygidial area smooth, keeled late- rally.
The head behind the eyes is obliquely narrowed and is there nearly as long as the eyes; the occiput is sharply margined. The antenne are placed opposite the middle of the eyes; between them is a short distinct keel, narrowed at the top and bottom ; the coxe and trochanters of moderate size; the mesosternum furrowed down the apex; the tubercles are large and are placed distinctly in front of the tegule; the eyes have a narrowed but distinct furrow surrounding them; the episternal furrow on the mesopleure is distinct, wide, and deep ; the pronotum is clearly separated from the mesonotum ; the scutellum and postscutellum large, not much raised.
Cenopsen fuscinervis, sp. n. Niger; capite thoraceque dense pilosis; alis hyalinis, stigmate
nervisque fuscis. Q. Long. 10 mm.
Antenne stout, twice the length of the thorax, the apical
56 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
joints slightly dilated on the lower side, the second joint as long as the third; the scape sparsely covered with white hair; the flagellum bare. Head shining; the face, clypeus, and labrum thickly covered with silvery hair; the front and vertex strongly and closely punctured except near the eyes, and thickly covered with long fuscous hair. Mesonotum strongly and closely punctured ; the parapsidal furrows only indicated at the base. ‘The scutellum is not so strongly punctured as the mesonotum ; on the outer side of the post- scutellum is a distinct slightly convex keel. In the centre of the basal area of the median segment are two stout straigit keels ; the rest of it with stout oblique keels; the apex of the segment is almost perpendicular and is furrowed down the middle; in the middle, on either side, are three stout oblique keels, ending at the edge in three small areew. Pro- and mesopleure smooth ; the tubercles fringed behind by white pubescence ; on the base of the mesopleure is a wide deep furrow which is bent in the middle; the longitudinal furrow is narrow: the base of the metapleure is depressed ; on the lower side is a narrow oblique furrow; the apex is irregu- larly stoutly reticulated ; in front of this part are some longi- tudinal keels. Mesosternum shining, smooth, the central furrow shallow, wide, at the base closely transversely striated. Legs black, covered with longish white hair; the calcaria fulvous. ‘The stigma and nervures are fuscous, the former with amore rufous tint; the first cubital cellule is about one half the length of the third; the first recurrent nervure is received in the basal fourth of the cellule, the second is inter- stitial. Abdomen smooth and shining; the narrowed part of the petiole longer than its dilated apex and the second segment united, smooth, its sides covered with long white hair; the second ventral segment has a deep furrow at the base, this furrow occupying the entire base, and at the sides is covered with white hair; the apices of the third and fourth ventral segments are fringed with longish hair.
Khasia [ills.
Dolichurus reticulatus, sp. n.
Niger, longe albo-hirsutus ; alis hyalinis, stigmate fusco. g. Long. 8 mm.
Antenne as long as the body, black, the apical joints distinctly narrowed and more or less brownish; the scape covered with black hair; the flagellum bare. Head black except for the apex of the antennal tubercle, which is yellowish white ; the vertex is smooth and impunctate; the
Srom the Oriental Zoological Region. 57
front reticulated distinctly and more closely from the middle of the ocellar region; the face and clypeus thickly covered with long white hair and keeled in the middle. Mandibles smooth, testaceous near the apex; the palpi pilose, dark fuscous. Thorax black, thickly covered with long white hair ; on either side of the pronotum above is a white tubercle- like mark. Median segment reticulated, the centre with two longish slightly oblique keels, bounded at the apex by a transverse one; the apex of the segment is oblique. Post- scutellum stoutly longitudinally striated. Pro- and meso- pleuree smooth ; the metapleurz obliquely striated. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; the nervures are paler than the costa or stigma; the first transverse cubital nervure is obliquely curved above and has, at the angle thus formed, a distinct branch at the base. Abdomen shining, closely but not strongly punctured; the third segment is depressed at the apex and closely transversely striated; the ventral segments are closely punctured, the apex of the third is depressed and striated at the sides.
D. bipunctatus, Bingham, from Burma, comes near to this species, but may be known from it by the head in front being densely punctured, not reticulated. The sides of the meso- notum at the base are raised near to the tegule, which are edged with white at the base; the antennal lamina is trian- gularly depressed in the middle, its apex not quite transverse ; the furrow on the centre of the mesosternum is distinct, the lateral one is narrower and indistinct towards the apex. This makes the fourth species of Dolichurus known from India.
Khasia Hills.
Ampulex (thinopsis) nigricans, sp. n.
Niger, abdominis apice rufo ; alis hyalinis, apice fumato. 9. Long. 8 mm.
Comes into Bingham’s section ‘ B. a‘. Petiole linear at base, nodose at apex,” which is now divided :— ? 3
Thorax and lems entirely black. jv... os cies whe wee vos nigricans. Thorax for the greater part rufous, as are also the legs.. constancee,
Thorax and legs entirely black. Antenne almost bare, perceptibly thickened towards the apex, the third joint more than twice the length of the fourth. Head opaque, sparsely covered with short white pubescence; the vertex coarsely aciculated ; the front obscurely reticulated, indistinctly fur- rowed down the middle. Clypeus aciculated, shining at the
58 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
base, convex, the sides with an oblique slope; the apex in the middle ending in a stout triangular tooth. Eyes almost parallel, hardly converging at the top, where they are sepa- rated by slightly less than the length of the third antennal joint. Mesonotum aciculated ; the furrows deep, moderately wide, and stoutly and closely crenulated throughout ; there is another crenulated furrow along the sides. The three central keels on the metanotum reach near to the apex and end in a reticulated space; the central keel is straight; the outer curved, converging towards the apex; the space en- closed by them is transversely striated, the stria being dis- tinctly separated; the sides are more closely striated; the lateral apical tooth is large, smooth, rounded, and slightly narrowed on the top; the apex of the segment has an almost perpendicular slope and is thickly covered with short white pubescence, the upper half rough, the lower finely transversely striated and furrowed down the middle. The propleuree aciculated ; near the bottom is a narrow furrow, above the middle is a wider, deeper, crenulated furrow, which does not extend quite to the end. ‘The mesopleure opaque, hollowed above behind the tubercles, the middle with a broad belt of large deep irregular punctures; the lower edge is bordered by a distinct crenulated furrow. The upper half of the meta- pleuree largely reticulated, the lower smooth. Wings hyaline; there is a broad smoky band occupying the whole of the radial, of the second cubital, the apex of the first cubital, and extending on to the apex of the second discoidal; the appendicular cellule is distinct, elongate, open at the apex ; the first cubital cellule is, on the lower side, longer than the other two united; the first recurrent nervure is received in the middle, the second in the basal third of the cellule. Legs black ; the penultimate joint of the fore tarsi is more dilated than the others; the base of the metatarsus is slightly incised ; the claws bifid, the basal claw the smaller. Abdomen with the petiole as long as the dilated part of the segment, narrow, closely longitudinally striated, Khasia Hills.
Mutillide.
The species here described have been taken chiefly at Barrackpore, Bengal, by Mr. G. A. J. Rothney. It is un- fortunate that the male Mutillida should have to be described without reference to the females; but in our present state of knowledge there is no other course open tous. I am, how-
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 59
ever, glad to be able to fix beyond doubt the male of M. sea- maculata, one of the best-known of the Indian species.
I may take this opportunity of pointing out that Col. C. T. Bingham has omitted from his ‘ Fauna of British India, Hymenoptera,’ Mutilla indefensa, Cam., described by me (‘ Memoirs Lit. & Phil. Soc. Manch.’ xli. p. 63) from Bombay,
i. Clypeus bidentate. Mutilla bidens, sp. n.
Nigra, abdominis segmentis 1° et 2° rufis; clypeo emarginato ; alis fusco-violaceis, basi fere hyalinis. ¢. Long. 9-10 mm.
Scape of antenne shining, sparsely punctured, above with a few white hairs; the flagellum stout, distinctly tapering towards the apex; opaque, covered with a pale down; the third and fourth joints equal in length. Vertex shining, behind the ocelli coarsely and closely punctured, at their sides much more sparsely punctured; the ocellar region distinctly raised, strongly punctured all over; the ocelli are placed at the sides of the raised part. Clypeus raised gradually from the base to the apex, the sides also raised; the apex is deeply and roundly incised in the middle, the sides at the apex appearing as stout, large, bluntly triangular teeth; the apex on the lower side truncated. Mandibles with only one long apical tooth ; the tooth on the lower side behind the middle is large, the base is punctured and covered with long white hair. Pronotum coarsely punctured, its hinder edge dis- tinctly raised; the pleurz have some stout, irregular, oblique keels; in front of the tegule is a large patch of dense silvery pubescence ; the remainder is sparsely covered with long pale hair. Scutellum not much raised, shining, the sides bearing large, deep, widely separated punctures and long black hairs ; the middle is smooth and shining; there is a furrow down the base in the middle and a longer one, slightly narrowed in the middle, on the apical part. The basal half of the median segment has a thick covering of white pubescence which com- pletely hides the texture; the apex has an oblique slope, is reticulated and covered rather thickly with long fuscous hairs. Mesopleure coarsely punctured in the middle, thickly covered with longish white hair; the apical half of the metapleure reticulated. Legs thickly covered with white hair; the calcaria white. Wings fuscous, with a slight violaceous tinge, paler, more hyaline at the base, the nervures dark
60 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
fuscous, the radial cellule short and wide; the basal abscissa of the radius is sharply and distinctly angled above the middle; the apical is straight above, oblique below; the second and third cubital cellules are equal in length above ; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond, the second almost in the middle of, the cellule; the radial and cubital cellules are lighter in tint than the apex of the wings. Abdomen black ; the second, third, and the base of the fourth segments ferruginous; the petiole is coarsely punctured, its apex and the apices of the second and third segments are fringed with golden pubescence; the other segments are fringed with white ; the pygidium is covered with long black hair ; the ventral keel is curved, its apex projecting into a large somewhat triangular tooth; on the sides of the hypo- pygidium is a large, stout, slightly curved keel, which becomes gradually larger towards the apex as seen from the sides.
This species forms the type of a new group, which may be defined as follows :—
Clypeus largely projecting, becoming broader from the base to the apex and hollowed in the middle; the apex ends in two large somewhat triangular teeth. Mandibles longish, the apex ending in one long tooth; the lower tooth is large. Ocellar region raised. Hye-incision rounded at the base. Pronotum raised behind. Mesonotum without longitudinal furrows. Scutellum furrowed down the middle. Radial cellule short, wide; there are three cubital cellules. Basal segment of the abdomen subsessile ; the last ventral segment provided on either side with a stout keel, which becomes gradually wider towards the apex. On the inner side of the hinder coxe at the apex is a stout shining tooth, rounded at the apex.
The occiput is not sharply margined; the pronotum is raised behind; the parapsidal furrows distinct; on the lower side of the second abdominal segment is a longitudinal keel, covered with a short pile; below this is a smooth, glabrous,
broader keel. il. Clypeus not bidentate. a. Scutellum distinctly conical. Muiilla cona, sp. n.
Nigra, abdomine rufo, basi apiceque nigris ; capite thoraceque dense argenteo-pilosis; scutello rugose punctato; alis fusco-violaceis. ¢. Long. 17 mm.
Scape covered with longish hair, grooved beneath ; the
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 61
third and fourth joints are nearly equal in length. Head below the ocelli thickly covered with longish white pubes- cence, the vertex more sparsely with shorter pubescence intermixed with long fuscous hair. Clypeus smooth and shining, depressed, the sides slightly, the apex more distinctly raised; the front and vertex strongly punctured, smooth at the sides of the ocelli, which are distinctly raised. Man- dibles at the base thickly covered with white intermixed with fulvous hair; the palpi black. Pronotum strongly punctured, thickly covered with silvery pubescence; the sides of the pleuree with stout widely separated keels. Meso- notum deeply rugosely punctured, the punctures running into reticulations and much larger and deeper towards the apex; the hair is long and black. Scutellum strongly rugosely punctured except in the middle on the extreme apex above, this portion having a shallow furrow in the middle ; the hair on the base is black, on the apex longer and paler ; the postscutellum is smooth in the middle, the sides punc- tured. ‘The base of the median segment is thickly covered with depressed silvery pubescence, which completely hides the texture ; the apex is closely reticulated and covered with long fuscous hair. The middle of the mesopleure is sparsely and shallowly punctured and thickly covered with white pubescence ; the metapleure reticulated except at the base above and in the middle. Mesosternum rugosely punctured except in the middle. Legs thickly covered with long white hairs, the spurs pale. Wings fuscous violaceous; the basal abscissa of the radius is straight, oblique; the apical is roundly curved above the middle; the first transverse cubital nervure is oblique, with only a slight curve. Basal segment of the abdomen black except at the apex, and is covered with long white hair; the ventral keel at the apex projects into a short somewhat triangular tooth ; the second to sixth segments are covered with fulvous hair; the last segment is entirely black and thickly covered with long black hairs; the middle is smooth and shining ; the last ventral segment has on either side a distinct smooth conical tooth, followed by a much larger one, which is curved above and obliquely narrowed on the lower side.
This species agrees in form, pubescence, and coloration with the male of M/. sexmaculata, Swed., but is quite distinct. The two species may be separated as follows :—
Scutellum in the middle above broadly smooth and shining throughout; the median segment not thickly covered with white pubescence; the sides of the apical two ventral segments marked with BLOW OWNGUG KOCIS "caw weoerisa cau dest «ese ns sexmaculata.
62 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
Scutellum rugose above, the extreme apex only smooth ; the median segment thickly covered with white pubescence, which hides the sculpture ; the sides of the apical two ventral segments armed with BEOUIL LOCUM namics se ene e sisle aia%se Swine vie Osean cond.
M. cona may further be known from sexmaculata by the wings not being so deeply violaceous and by having hyaline streaks in the cubital cellules, by the scutellum not being so distinctly pyramidal, by the metathorax not being so dis- tinctly narrowed at the base, by the smaller ventral keel, and by the more strongly punctured mesosternum.
Various species have been regarded as the male of M. sea- maculata, but there has always been some doubt under what name, if any, the male has been described. I am now able to put the matter at rest, Mr.G. A. J. Rothney having taken sexmaculata ? tn cop. with its male. I am not sure if this male has been described by anyone ;_ but it comes nearest to the description of dimidiata, Lep. sec. Bingham. ‘The true male is from 20-24 millim. long, is black, with the abdomen red, black at base and apex, the head and thorax deeply covered with white pubescence, and the wings deeply violaceous. Its characteristic points are the pyramidal scutellum, which is broadly smooth and shining above; the ventral keel, pro- jecting shortly beyond the middle into a stout somewhat triangular tooth ; the apical two ventral segments are marked on either side with a stout somewhat oblique keel; the upper part of the apical ventral segment at the sides is smooth and shining ; below this, and above the keel, it is closely punc- tured; the upper part of the mesopleure is tuberculate, as is also the lower, but to a less extent.
Mutilla selma, sp. n.
Nigra, apice petioli segmentisque 2°-5° rufis; alis violaceis. ¢. Long. 12-13 mm.
Scape of antenne sparsely covered with long white hairs. Front rugose ; the vertex sparsely covered with strong punc- tures ; clypeus smooth, shining, glabrous, the middle indis- tinctly keeled. Mandibles shining, broadly rufous before the apex, smooth, sparsely covered with long white and fulvous hair ; the tooth on the lower side at the base is large, longer than broad, rounded at the apex. Pronotum rugosely punc- tured, the base and middle to near the apex smooth and shining. Mesonotum shining, deeply punctured, the punc- tures large, deeper and more widely separated towards the apex, sparsely covered with black hair; the furrows are
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 63
moderately wide and deep and reach to the apex; between them at the base in the middle is an elongated smooth spot. Scntellum pyramidal, rugosely punctured, the middle smooth and shining, produced at the apex into a rounded point; at the base is a slight triangular depression. The median segment has a rounded slope, is reticulated, and covered with long pale fulvous hair; the central area is elongated, slightly widened at the base, the sides there oblique. Propleura stoutly obliquely striated except at the apex. Mesopleure coarsely punctured and sparsely covered with long fulvous hair in the middle, the apical half of the metapleure strongly reticulated. Legs thickly covered with pale hairs; the tarsal spines rufous, the calcaria pale. Wings uniformly viola- ceous; the second cubital cellule at the top is nearly one fourth longer than the third. Abdomen rufous; the petiole, except at the apex, and the apical two segments black; the hair on the basal segment is pale, on the middle pale fulvous, on the apical black intermixed with pale; the apex of the pygidium is depressed and sparsely punctured; the middle in front of this depression is slightly raised and smooth. The keel on the basal ventral segment is stout, dilated broadly at the base; the hypopygium is dilated in the middle, the dilatation becoming gradually larger towards the base. Mussooree, N.W. Himalayas.
Mutilla fortinata, sp. n.
Nigra, dense albo-pilosa, abdominis segmentis 1°, 2°, et 3° ferru- gineis ; alis fusco-violaceis, basi fere hyalinis. ¢. Long. 12-13 mm.
Scape of antenne thickly covered with white hairs; the third and fourth joints are almost equal in length, the apical joints are slightly roundly dilated above. Front and vertex strongly punctured, covered with long pale hairs, the front also thickly covered with silvery pubescence; the antennal keels are stout, projecting and curved. Clypeus smooth, shining, glabrous, broadly distinctly keeled in the middle, the sides from the keel oblique; the apex is transverse, the sides oblique, so that the inner side appears depressed. The base of the mandibles thickly covered with long white hairs, the apex on the lower side more sparsely with long golden hair; the basal tooth is stout, blunt. Pronotum strongly rugosely punctured, smooth and shining at the base; the upper part of the propleure strongly rugose, the middle with stout keels, the lower part smooth. Mesonotum punctured, shining, thickly covered with long black hair; the furrows
—
64 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
are deep ; opposite the tegule is a smooth irregular longish line ; the median segment closely reticulated, thickly covered with silky pubescence ; the central area is dilated at the base, its sides oblique. Scutellum pyramidal, coarsely rugosely punctured, the centre raised, smooth, shining, the base covered with long black, the apex with longer fuscous, hair. Postscutellum smooth, bordered laterally with stout keels. Mesopleuree punctured in the middle and covered thickly with silvery pubescence; on the lower side of the base is a club-shaped keel. Metapleure reticulated, smooth at the base. Wings fuscous violaceous, paler at the base; the second cubital cellule is longer above and below than the third, the second and third transverse cubital nervures are sharply angled above the middle ; the recurrent nervures near the base of the apical third of the cellules. Legs thickly covered with long white hair. Petiole strongly punctured ; the basal teeth stout, the sides immediately in front of them project ; the ventral keel is roundly and uniformly incised in the middle. The pygidial area is smooth in the middle at the base, the apex is depressed and obscure rufous in the middle; the hypopygium is stoutly obliquely keeled late- rally ; the penultimate segment is keeled. The pubescence on the basal segments is white, on the middle long and golden, on the apical black.
b. Scutellum not distinctly conical ; the fore wings more or less hyaline at the base.
Mutilla lena, sp. n.
Nigra, abdomine ferrugineo, apice basique petioli late nigris; alis fusco-violaceis, basi hyalinis. <¢. Long. 10 mm.
Antenne longish, the scape above covered with longish white hair, below much more thickly with short pale pubes- cence; the flagellum almost glabrous, the third and fourth joints equal in length. Front and vertex shining, rather strongly punctured, the vertex sparsely covered with fuscous hair; the front with a broad band of silvery pubescence. Clypeus shining, its apex roundly projecting, the inner side shallowly but distinctly depressed, and finely transversely striated at the apex. Mandibles finely punctured at the base and sparsely covered with long silvery hair; the tooth on the lower side large, longer than broad, conical. Pro- and mesonotum shining, strongly punctured; the pronotum thickly covered with long fuscous, the mesonotum more
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 65
sparsely with shorter black, hair; the two furrows are deep and wide. Scutellum scarcely raised above the level of the mesonotum, strongly punctured, the middle on the basal part smooth and shining, the smooth part slightly depressed in the middle at the base; the postscutellum finely rugose.. Median segment reticulated, the apex more closely below, its upper part more irregularly and with a keel down the middle; the reticulations on the basal half are large and irregular; the central area is wide, slightly widened at the base, and it reaches to the apex. There isa large, stout, curved keel near the base of the propleure ; in the middle are three oblique ones; mesopleure rugosely punctured except behind, in the middle thickly covered with white pubescence ; the apex of metapleure reticulated. Mesosternum smooth and shining. Legs black; the hair, calcaria, and spines white. Wings dark fuscous violaceous ; the nervures black ; the second cubital cellule at the top is slightly longer than the third; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle; the upper part of the radius is only at a slightly different angle from the lower. Abdomen ferra- ginous; the base of the petiole and the apical segment black ; the penultimate segment piceous black ; the petiole is strongly but not closely punctured; the ventral keel is slightly roundly curved and a little dilated towards the apex; the pygidium is closely punctured, smooth in the middle; the hypopygium has a stout oblique keel on the sides, which projects into a trian- gular tooth at the apex.
Mutilla fianna, sp. n.
Nigra, abdominis medio late ferrugineo ; medio scutello levi; alis fusco-violaceis, basi byalinis. 6. Long. 13-14 mm.
Front and vertex strongly punctured, the middle of the front thickly covered with silvery pubescence, the vertex sparsely with long fuscous hair. Clypeus smooth, the apex slightly and finely transversely striated, transverse, the sides oblique. Mandibles at the base thickly covered with long pale fulvous hair; the apical joints of the palpi dull testaceous. Pronotum strongly punctured; the upper third of the pro- pleure slightly hollowed, smooth, the rest bearing six or seven stout keels. Mesonotum shining, strongly punctured, sparsely covered with stiff black hairs; the two furrows are wide and deep; in its centre in front is a smooth shining line. Sca- tellum scarcely raised above the mesonotum, its apex has an
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. iv. 5
66 Mr. P. Cameron on new Fossorial Hymenoptera
oblique slope; in the middle is a flat, smooth, shining, broad space, which becomes gradually and slightly wider towards the apex, which is slightly incised in the middle. Median segment thickly covered with depressed pale fulvous pubes- cence; reticulated; the central area large, reaching to the apex, becorning slightly narrowed to the end of the basal third, then more distinctly narrowed towards the apex; the keel surrounding the apical part is stout; the apex itself has a sharply oblique slope and is closely reticulated all over. Mesopleurze strongly punctured and thickly covered with white hair. Metapleure strongly reticulated except at the base. Legs thickly covered with pale hair; the tarsal spines fulvous. Wings deep fuscous violaceous, the base hyaline ; above the second cubital cellule is slightly longer than the third ; both the cellules receive the recurrent nervures shortly behind the middle. Abdomen ferruginous; the petiole, except at the apex, and the apical two segments black ; the ventral keel has a slight curve and projects slightly towards the apex; the middle segments are slightly punctured and fringed with fulvous hair; the last seement is strongly punc- tured except down the middle.
Mutilla cara, sp. n. Long. 9 mm.
In Bingham’s table (p. 9) this species comes into “6!, Wings dark fulvous, with a purple effulgence,”’ and ‘ d?, Second to fifth segments red,” but is very different from anything there described. It differs from most of the species in the central area of the median segment being of equal width throughout.
Scape of antenne thickly covered with long white hair, grooved beneath ; the flagellum stout, thickly covered with a microscopic pile; the third and fourth joints subequal. The front and vertex punctured, thickly covered with silvery pubescence and more sparsely with long pale hair; the eye- incision deep. Clypeus shining, smooth, bare, triangular. Mandibles rufous in the middle, the base thickly covered with Jong hair. Pro- and mesonotum strongly punctured, thickly covered with long blackish hair; it has two longitudinal furrows, which are deeper and wider behind. Scutellum coarsely rugosely punctured ; on the basal half in the centre is a smooth shining space, of equal width and slightly raised and projecting at the apex. Median segment reticulated, the reticulations longer on the basal half, which is, especially in the middle, thickly covered with pale fulvous down; its central area extends to the apex of the basal portion and is o
from the Oriental Zoological Region. 67
equal width throughout ; the apex has an oblique slope and is covered with long pale hairs. Propleurs: shining, slightly hollowed; the lower part with four stout keels. Mesopleura strongly punctured in the middle, the base and apex sinooth. Metapleure smooth, the apex strongly reticulated; the base on the lower side faintly and irregularly reticulated. Sternum smooth and shining. Legs black, thickly covered with white hair on the femora and tibiz; the hair on the tarsi stiffer and more rufous in tint, especially on the lower side. Wings uniformly fuscous violaceous; the nervures and stigma black, the second cubital cellule at the top is slightly, at the bottom more distinctly, longer than the third; both the re- current nervures are received near the base of the basal third of the cellules. Abdomen ferruginous; the petiole, except at the apex, and the last segment black ; the petiole sparsely punctured, the sides covered with long pale hair; its ventral keel straight, only very slightly projecting at the base; the second to fifth segments ferruginous, their apices broadly covered with bright golden hair; the apex of the penultimate segment is black and covered also with golden hairs; the last segment is punctured, smooth down the middle, and covered with long white hairs.
Mutilla zodiaca, sp. n.
Nigra, abdomine rufo, apice nigro; capite thoraceque dense albo- pilosis; alis violaceis. <6. Long. 8 mm.
Antenne stout, black; the scape covered with silvery hair, the flagellum with a pale pile. Head densely covered with longish silvery pubescence, which hides the sculpture on the front and vertex; the clypeus thickly covered with long silvery hair. Mandibles broadly rufous in the middle, the base thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Pro- notum thickly covered with silvery pubescence; the plenra smooth except for a few indistinct striz. Mesonotum coarsely punctured, shining, sparsely covered with longish black hairs ; the two furrows are wide and deep. Scutellum rugosely punctured. The apical half of the median segment is thickly covered with depressed silvery pubescence, which completely hides the surface, which is reticulated ; the apex has an oblique slope, is closely reticulated, and is covered with long white hair. Mesopleure punctured and thickly covered with silvery pubescence in the middle; the apex of the metapleure is reticulated ; the base on the lower side is obscurely punctured. Mesosternum opaque, covered with
5*
68 On new Fossorial Hymenoptera.
long pale hairs, its base with a row of punctures. Legs black ; the four anterior trochanters rufous; the calcaria pale ; the hair is long and dense. Wings fuscous violaceous ; the stigma and nervures deep black; the second and third cubital cellules are equal in length at the top; below the second cellule is nearly twice the length of the third and receives the recurrent nervure in the middle; the second recurrent is received in the basal third. The petiole is sparsely covered with large punctures and with long pale hair; its basal teeth are large; the ventral keel is short, thick, and straight; the apical half of the segment is sharply oblique ; the second to fifth segments are thickly fringed on the apex with long fulvous hair; the apical with paler fulvous hair; the pygidium is punctured throughout, the punctures stronger towards the apex, which is transverse. Ventral segments punctured, smooth at the base. he tegule bear large scattered punctures and have the edges behind rufous,
Allahabad.
Thynnide.
Methoca violacetpennis, sp. 0.
Nigra, dense albo-hirsuta; alis violaceo-hyalinis, nervis stigmateque nigris. 6. Long. 12 mm.
Antenne black; the scape covered thickly with long fuscous hair; the flagellum densely with short stiff pubes- cence. Head black, the labrum fuscous, smooth. Clypeus roundly incised at the apex, which is oblique and ends in the middle above in a smooth tubercle-like projection; it is strongly aciculated. ‘The front coarsely punctured; on its lower half in the middle is a wide furrow with oblique sides; the vertex is less strongly punctured. ‘he face, cheeks, and outer orbits are thickly covered with long white, the front and vertex more sparsely with fuscous, hair, ‘Thorax black, shining, thickly covered with white hair; the pronotum roundly, but not much, narrowed in front, distinctly but not very strongly punctured, except at the apex; the mesonotum similarly punctured ; the sides near the base depressed and closely transversely striated ; on the outer side of the depres- sion is a longitudinal furrow which reaches to near the apex. Scutellum punctured like the mesonotum, its base transverse, obliquely depressed ; the upper part of the depression smooth and separated from the lower, which is closely rugose. Median segment closely rugosely punctured; above the middle it is
On the Larval Stage of Uypoderma bovis. 69
transversely striated, the stria running into reticulations which are stronger in the centre. Pro- and mesopleure closely punctured except at the apices; the metapleure rugosely punctured except at the base above; the basal furrow distinct, deep, and marked all over with short stout keels, Mesosternum closely punctured, except in the centre ; the furrow is wide and deep and becomes wider and deeper towards the apex. Near the base the mesopleure are raised ; the apex of the raised part curved above, and it is marked at irregular intervals with some stout keels. Legs black, covered with white hair, the ecalcaria rufous. Wings fusco- violaceous ; the stigma and nervures black ; the first trans- verse cubital nervure is oblique, faint above, completely obliterated below; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle, the second in the basal third. Abdomen shining, the basal segments slightly, the apical strongly punctured; the segments strongly constricted at the base, most strongly on the lower side; the constriction on the second segment finely striated.
As the fact is not alluded to by Col. Bingham, it may be pointed out that the males in this genus have hairy eyes. This makes the fourth Indian species.
Khasia Hills.
1V.— The Larval Stage of Hypoderma bovis. By P. KoorEVAAR, Veterinary Surgeon to the Amsterdam Public Abattoir *.
Av a meeting of the Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging held in October 1895 Dr. C. Ph. Sluiter exhibited certain Gstrus-larve which had been found by myself in the spinal canal of a young bullock.
Since then I have met with Msérus-larve in the vertebral canal in the case of a large number of cattle from nine to eighteen months old and in certain full-grown animals up to the age of six years.
The larve lie freely in the fatty tissue between the dura mater spinalis and the periosteum, especially in the hinder- most portion as far as the cauda equina.
In the fresh condition the larve are of a transparent white colour, with a light green interior. ‘hey are segmented and oblong in shape; the segmentations are more distinctly
* Translated by E. E. Austen from the ‘ Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging,’ 2e serie, deel v. (1898) pp. 29-34.
70 Mr. P. Koorevaar on the
visible in specimens preserved in spirit than in the fresh Jarve.
The dimensions of these spinal larve vary considerably ; in a collection that I formed between October and February there is one specimen measuring 5 millim. in length by 4 millim. in breadth; the remainder are from 6 to 14 millim. long and from 1 to 23 millim. broad.
In the warm fat, before it has become solid, the larve lie extended; if they are set free they assume a curved shape and contract, becoming in consequence considerably shorter and thicker; in this contracted condition the annulations are also distinctly visible. As regards other details these grubs have the characteristics of Gistrid larve.
In the year 1884 M. Hinrichsen, a veterinary surgeon, in dissecting a tuberculous bullock, found the first specimen of these larve in the spinal canal ; in 1888 he published in the ‘ Archiv fiir wissenscbaftliche und praktische Thierheilkuude,’ Bd. xiv., an account of the examination of thirty-nine cattle.
In the case of fourteen of these (for the most part the younger animals) he met with from one to twenty larve in a ern of the vertebral column. So long ago as 1863
rof. Brauer described and figured these larve in his ‘ Mono- graphie der Cstriden,’ but the fact that they occur in numbers in the spinal canal was nevertheless new.
Further statements as to the finding of these larve in the neural canal in cattle are also given by Hinrichsen, Horne, and Ruser in the ‘ Zeitschrift fir Fleisch und Milchhygiene ’ tor 1895.
Hinrichsen considered these Mstrus-larve to be the first stage of Hypoderma bovis, which was till then unkuown ; and Prof. Brauer agreed with this opinion.
Owing to the frequent occurrence of this larva in the spinal canal Horne was led to consider the latter as the normal hidden resting-place ot Hypoderma bovis.
In the middle of January I met with the first specimens of Hypoderma-larve beneath the skin; on a closer examination ten more Gstrus-larvee were found in the epidural fat of the vertebral canal.
‘Lhe occurrence of Hypoderma-larve beneath the skin, in what are known as warbles, and at the same time of Wstrus- Jarve in the spinal canal in the same animal, was repeatedly observed in the months of January, February, and March in the slaughtered cattle at the abattoir.
lt is remarkable that in size and form the largest spinal larve do not differ trom the youngest Hypoderma-larve in the subcutis; the subcutaneous larve are somewhat less
Larval Stage of Hypoderma bovis. 71
transparent; the older subcutaneous larve (third stage) are dull white and marked with darker transverse bands; later on they become noticeably thicker and pyriform; the colour changes to more of a greyish yellow, and subsequently to dark brown; these larve have become incapsulated, have perforated the integument, and produce the well-known warbles in the skin.
In the months referred to one frequently finds that the spinal larve have crawled out of the fat and are lying in the spaces between the vertebre; occasionally they are found with one extremity in the intervertebral spaces.
On the 28th of last February [1896] I also made an inter- esting discovery ; in a yearling beast with a large number of Hypoderma-larve beneath the skin—the subcutis on the back and loins was violently inflamed and suppurating—three spinal larvee were discovered in addition. On examining the very oedematous cesophagus, I found thirteen Géstrus-larvee in the connective tissue between the mucosa and the muscu- laris ; in size, shape, and colour they were similar to the larvee lying in the spinal canal.
In the same way on two occasions after this I also met with Gstrus-larve in the wall of the cesophagus. Cstrus- larve: have likewise been found in the cesophageal wall by Curtice ; it afterwards appeared that these were the larve of Hypoderma lineatum, which occurs in the United States.
The interesting statement is also made by Horne that in the case of a young bullock he found the whole carcase so full of Hypoderma-larve that it had to be withdrawn from consumption.
Are these spinal and cesophageal larve really those of Hypoderma bovis in the first stage ?
The great agreement between the youngest subcutaneous and the largest spinal larvee in the same animal, the appear- ance of larve under the skin, coupled with the disappearance of the larve from the spinal canal, is a strong argument in favour of the view that this is the case. It is remarkable that no single investigator has met with the larve on the way from the vertebral canal to the subcutis, Horne asserts that he has more than once noticed in the flesh dirty green Jarva-tracks, which led from the spinal canal through between the muscles to beneath the skin. In one instance, where both subcutaneous and spinal larve were present, a larva was met with between the spinous processes of the vertebral columu; hitherto 1 have not seen definite larva-passages. It is true that when Wstrus-larve are present the epidural fat has a dirty yellow colour; sometimes there is found
To Mr. P. Koorevaar on the
in the fat a green granular mass; above it is flabby and cedematous.
With a view to making sure whether these spinal larva were the larvee of 7ypoderma, | inserted them under the skin of another animal, in order that they might there become adult and in order from them, if possible, to breed Hypo- derma bovis.
I selected as sulject of experiment a small dog, which since the beginning of January had been supplied with food infected with Echinococcus veterinorum. On February 3rd I introduced, under aseptic precautions, through an opening 2 centimetres wide, beneath the skin in the left lambar region eleven spinal Qstrus-larve taken from a calf. The wound was closed and hcaled quickly, the state of the dog remained normal, and nothing was seen of the eleven larvee inserted.
Eight days later in the same manner fifteen larva were introduced under the skin of the rizht side; scarcely an hour later one of my colleagues and I reopened the wound, and saw to our astonishirent that all the larvee with the exception of one had disappeared. Two days afterwards I observed a larva lying under the skin on the costal wall, 8 centimetres away from the wound; its rounded oblong form was dis- tinctly visible through the thin skin of the dog; one could feel it roll under the finger. On the third day it had crawled forward as far as the spinous processes, and on the fourth it had disappeared.
The dog remained normal; fourteen days after the first insertion there was still nothing to be seen under the skin.
What had become of the twenty-six larve in the dog ?
To settle the point I decided to open the animal.
The autopsy was interesting.
On removing the skin five still living larvee were found in the subcutis— one on the left costal wall, one in front of the shoulder, one on the right thigh, one on the skull, and the fifth larva on the point of the jaw. In the subcutis and in the underlying muscles no traces of their wanderings were observable; but certain oedematous spots were found in the subcutis and the muscles.
On opening the abdomen some bloody matter exuded. Six larvee were found between the folds of the intestine, and therefore free in the peritoneal cavity.
I found, further, five larve in the fat of the spleen, kidneys, omentum, inguinal canal, and the retro-peritoneal tissue ; the removal of the kidueys disclosed three more larve upon the psoas muscles.
In the pleural cavities no larvee were found lying free; still five larvee were met with, three of which were in the wall of the cesophagus and two in the peritracheal tissue. :
a
Larval Stage of Hypoderma bovis. 73
The discovery in the spinal canal was very remarkable ; on exposing the cord it was found that two larve were ensconced in the fat between the dura mater spinalis and the periosteum: the fat around the place was somewhat softer and injected with blood.
All the twenty-six larve introduced were found, and for the most part alive.
They had wandered far in a relatively short time—eight to fourteen days after they had been introduced under the skin.
In spite of careful examination no traces or tracks of the course followed by the larvee could be found.
Certain small cedematous patches were indeed present in the subcutis and between the muscles, and some bloody humour was found in the abdominal cavity.
On February 17th I introduced in the same manner twenty spinal G@strus-larvee under the skin of an eighteen-months-old lie-goat. So far as lam aware, the larve of Hypoderma bovis are not found in the goat.
On February 29th I found in the he-goat five subcutaneous swellings, each with a central opening, from which there exuded a dirty white fluid. I propose to allow these larva to mature.
I fed two young dogs simultaneously with spinal Gstrus- larve, introduced into the pharynx by means of a spatula. The dogs were killed after two and four days respectively. On autopsy I have been unable to find a single larva outside the alimentary tract or remains of the larve in the stomach or intestine.
I introduced ten larva directly into the cesophagus of a rabbit by means of arubber tube. Jl'or three days L examined the feces; but neither in them nor in the rabbit, which I aiterwards killed, could I find any trace of the injected larve.
As it appeared from the autopsy of the dog, the larve introduced under the skin wandered about into various places agreeing with those in which they are found in cattle. This discovery, in connexion with the negative result produced by the introduction of the larvee per os, causes me to incline to the opinion that the young larvee of //ypoderma bovis at first pass beneath the skin, and from thence betake themselves to the spinal canal and other places, to return later into the subcutis and there undergo further development under the well-known conditions.
I hope later on to publish a communication as to the dis- covery of the further development of the spinal larve beneath the skin of the he-goat.
March, 1896,
74 Bibliographical Notice.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.
The Penycuik Experiments. By J. C. Ewart, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh. (A. &C. Black.) 8vo. London, 1899. Pp. xciii, 177, with 46 illustrations distributed through text, process, mostly from photographs.
UnrortunatTety the title of this volume appears to be defective or misleading, and probably ought to have read ‘ Penycuik Equine Experiments.’ The author may be surprised one day, should he find it in some library catalogues classed under currency-question subjects—for such things, and even stranger ones, not unfrequently happen. The binding of the book may save this contingency, for its zebrine style is strikingly characteristic. Once for all, we may say the illustrations are very effective (especially those of the foals and of the heads), showing the body, legs, and face-markings. At first we thought the repetition of a few of the figures was a mistake ; but careful study of the text has led us to a different conclusion.
The somewhat long introduction (93 pages) is devoted to a consideration of zebra hybrids generally, to the principles of breeding of various domestic animals, to telegony (=infection), to saturation (=absorption of some of the elements or nature of parentage), and to sterility in equine hybrids. Then follows Part I., containing :— A. The birth of a hybrid between a Burchell’s zebra and a mare ; B. The zebra-horse hybrids.
Part II. enters into a more detailed or specific account of tele- gony, with observations on the striping of zebras and horses and on reversion in the Equide. An appendix to the latter deals chiefly with letters and observations of others on telegonal experimental breeding, and it ends with remarks on the desirability of trial of some fifteen different sorts of crosses between the horse tribe, cattle, sheep, and swine.
A considerable portion of the contents of this book has at various intervals appeared as contributions to ‘The Veterinarian,’ and one paper in ‘The Zoologist,’ besides lectures delivered at the Royal Institution. To a certain section of the public then it is not entirely new matter; but as collected in one handy illustrated volume it will be much more accessible to naturalists and the general public, many of the latter now taking a deep interest in this and cognate subjects.
So far as we can judge, we believe we are in approximate agree- ment with the quintessence of Prof. Ewart’s volume, namely, his views on Reversion ; yet at the same time we may own to at first having been bewildered by the reiteration of data and the same differently expressed. This leads us to think that, instead of re- printing the separate papers previously published in journals, and endeavouring to connect them together by a general introduction, the author himself saying ‘“ which must also serve as a preface and, to a certain extent, as a supplement,” it would have enhanced the work if it had been entirely recast into a continuous whole. But
Bibliographical Notice. 75
then condensation implies labour, and in the end does not look so much. The literary style is both easy and popular.
Prof. Ewart’s experiments on crossing members of the Equide commenced in the beginning of 1895 at Penycuik, Midlothian, Scotland, where he set up a small stud-farm. His first cross-breed was between a male Burchell’s zebra (E. Burchellii, var. Chapmant) and a female black-coloured West Highland pony. From them was derived a young male hybrid (“Romulus”). This has the united characters of both parents, though different from both and not mule-like. The neck and head are of zebra-form, the body and limbs more resemble those of the horse, though the hoofs are zebrine. The body-colour shortly after birth showed up chiefly as bright golden yellow, with rich dark brown stripes.
According to Ewart the stripes and other markings bear more resemblance to those of the Somali zebra (Z. Grevyt) than to Burchell’s species. Before many months the colt began to shed its coat and afterwards to darken in tint, and this has increased in density. In temper, though ordinarily quiet, yet at times he is as easily excited, restless, and startled when seeing strange objects as is his sire the zebra. He carries himself proudly and with as dainty a step and dignity as the zebra.
‘The second cross was between an Irish mare, a bay with black points, and the above Burchell’s zebra. The foal (a male, named “Remus ”) is much lighter in colour than “ Romulus,” to wit a rich light bay. The plan of the striping of this second hybrid is similar to the first, the bands of a dark reddish hue. Before long the mane assumed a somewhat erect attitude. As it shed its coat some months after birth, this was renewed by a thicker bay and brown inner one and an outer longer stronger-haired fringe. All four limbs have warts (chestnuts). Curiosity has been the chief feature in this animal as a foal.
The third hybrid was a cross between the same male Burchell’s zebra and a Clydesdale mare—a bay with black points, white fore- head, heavy mane and tail, and plenty of hair at the fetlocks. At birth this female hybrid (“‘ Brenda”) was much like an ordinary bay foal; but shortly after faint indistinct striping began to appear, though even afterwards not strongly marked. The right hind leg wart is wanting in this animal. Brow-arches, as in the other hybrids, do not round, but are more pointed, as in a Norwegian pony and a quagga at Amsterdam. The banding of the neck and body generally agrees with the stripes of the male hybrid no. 1, though less pronounced and with a tendency to shadow-stripes. Heavily built, with mule-like ears and tail, she is, so to say, a high- stepper in action.
Prof. Ewart’s fourth zebrine hybrid (a female) is the product of a black female Shetland pony, and, as he states it, “‘ is more of the zebra than any of my other hybrids.” The body is of a leathery dun shade, partly reddish brown, with nearly black stripes, and there are stripes, not spots, across the loins and croup, with brow-arches as in no, 1 hybrid. The hoofs are longer than in
76 Bibliographical Notice.
the zebra, and warts are deficient on the hind legs; the mane is short and upright in summer, long and pendent in winter. ‘This fourth hybrid (** Norette”) has been more intelligent than the others and quieter in disposition ; her appearance is quaint, with an old- fashioned bygone-age look.
The fifth hybrid («* Heckla”) is the produce of askewhald Iceland pony. ‘the dam has much white about her, and with a pale yellow body-tint. The experimenter expected the female offspring would be nearly as light in lhody-tint as the male Burchell’s zebra parent; but, instead, this foal is the darkest of all the zebrine hybrids. Her coat is heavy, though she agrees in the main in build and markings with no. | hybrid (** Romulus”). Her action is freer, though more like that of a hackney than a zebra.
Seme of the above dams were afterwards put to horses, and this second progeny receives full description from the author, part of which is referred to under telegony. ‘The above five hybrids and other cross-breeds, along with further experiments on pigeons, ' fowls, rabbits, and dogs by the author, and references and com- parisons with the labours of others in the field of hybrid produce, form the basis of the general introduction and of the chapter more particularly devoted to 'Telegony and Reversion among the Equide.
We need hardly make special reference to the chapter on “ The Principles of Breeding” in the General Introduction, as some of the data again crop up when the transmission of characters is discusse¢. We may note en passant that in allusion to the third-weeck embryotic condition of the horse, when it becomes a bent-double fish-like creature, he says “the tail is bilobed lke that of a mermaid, manatee ”—surely a slip of the pen for dugong ? (see Ryder, Develop. of Cetacea, Rep. U.S. Fisheries for 1885).
With regard to the fascinating doctrine of Infection of the Germ- plasm— Weismann’s Telegony—Prof. Ewart speaks pretty strongly from his own experiments and others’ investigation of the subject. He says :—“ The result, so far, is that the evidence in support of undoubted ‘ infection ’ having even occurred is most unsatisfactory. In every case investigated the supposed infection could be accounted for by the relatively simple reversion hypothesis. .... I do not by any means say telegony is impossible, that it never has occurred in the past and never will occur in the future; but I think I am justified in saying ‘infection’ has never been experimentally pro- duced, and that the kind of ‘infection’ so widely believed in b breeders, if not impossible, is at least extremely improbable.” He goes on to mention the oft-quoted Lord Morton’s mare, which Ewart does not believe was infected by the quagga, and he gives figures and argument thereon.
Ewart further refers to his own experiments, and describes foals subsequently got from the several dams (supra) by horses after their having had foals by Burchell’s zebra. These did not support the telegony hypothesis. As a climax he says, “ I am now satisfied that [ordinary] foals are far more often marked with stripes— apparent or real—than is generally supposed.”
Bibliographical Notice. (a
The above views strongly support those held by Settegast *, Weismann fT, Kuhn +, Nathusius §, as well as some authorities in this country ||, though it is opposed to Herbert Spencer 4], Dr. Harvey of Aberdeen **, and others’ explanation of the phenomenon.
Nor does the “Saturation ” hypothesis find any more favour with Prof. Ewart. He quotes Bruce Lowe’s definition ff of it, that at ‘‘each mating and bearing the dam absorbs some of the nature or actual circulation of the yet unborn foal, until she eventually becomes saturated with the sire’s nature or blood, as the case may be.” Prof. Ewart proceeds to show froin others’ and his own experiments that supposititious cases of saturation are but more pronounced ones of reversion, due to better nutrition of the germ- cells &e. .
Concerning sterility in equine hybrids, he thinks it is not in obedience to any natural law they are so. His experiments lead him to believe that preferential mating accounts for much, especially in the horse tribe ; while it is noteworthy that a number of species of other animals and plants yield when crossed fertile offspring.
Prof. Ewart enters into detail, and nicely figures the peculiarities and differences of the so-called species of zebras and hybrids. He considers the Somali zebra (#. Grevyi) the most primitive form. This with the mountain zebra (/. zebra) and the group of Burchell’s zebras are to him distinct types, but they cannot be readily distinguished from each other by their markings. 'There- fore we may add that Mr. R. I. Pocock’s excellent paper on “ The Species and Subspecies of Zebras” (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xx. 1897) may well be studied for comparison, this author’s presumed subspecies being well defined. He notes the gradual lessening of the stripes from north to south, being absent in the hindquarters of the quagga south of the Orange River. See also Sir W. Flower’s remarks (‘The Horse,’ 1891) and P. L. Sclater’s various memo- randa on zebra species (P. Z. 8.).
The question is started by Prof. Ewart, Were the ancestors of the horse striped? And as side-issues thereon he discusses the points as to face and head, neck, body, and leg-stripes. He con- cludes that the ancestral horse was striped in a manner intermediate between the common: and Somali zebras. The croup- and rump- stripes he regards as comparatively a recent acquisition in the zebras. He suggests though that in pigs spots, and not dark bands, were the original coloration, these afterwards merging into stripes &c.
* ‘Die Thierziecht,’ Band i. + ‘The Germ-Plasm: a Theory of Heredity.’ English translation by Prot, WN. Parker. } An experienced veterinarian of Halle, quoted by Weismann and Ewart. § ‘Ueber Shorthorn Rindvich,’ &e. || See works of Darwin, Romanes, Galton, &c. qj ‘Contemporary Review,’ 1893, &e. ** A remarkable effect of crcss-breeding quoted by Ewart. +t ‘Breeding on the Figure System,’ quoted by Ewart.
78 Miscellaneous.
We might instance the tapirs, swine, and some deer (all branches of the early trunk of the Ungulata), which in their youthful stages exhibit spotting, which afterwards is relatively effaced with increasing age.
Respecting Atavisim, or Apparent Reversion, in the Equide, he refers to the ancestral dentition, to the five-toed ancestor, to occa- sional instances of cleft hoof, to at times a complete ulna in recent horses, as taking after the prototype of ancient equine forms. He instances Protohippus and Hipparion, the former as the ancestor of the breeds of horses, the latter as common ancestor of asses and _ zebras, without giving any decided data thereon *.
Reference is made to Mr. Bateson’s ¢ limits of reversion getting credit for things sufficiently accounted for by variation. Nevertheless, Prof. Ewart says:—‘ The heredity problem is sufficiently difficalt as it is, but if we are debarred from invoking the assistance of the reversion hypothesis, it will become hopelessly incomprehensible.”
In substance he most justly observes that preponderance is given to the colour of the dermal system in experiments as bearing on reversion, while habits and general structure only occupy the back- ground. Notwithstanding this cautious advice the author himself has fallen into the trap, though he has endeavoured to relieve the situation by sundry brief notes on the tempers and habits of some of his hybrids. But the fact is, coloration, and especially zebrine stripes, can be reasonably compared, whereas temperament and, neces- sarily, habits are physiological factors of uncertain value on which to base comparison.
To sum up: whatever the ultimate result of Prof. Ewart’s experi- ments, it would seem as if we had advanced a short stage in the matter of Telegony and Reversion, though some of his deductions doubtless will be questioned. The researches so far are still in the initial stage, but they are a stimulus, and it is to be hoped may be further pursued. Finally, where is the index ?—a marked omission in this volume—for the brief table of contents does not help much where direct references on special points are needed.
MISCELLANEOUS.
On Ecdysis in Insects, considered as a means of Defence against Animal or Vegetable Parasites.—Special Réles of the Tracheal and Intestinal Ecdyses. By J. Kincxet v’Hercovrais.
By the experiments made by us in Algeria for the purpose of en- deavouring to infect young Acridians (migratory locusts) by means of spores of the fungus that we discovered upon the adults—the
* For an excellent epitome of ‘The Horse,’ his ancestors and living relations, clothed in most popular language, commend us to Flower’s volume, with its reference to the paleontological and other literature of the Equide. Tegetmeier and Sutherland’s ‘ Horses, Asses, Zebras, and Mules, and Mule Breeding’ (1895) may also be profitably consulted.
+ See his ‘ Materials for the Study of Variation,’ 1894.
Miscellaneous. 79
Lachnidium acridiorum, Giard—we ascertained that the repeated moults of these insects, which take place on an average once a week, are opposed to the fixation of the spores upon the integu- ments*. On the other hand, if we consider that it is often the stigmatic apertures that, in the adults, serve as a means of penetra- tion for the spores, and if we remember that, after the spores have germinated, the ramifications of a thick mycelium block up the tracheal trunks, producing the phenomena of asphyxia tT, we are obliged to recognize that, in the case of young Acridians, the casting off, with the integument, of the internal coat of the trachex is a serious obstacle to the preservation of the spores in the medium suitable for their germination.
In the course of the mission that we are accomplishing under the government of the Argentine Republic, we have been enabled to make observations which give a larger bearing to these preliminary remarks.
In drawing attention to the role of the pigments in the pheno- mena of histolysis and histogeny which accompany metamorphosis in the case of the migratory locust (Schistocerca peregrina, Olivier) t, we showed that after each ecdysis these Acridians excreted pig- mentary matter with the feces, which were thus found to be coloured pink, instead of remaining greenish brown as in the course of each of the stages of their development. In following very closely the development of the Parana locust. (Schistocerca para- nensis, Burmeister), in order to see if we could not discover some peculiarity that might have escaped us, we have been led to examine the first excreta after the completion of metamorphosis ; the result was that it was discovered that the faces, like those of the African species, were charged with red pigmentary granulations. But this time, on pushing the analysis further, the microscopical examination showed us that these excreta were in reality a kind of sacs formed by the cuticle of the intestine. These sacs, immediately after being deposited, on being immersed in distilled water exhibited the most interesting peculiarities; from the very first they were seen to be inflated by large bubbles of air, which maintained them in suspension ; these bubbles were nothing else than the remains of
* J. Kiinckel d’Herculais and Ch. Langlois, “ Les Champignons para- sites des Acridiens ” (C. R. de la Soc. de Biol. 9° sér. t. iii. p. 490, June 20, 1891 ; ‘Comptes Rendus,’ t. exiii. p. 1465, June 22, 1891; Ann. de la Soc. ent. de Fr. t. 1xi., 1891; Bull. t. cvi., June 24).
+ A. Giard, “ Observations sur les Champignons parasites de 1’ Aeri- dium peregrinum” (C. R. de la Soc. Biol. ¥° sér. t. iii. p. 492, June 20, 1891); A. Giard, “ Nouvelles Etudes sur le Lachnidium acridiorum, Giard, Champignon parasite du Criquet pélerin” (Rev. gén. de Bot. t. iv. pp. 459, 460, 1892).
} J. Kiinckel d’Herculais, “ Le Criquet pélerin, Schistocerca peregrina, Olivier, et ses changements de Coloration. Rédle des Pigments dans les Phénoménes d’Histolyse et d’Histogénése qui accompagnent la Métamor- phose” (Comptes rendus de la Société de Biologie, 9° série, t. iv. p. 56, 1892 ; Comptes Rendus, t. cxiv. p. 240, February 1, 1892; Annales de la Société entomologique de France, t. lxii, Bulletin, p. 25, 1892),
80 Miscellaneous.
the masses of air which fill the digestive tract in order to enable
the metamorphosis to take place, as we have shown by our previous
studies *; moreover, in the midst of the granulations resulting
from the histolysis of the tissues and of the granulations of reab-
sorbed pigment, there were soon perceived a number of Gregarines.
Thus, then, these Protozoa were got rid of like waste matter, in the same way as the products of histolysis. From this we may under-
stand that each moult not only occasions the regeneration of the
normal tissues, but that it also results in freeing the organism from
the parasites which cause the denutrition of these tissues,
From these facts is to be deduced a series of results, some of which are physiological, while the others are of an essentially prac- tical order. In factif the observers, and this particularly applies to M. Louis Léger f, who have sought for Gregarine in the digestive tract of Acridians did not succeed in meeting with these parasites in the case of migratory locusts, while they found them in species belonging to the same group, the reason was that the locusts in question had rid themselves of the parasites by shedding their intestinal cuticle ; between the ecdyses they abound in the | Parana locust; they diminish in number after each ecdysist. On the other hand, everyone is aware that in Europe (in Russia, France, and other countries), in Africa (Algeria, Cape of Good Hope), as also in America (United States, Argentine Republic), great hopes have been founded upon certain parasitic organisms (fungi, bacilli, Protozoa) for arresting the multiplication of destructive insects, and especially of migratory locusts. But we see from these observations that these insects with rapid development are in possession of a very simple means of ridding themselves from these organisms, in being able to regenerate themselves at each stage of their development. Thus we ere able to understand the resistance that, wnder the conditions of normal existence, insects are capable of offering to the contamination or disorganizing action of vegetable or animal parasites.— Comptes Rendus, t. cxxvili. no. 10 (March 6, 1899), pp. 620-622.
* J, Kiinckel d’Herculais, “Du role del’Air dans le Mécanisme physio- logique de I'Eclosion, des Mues, et de la Métamorphose chez les Insectes orthoptéres de la Famille des Acridides” (Comptes Rendus, t. ex. p. 107, 1890).
+ Louis Léger, “ Sur une Grégarine nouvelle des Acridiens d’Algérie ” (Comptes Rendus, t. exvii., Dec. 4, 1893).
¢ This Gregarine belongs to the genus Clepstdrina, Hammerschmidt, and we shall term it Clepsidrina paranensis, for the double purpose of recalling the fact that it is found in the country watered by the Parana, and that it infests Schistocerca paranensis, the migratory locust of South America. It is probable that it also inhabits the digestive tract of other species of Acridians. Although it attains the size of Clepsidrina acridiorum, Léger, and though its deutomerite is consequently four times larger than its protomerite, it differs in the general shape of the deuto- merite, which is ellipsoidal instead of being cylindrical, and in the colora- tion of the granulations of the endocyte, which are not tinged with reddish yellow, but are of a uniform yellowish white.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[SEVENTH SERIES.]
No. 20. AUGUST 1899.
V.—Notes on the Mollusca of the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman, mostly dredged by Mr. F. W. Townsend, with Descriptions of Twenty-seven Species. By JAMES Cosmo MELvILL, M.A., F.L.S., &e.
[Plates I. & II,]
THE present paper constitutes the third of a series * written to further the elucidation of the large molluscan collections gathered from time to time during the past seven or eight years by Mr. F. W. Townsend, of the Indo-European Telegraph Service, mainly amongst the islands and bays of the Persian Gulf and that portion of the Arabian Sea impinging on the Mekran coast of Beluchistan as far as Karachi. In the second of these papers + a full account of the methods employed in dredging and of the area traversed, with sundry other particulars, is given; but it seems unneces- sary to reproduce here any of these details, to which I would simply refer any who may be interested in the narration, Suffice to say that I hope some day to be able to prepare as complete a catalogue as possible of these collections, the
* Cf. Mem. Lit. & Phil. Soc. Manch, vol. xli, pt. 3, 1896-97, pp. 1-26 ; yol. xlii. pt. 2, 1897-98, pp. 1-39.
iL. €. pp. 3-7. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. iv. 6
82 Mr. J. C. Melvill on the
individual species already noted numbering about 1100, speaking roughly ; and since labels have been carefully kept with each individual, stating the depth, locality, quality of ground, &c. at which found, I believe such a publication would be of much value to all who are interested in geogra- phical distribution.
So little attention has been hitherto paid—not, indeed, until the last decade of this century—to the productions of the very extensive and prolific area having Bushire for its western and Karachi for its eastern limit, that it is hardly surprising to find what a wealth of hitherto unrevealed forms has been brought to light through Mr. Townsend’s un- remitting exertions, ably supported as he is by many of those with whom he is officially connected (e. g. Mr. B. 'T. Ffinch, C.I.E., Director in Chief of the Telegraph Department, Captain Tindall, of the S.S. ‘ Patrick Stewart,’ and Mr. J. A. O’ Maley), even though it has as yet been found impossible to excced the 100-fathom limit, or, in fact, quite to attain it in dredging, and therefore no specialized abyssal forms have been received which would at all compare, for instance, with the results of the cruise of the ‘ Investigator’ in the Bay of Bengal.
But, notwithstanding this, the results so far have been more than gratifying. About ten per cent. of the total number catalogued are new to science; these, with the excep- tion of eight or ten differentiated by Mr. G. B. Sowerby *, have been all described by myself in the two papers already referred to, and the addition of the following twenty-seven will swell the total to more than a hundred new forms.
When, in 1893-96, at first in conjunction with Mr. A. Abercrombie, I drew up lists of Bombay marine mollusca, of which no less than fifty-two had to be described, I expressed a strong opinion that this fauna was highly specialized and the number of endemic forms unusually great. How within so few years this conviction has become utterly falsified may best be inferred from the fact that of the fifty-two species no less than thirty-one have been found to occur in the Townsend collection t, mostly dredged near Karachi and the coast of Beluchistan, thus tending to prove that while certain forms may be confined to the North Indian Ocean, their range is wide there, and they mostly occur plentifully if locally.
I would particularly draw attention, among the Pelecypoda
* Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. i. pp. 214 & 278 sqq. + A new figure of one of these, Cerithiopsis (Sea) bandorensis, Melv., being vecessary, it is here given (Pl. I. fig. 12).
Mollusca of the Arabian Sea, cc. 83
described in this paper, to a Mactrinula, a Lucina, and Cryp- todon victorialis, all three of unusual delicacy. In Gastro- poda a fine Fusus, two Mitre, a beautiful Natica, and a Lacuna, the second of a northern genus to be described from tropical seas, are, perhaps, the most noteworthy. But there still are more Pleurotomide in proportion to other orders represented ; indeed it is both curious and deeply interesting to observe how much that is fresh this highly organized assemblage of mollusks continues yearly to afford from all parts of the world and at all depths. One of our greatest desiderata is, and I fear may long continue to be, an up-to-date monograph of this group, fossil as well as recent, for it seems to me that certain Drillie, Clathurelle, and Mangilice, especially, of the Tertiary formation run very close i it they are not absolutely identical with, similar existing orms.
Fusus Townsendi, sp.n. (Pl. II. fig. 1.)
F, testa eleganter fusiformi, usque apicem rapide attenuata, cinerea, rufo- vel brunneo-purpureo suffusa; anfractibus 11, duobus apicali- bus globulosis, vitrifactis, ochraceis vel brunneis inclusis, ceteris apud suturas multum impressis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis fortibus, crassis, ad medium acuticarinatis, et fusco-pictis, ultimo in anfractu ad numerum novem, superficie tota spiraliter arcte filo-lirata, ad medium anfractuum perforti, interstitiis tenui- liratis ; apertura oblonga, intus cinerea, striata; canali perlongo (ad 32 mm.), arcte lirato usque ad basim; labio tenui; columella nitida, paullum reflexa.
Long. 80, lat. 24 mm. (sp. maj.).
Pee Dok ee (spy mine).
Hab. Persian Gulf, dredged at 10-12 fathoms, in sand and mud, off Gais (or Kais), Hinderabi, and Sheik Shuaib Isles.
A fine species, with a resemblance to F. tuberculatus, Lamk., or forewma, Mart., in miniature. Many examples were forwarded by Mr. Townsend, nearly all, even the most juvenile, covered, especially towards the apex, with Lepralia. Unlike tuberculatus, the dark coloration is on the ribs, not at the interstices. ‘The colour varies from ochreous or stra- mineous to purplish brown on a grey ground; the whorls are eleven in number, two being apical and glassy brown, the rest are very strongly ribbed, all acutely angled in the middle of each whorl, the ribs showing here most prominently, with narrow white spaces surrounded by a dark brown coloration. The spiral lire are very close and fine. Canal much produced ; aperture oblong; mouth greyish within and
%
84 Mr. J. C. Melvill on the
spirally striate. Outer lip thin. Columella shining, somewhat reflexed. About twelve examples, all similar excepting in coloration. Named in honour of the discoverer, Mr. Frederick W. Townsend, of Manora, Karachi.
Nassa (Hima) ischna*, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 1.)
N. testa parva, multum attenuata, apice acutissimo, cinereo-alba, lete infra suturas et ad medium anfractus ultimi (interdum inter costas solum, interdum undique) brunneo-fasciata ; anfractibus 93, quorum 22 apicales albi, vitrei, ceteris longitudinaliter costatis, costis corrugatis, apud ultimum in numero tredecim, undique spiraliter liratis, ad costarum juncturam gemmuliferis; labro extus albo, incrassato, intus denticulato; columella alba, nitida, haud multum incrassata.
Long. 10, lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Persian Gulf, near Muscat.
A small but very striking Nassa, extremely attenuate and acuminate, ashy white, brightly banded just below the sutures and in the centre of the last whorl with brown, this some- times only appearing in the interstices between the ribs, in other examples on the ribs as well, uniformly. The ribs are roughened with the gemme which appear at the point of junc- ture with the spiral lire. On the last whorl there are about thirteen ribs. ‘The whorls are about nine and a half; of these the apical are white, glassy, and shining. The aperture is ovate ; outer lip white, shining, thickened, within denticulate ; columella only slightly thickened, white, shining.
There seems much in comnion, save for form, between this species and N. mammillifera +, Melv., also from the Persian Gulf, which I originally designated as belonging to the sub- genus Notha, Ad. I should now be disposed to place both these forms in Haima, Leach. ‘These subdivisions are in some instances quite misleading, and I have found occa- sionally a species that might almost equally well belong to two or three of them. Néotha is characterized as differing from Hima in three salient particulars :—
(a) In short as against elevated spire.
(0) Very large callus, compared with a callus only “ de-
fined.”
(c) Outer lip with no, as opposed to a conspicuous mar-
ginal, varix.
A few examples, in fine condition, occurred.
* toryvos, thin, attenuate.
+ Mem, Lit. & Phil. Soc. Manch. vol. xli. pt. 8, p. 4 (1896-97).
Mollusca of the Arabian Sea, &c. 85
Drillia theoreta*, sp. n. (PI. I. fig. 2.)
D. testa mediocri, eleganter fusiformi, albo-purpurascente ; anfracti- bus 102, quorum apicales 14 vitrei, globosi, leves, caeteris fortiter et longitudinaliter rotundi-costatis, costis ultimum ad anfractum in numero decem, undique spiraliter arcte filo-liratis, superficie ad suturas brunneo maculata et hic illic ad liras eodem colore sparsa; apertura ovato-oblonga, intus purpureo-fusca, vel, in- terdum, albescente ; labre haud multum incrassato, sinu excavato, lato; columella recta; canali breviter producto.
Long. 22, lat. 6 mm. (sp. maj.).
» 15, ,, 450mm. (sp. min., forma albescens).
Hab. Henjam Island, Persian Gulf, 20-25 fathoms, and Sheik Shuaib Island, one large form.
Several examples. An attractive form, showing no varia- tion in sculpture, but some in coloration and size. ‘The albino variety is smaller and unicolorous, being of a pale ochreous externally, with white aperture ; the normal state exhibits a purplish suffusion both externally and within, and scattered dots and maculations along the spiral liree which surround the shell, especially prominent on the ribs of the last whorl. The whorls in all are ten to eleven, the apical being glassy and globular, the remainder are strongly longitudinally ribbed, the ribs numbering ten round the last whorl. The aperture is ovate-oblong, within purplish fuscous, in the normal examples; lip not much thickened, sinus wide, columella straight, canal shortly produced.
Mangilia chilosema +, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)
M. testa parva, turrita, albo-straminea ; anfractibus septem, quorum tribus apicalibus subvitreis, delicate sub lente striatulis, ceteris quatuor ventricosulis, apud suturas multum impressis, longi- tudinaliter rotundi-costatis, costis ultimo in anfractu ad undecim, undique spiraliter rudi-liratis, ad suturas et apud anfractus ultimi medium rubro-sparsis et interrupte zonatis, dorsaliter ad medium labri conspicue rubro-maculato; apertura oblonga, intus uni- maculata; labro crassiusculo; sinu lato, conspicuo; columella recta ; canali truncato.
Long. 6, lat. 2 mm.
Hab. Karachi and along the Mekran coast; abundant in certain localities.
Shell small, turreted, whitish straw-colour ; whorls seven, inclusive of the three vitreous, obscurely delicately striate,
* Oewpnros, conspicuous. + xeios, lip, and ofa, mark,
86 Mr. J. C. Melvill on the
apical, the remaining four being somewhat tumid, much impressed suturally, and longitudinally roundly ribbed; ribs eleven in number on the last whorl, the whole surface being spirally coarsely lirate; often in young specimens a gemmuled appearance is noticeable on the ribs at the point of junction with these spiral liree, but this soon wears off. At the sutures and at the centre of the last whorl are observable red dashes and spots and a very obscure and interrupted deep red band; there is one very conspicuous and characteristic deep red spot just behind the outer lip, this being reflected within the aperture, which is oval-oblong, the outer lip being somewhat thickened, with broad and conspicuous sinus ; columella straight and canal somewhat truncate.
Allied to the New Caledonian species MW. himerta and himerodes, Melv. & Standen, from both of which it differs more in form than in coloration, the characteristic dorsal red spot being present in all three. In our catalogue of Madras Mollusca, Mr. Standen and I referred to this species as M. Horneana, Smith *, an almost equally abundant mollusk in these seas with apparently identical distribution.
Mangilia galigensis, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 4.)
M. testa attenuato-fusiformi, perelongata, rufo-brunnea; anfracti- bus novem, quorum apicali vitreo, tribus huic approximatis rufis, uDicoloribus, ceteris apud suturas compressis, ventricosulis, longi- tudinaliter forticostatis, costis perpaucis, in ultimo septem, costis infra, juxta suturas, albescentibus, ad medium subangulatis, super- ficie spiraliter delicatissime striata, eleganter vittata, albis zonis cum rufis alternata; apertura elongata; labro incrassato, nitido, perlevi, intus nigro-rufescente, extus albo-rufo vittato; canali breviter prolongata.
Long. 14:50, lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Galig Island.
The nearest, in fact the only close ally to this very beautiful form is I. Townsend, Sowb. f, but the ribs are two or three fewer in number in each whorl and the colour is rufous, with no tinge of greenish; all the many examples of M. Townsendi I have seen are alike in both these particulars, being uniformly greenish olivaceous and many ribbed. The dimensions are about the same. I had at first thought of describing this as a varietal form only, but I defer to the opinion of two or three malacologists in keeping it distinct. M. Townsendi has not, so far as I am aware, been yet found
* Journ. of Conch. vol. ix. p. 38. t Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. vol. i. p. 278 (1895)
Mollusca of the Arabian Sea, kc. 87
in the Persian Gulf; it occurs, according to Mr. Townsend, from low-water mark to 5 fathoms on muddy sand off the Mekran coast of Beluchistan.
Mangilia perlonga, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)
M. testa multum attenuata, fusiformi, solida; anfractibus octo, in- clusis duobus apicalibus vitreis, perlevibus, nitidis, longitudinaliter fortiter paucicostatis, costis ultimi anfractus in numero septem, spiraliter rudi-liratis, et inter liras arctissime tenuistriatis, liris in anfractibus supernis tribus, in penultimo quatuor, in ultimo obscurioribus, sex vel septem ; apertura ovata, labro crassiusculo, sinu perobscuro, columella recta, canali brevi.
Long. 7°50, lat. 2 mm.
Hab. Karachi.
A very attenuate species, fusiform, solid, eight-whorled, inclusive of the two glassy shining apical, longitudinally strongly ribbed; ribs few, being seven on the last whorl, crossed spirally with few intersecting liree, and between these run many fine striations. J’he aperture is ovate, outer lip thickened, sinus very obscure, columella straight, canal short.
Allied in form to MZ. fulvocincta, Nevill, an Indian species, but more attenuate, and with only two, as against four, vitreous apical whorls. Dimensions about the same.
Mangilia theskeloides*, sp. n. (PI. I. fig. 6.)
M. testa fusiformi, versus apicem attenuata, solidiuscula; anfractibus septem, apicali (in nostris speciminibus imperfecto) nigrescente, ceteris turritis, ventricosulis, lete ochraceis, apud suturas et ad medium anfractus ultimi inter costas brunneo-zonatis, et aliter superficie omni brunneo-ochraceo sparsim depicta, costis longitu- dinalibus fortibus spiraliter striatis, anfractu ultimo ad undecim ; apertura angusta, oblonga; labro exteriore albo, incrassato, sinu perobscuro; columella recta, apud basim brunnescente,
Long. 8, lat. 4 mm, (sp. maj.).
Hab. Karachi.
Shell fusiform, attenuate towards the apex, somewhat solid, seven-whorled, the apical whorl imperfect in all the examples examined, tinged with blackish brown; the rest of the whorls are turreted, tumid, brightly ochraceous, orna- mented with strong longitudinal ribs, which number eleven on the last whorl ; these are crossed by spiral close strie, which are not shown on older worn specimens. The most conspicuous feature is a series of darker blackish-brown zones,
* Theskeloides, from the resemblance to M, theskela.
88 Mr. J. C. Melvill on the
one just above the suture of each whorl and another in the centre of the lowest; these zones are interrupted and only appear between the ribs, the remainder of the surface being painted with light brown scattered dots and flames, a series of light spiral maculations just below the sutures being specially prominent. The aperture is narrow, oblong, the dark zone shows transversely across the interior. Outer lip incrassate, sinus very obscure. Columella straight, stained with brown at the base.
The three nearest species to this interesting Mangila are, perhaps, bella, Reeve, interrupta, Reeve, and theskela, Melv. & Stand., all abundant at Lifu, the form being totally dif- ferent, while in markings those of bella and theskela seem to be combined. ‘Tryon, I may mention, unites the two former of these species; nothing could be more distinct in my opinion. I consider, too, that I. thtasotes,