n ,u -i :-: vi m>gi !i»i books * « i i - i i ! s t rrrn»«Hi s, ururuAD rm i/cctamc AMn u/adtuimC H w i.- 2.- 3-- 4- li Fi m re JBequeatbeo to Gbe library of tbe IflntvereU^ of Toronto bB professor XKU. 5. flDilner Length (ins.) 26 28 Width „ 17 17! Depth ,, 10 io£ Cash Price 30/- 32/3 Trunk Hikers since 1820. 3° 32 7 8 -»- SO l8 I Si Ed^wareRoad ir ni london, Tar. 15 6 38/6 Near Marble Arch THE SCOTTISH WIDOWS' = FUND = LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. Accumulated Funds - £21,500,000 The whole Profits are divided among Members. Next Division of Profits, 31st Dec, 1913. All With-Profit Policies effected this year will share. For Quotations and Prospectuses apply to : — HEAD OFFICE: 9, St. Andrew Sq., Edinburgh. LONDON : 28, Comhill, E.C., & 5, Waterloo Place, 8.W. PERFUMED FURNITURE STONE'S CREAM (S.A.S.E.) FREE FROM FINGER-MARKS. LITTLE LABOUR. PERFECT POLISH. PLEASANT PERFUME. In Bottles, 6d„ 1/-, 2/6, and 5/- each. Nat. Tel 96 Manufacturers— STONE & SON, CHEMISTS, EXETER. Temperance Permanent Building Society, 4, 6 & 8, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, EX. REDUCED MONTHLY REPAYMENTS. For each £100 advanced, including Principal, Premium, an J Interest : — 10 years. 12 years. 14 years. 15 yaars. £111 18 4 16 4 15 6 Tiies3 are believed to be the Lowest Repayments of any B lildini Society in Lonlon. EDWARD WOOD. Manager. Insure in THE WESTMINSTER FIRE OFFICE A.D. 1717 Head Office: 27, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. Applications for Agencies Invited. MODERATE RATES. PERFECT SECURITY. Prompt and Liberal Settlement of Claims. "The Ideal Beverage." CYMONS' ^DEVONSHIRE QYDER Simplifies the Summer Drink Difficulty! A MATURE and * "*■ delicious liquor, the juice of the finest Devonshire Apples. It is supplied dry or sweet with a body and flavour due to expert blending of the fruit. The Cham- pagne of Cyders ! Obtainable from Fruit Mills— TOTNES, DEVON And Ratcliff, London, E., or Wine Mer- chants, &o. I S rABLISHED 1885. ESTABLISHED 1885. GENERAL ACCIDENT FIRE AND LIFE ASSURANCE CORPORATION, LIMITED. Business transacted — Accident Fire. Life. Workmen's Compensation, Motor Car, Burglary, Fidelity Guarantee. Driving Accidents. Live Stock, Plate Glass, and Farmers' Insurances. Chief Offices General Buildings. Perth, Scotland. General Buildings, Aldwych, London. ASSETS OVER CLAIMS PAID £2,000,000 £5,000,000 General Manager-F. NORIE-MILLER, J.P. NOTE. — The Bonds of the Corporation are accepted by all departments of His Majesty's Government. Keeps yon fit for travelling^ jWestphaliaTi Liqueui^Gin, A?oointmen//o van The House of Lords and the House of Commons 250 GrandPrix.GoId Medals etc J':. Pun choicest Juniper Ben- Malt, and famous Natural Wa in distilled by a secret process, formula for which is the care guarded heirloom of KOMI i ..h 1'. Sole Producers. Highest Medical Autho ii'i Ko in all cases of Kidney. Bladder, and : Troubles. It is a grand Pick-me-up. cleansing the system from impurities, and restoring lost appetite speedily. Wl.y nol tr> KONH, s to-day - Lither as a liqueur oT diluted. L'sed in the Kaiser's anrl princip.-il Royal Households. hi J] Stores Mill W i .- Kercbui •. U4/6P" '"'"■ must fce K0NIGS. ^nlike everv othtf^ KONlGSV^estphalianC "* famous SUinW^ ^leRoyal Liqueur i**-»i«dj{.»Sj»p»«-«*-/ ^HouseV Lords® Q House ef Commons^ ^ladLLfc.sStc"**' ."•MlOtO ^50GRA*I,,I,• GoU ,. j c.i..„ Menak"1 THE London City & Midland Bank ESTABLISHED 1836. Limited. directors : Sir Edward H. Holden, Bart., Chairman and Managing Director. William Graham Bradshaw, Esq., London, Deputy-Chairman. The Right Hon. Lord Airedale, Leeds John Howard Gwyther, Esq., London Sir Percy E. Bates, Bart., Liverpool Arthur T. Keen, Esq., Birmingham Robt. Clover Beazley, Esq., Liverpool The Rt. Hon. Lord Pirrie, K.P., Sir Wm. B. Bowring, Bart., Liverpool London John Alexander Christie, Esq., London The Right Hon Lord j^^ David Dav.es, Esq., M.P Llandinam Manchester Frank Dudley Docker, Esq., C.B., Birmingham Thomas Royden, Esq., Liverpool Frederick Hynde Fox, Esq., Liverpool William Fitzthomas Wyley, Esq., H. Simpson Gee, Esq., Leicester Coventry Joint General Managers, J. M. Madders, S. B. Murray, and F. Hyde. Secretary, Edward J. Morris. Head Office: 5, THREADNEEDLE ST., LONDON, E.C. Telegraphic Address — Telephone — " Cimidho, Slock, London." 2481 London Wall. PAID-UP CAPITAL - £3,989,237 RESERVE FUND - - . £3,390,313 DEPOSITS ... £83,000 000 The Bank has Branches and Sub-Branches in London, the suburbs and throughout the country. It also has Agents in all the principal Cities of the world. Every kind of Banking business is transacted at the Head Office and Branches. Bills, Annuities, Coupons, and Dividends are collected in all parts of • the United Kingdom, the Colonies, and in Foreign Countries. The Foreign Branch Office: FINCH LANE, E.C. Telegraphic Address — ■ Telephone — " Cinnaforex, Stock, London." 2481 London Wall. Issues Currency Drafts on all Cities, Circular Letters of Credit and Circular Xotes payable all over the world : also makes Mail and Telegraphic Transfers toall Cities. Collects Foreign Bills. Purchases approved Foreign Bills. Establishes Commercial Credits on behalf of Customers available anywhere against the usual shipping documents. Drafts, &c, may be obtained direct from the Head Office or Branches, which are always ready to give quotations. THE SHIPPING DEPARTMENT Telegraphic Address — Telephone— " Cinnaship, Stock, London." 2 481' London Wall Is specially organised to look after Shipowners' Freight Remittances from, and Disbursements to, all parts of the world by mail or cable. t ARE YOU INDIFFERENT as to the value you may receive for the Life Assurance Premiums you may pay ? If not, write tj AUSTRALIAN MUTUAL PROVIDENT SOCIETY, (7. THREADNEEDLE STREET, LONDON, E.C. There are more than 80 Companies doing Life Assurance business in the United Kingdom. The Benefits granted by such 0 Sees vary to an enormous extent. Taking examples from Stone & Cox's Bonus Tables [1912 issue), we find that for each £10 of Annual Premium paid by a man effecting an ordinary Whole Life Policy at age 30, the following range is exhibited : — Best Results shown. \Vi>r-t Results showt Original Assurance 4l5 -TO Policy with B:nus Accumulations Actual Results ot Results in 30 years, bused on past 30 years. the last rate of bonus only. i, 771 552 759 476 / THE BEST RESULTS are those of the j AUSTRALIAN MUTUAL PROVIDENT ( SOCIETY- (The A.M. P.) f arising under a system of Annual Distribution of Bonus and a scale ) f Premiums unchanged since the foundation of the Society in 1849. S Funds, £30,000,000. Annual Income, £3,750,000 j " A stronger Life Office does not exist, and the bonus record df the Society is C truly remarkable."— Saturday Review* ) "The conditions it now presents make the maintenance or improvement of its \ returns to polic3'-holders practically certain." — The Insurance Spectator. BRAN D'S IMPORTANT TO TOURISTS! MEAT LOZENGES for TOURISTS, ATHLETES, INVALIDS. "A meal in your vest pocket. IN BOXES, 1 - and 1/4 BRAND & CO., LTD., Mayfalr Works, Vauxhall, LONDON, S.W. NO HOT IRON or other means of HEATING when using MELANYL MARKING INK. Simple process without worry. New Metallic Pen with every bottle. Nickel linen stretcher with each 1/- size. Of all Stationers and Chemists. COOPER DENNISON & WALKDEN LTD., 7 and 9, St. Bride Street, London, E.C. TO THE THRIFTY. CHURCH OF ENCLAND TEMPERANCE AND CENERAL PERMANENT Phone: No. 5409 Holborn. DM I QINC SOCIETY lncorP° 7"«/s.,"Thriftdom, London."' A Good rated 1882. nvestment INVESTING SHARES i£25) issued; payable in full or 1>\ instal- ments—Interest 4i°/o. No w ith- drawal fees or deductions. DEPOSITS received at i° /o, subject to 6 months' notice of withdrawal, and 3£°/0, on one months' notice. Interest on Shares and Deposits paid half-yearly. FREE OF IN- COME TAX, on 1st June and ist December. ADVANCES at moderate interest, repayable by easy monthly instal- ments over a period of 5 to 20 years — thus turning the rent into pur- chase-money— are made for Buy- ing-. Building and Improving House Property. Prompt Settlements. Survey fees, and Law Costs fixed and very reasonable. Why not become your own Landlord; Write/or Prospectus to Secretary, "THRIFTDOM" (Dept. 25 1. 22, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C. NORWICH UNION MUTUAL LIFE OFFICE because of its AGE, MAGNITUDE, RESERVE STRENGTH, PROFIT YIELD, ALERTNESS, and ECONOMY. THE OUTSTANDING BRITISH LIFE OFFICE. Head Office, Norwich. Branches and Agencies in ail Principal Towns. Face halt title] "ARGONAUT" ORIGINAL Varnish Stains Straw Hat Polish Washable Gold Paint THE MOST ARTISTIC and MOST ECONOMICAL. TRY THEM ! Of all Oilmen, Stores, &c. BEWARE OF IMITATIONS Plymouth & South-West Devon DELIGHTFUL STEAMER TRIP Through 90 Miles of Thames Scenery. ^M^^^^^ Dai,y Service (Sundays ^K^^^^^K cepted) from May to end SALOON STEAMERS run daily (Sundays excepted) between OXFORD, HENLEY, and KINGSTON. DOWN TRIP Oxford dep. . . 9.30 a.m., 2.30 P:m Wallingford arr.abt. 1.40 p.m., fi.40 p.m „ dep. abt. 2.40 p.m., y.o a.m Henley arr. about 7.0 p.m., 1.30 p.m „ dep. „ 9.50 a.m., 2.40 p.m Windsor arr. „ 1.45 p.m., 7.15 p.m », dep. „ 2.40 p.m., 9.16 a.m Kingston arr. „ 7.10 p.m., 1.30 p.m UP TRIP. Kingston dep. . 9.0 a.m., 2.30 p.! Windsor arr. about.1.40 p.m., 7.15 p.i dep. Henley arr. „ dep. Wallingford arr », dep. Oxford arr. „ 2.40 p.m., 9.15 a.n „ 7.15 p.m.. 1.40 p.m „ y.o a.m., 2.40 p.tr „ 140 p.m., 7^15 p.re „ 2.40 p.m., 9.0 a.ir .; 7.10 p.m., 1.16 p.n leave the hofti^L0^"?1^ tW° day,° each way' but P»««ger, can join o. leave the boat at any of the locks or regular stopping places. Circular Tickets for combined Ra.lway and SUamer Trip, are issued at most of the principal 6W R SftS* »t Water oo, Richmond and Kingston Stations, L. A s.W Railway! Time Tables giving full particular, of arrangements, fares, etc., post free Id] ROWING BOATS of all kind, lor Excursion, down the River J Charges which include Cartage back to Oxford | STEAM. ELECTRIC AND MOTOR LAUNCHES for Hire by the Day or Week, and also for the Trip. Full Particulars on application. A |.,„. *?"?■ "' f*S ^f^P**"- Canoa, Punu, etc., buOt to order. A large .election, both New and Second-hand, kept In readiness for Sale or Hire. Illustrated Price List* may be had on application BOUSE BOATS FOR SALE OR HIRE, <* ALSO BUILT TO ORDER. SALTER BROTHERS, Boat Builders, Folly Bridge, OXFORD, ML pictorial atto Descriptive (Suifce TO PLYMOUTH, STONEHOUSE and DEVONPORT • WITH EXCURSIONS By RIVER, ROAD and SEA. PLAN OF THE THREE TOWNS, MAP OF THE DISTRICT AND MAP OF SOUTH DEVON. FORTY ILLUSTRATIONS. tfiftb JE&ition-1Rev>tseD anD 1Re. LONDON : WARD, LOCK & CO., LIMITED, Warwick House, Salisbury Square, E.C. Most Convenient Situation in UNDO for Pleasure or Business (Opposite the Abbey and Houses of Parliament) Tlis Westminster Palace Hotel. Commodious. Comfortable, First-class Establishment. Spacious Reception Rooms. Self-contained Suites. NO CHARGE FOR SERVICE OR ELECTRIC LIGHT. Bedrooms from 3/6 upwards. Inclusive Rates from 11 /-each. A FIREPROOF BUILDING. PASSENGER LIFTS. ALL LATEST MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. TELEGRAMS: TELEPHONES: " Hostelry London." 70 & 5134 Westminster. MAPS AND PLANS. Plan of Plymouth, Devonport and Stonehouse . . Frontispiece Sketch Map showing Areas included in South Devon Guides PP- 8~9 Map of South Devon Faces p. 25 Plymouth and District ..... Faces p. 87 CONTENTS. Introduction — pace Plymouth as a Holiday Centre — Great Western Route — London & South- Western Route — Westward by Road — To Plymouth by Sea — Hotels and Tariffs ... 7 The Three Towns — Historical Associations — Drake and the Armada — Ply- mouth and Greater Britain — The Mayflower — Captain Cook — Local Worthies — A Literary Note . . .25 Preliminary Information — A Summary of Useful Facts, arranged Alphabetically . 36 In and About Plymouth — . . . . . • 51 Stonehouse ........ 73 Devonport ........ 75 Excursions by River and Sea — I. The Sound, the Hamoaze, and Cattewater (" The Four Rivers Trip ") . . . -85 II. The Breakwater and Cawsand . . -91 III. Up the Tamar . . . . . -92 IV. To St. Germans . . . . . -97 V. To the Mouth of the Yealm . . . .98 VI. To the Eddystone Lighthouse .... 100 VII. To Looe, Polperro, Fowey, etc. . . . 101 VIII. To Dartmouth and Torquay .... 102 IX. To Brest 103 Short Walks Round Plymouth — I. Mount Edgcumbe — Maker — Cawsand — Penlee Point — Rame Head ..... 104 II. Saltram Park. ...... 108 III. Crown Hill — Tamerton Foliot — St. Budeaux — Pennycross ....... 109 IV. The South Hams District . . . .110 Excursions by Rail, Road and Moorland Track — (a) By Great Western Railway — I. Plympton and Plymbridge . . . .114 II. Cornwood — Hawns and Dendles . . . 117 III. Ivybridge and Neighbourhood . . . .118 IV. South Brent — Kingsbridge, etc. . . .119 CONTENTS -the Dewerstone — Excursions, etc., contd. V. Bickleigh— Shaugh Bridg Bickleigh Vale ...... VI. Yelverton — Dousland — Buckland Abbey — Meavy — Walkhampton VII. Horrabridge and Virtuous Lady Mine VIII. Sheeps Tor and Burrator Reservoir (b) By the South- Western Railway — I. Bere Ferrers and Lopwell II. Bere Alston, Calstock, etc. Coaching and Cycling .... Short Excursions into Cornwall — I. Whitsands — Downderry — St. Germans Hut II. Saltash — Apple Tree Cot — Antony Woods III. Liskeard — Caradon — the Cheesewring — the Hur- lers — St. Neot 127 127 129 130 132 135 136 133 141 Index Directory 0! Hotels, Boarding Houses, Estate Agents and Business Establishments {see after p. 6 and at e>ui of Book). ILLUSTRATIONS. Faces page The Hoe 32 Drake's Statue on the Hoe 33 Mayflower Stone, The Bar- bican 33 The Promenade Pier . . 48 Plymouth, from the Hoe . 49 The Clock Tower . . .52 The Hoe and Smeaton's Lighthouse .... 53 Marine Biological Labora- tory and Cattewater . 60 The Barbican ... 61 St. Andrew's Church and Guildhall Square. . . 64 St. Andrew's Church . . 65 The Guild Hall . . . . 65 Free Library, Museum and Art Gallery .... 68 Royal William Victualling Yard 69 Mount Wise 76 Royal Naval Barracks, Devonport .... 77 Keyham Dockyard. . . 80 Faces page Devonport Park . . .81 The Hamoaze .... 84 Drake's Island, from Mount Edgcumbe .... 85 Royal Albert Bridge . . 92 Cothele House .... 93 St. Germans Church and Port Eliot .... 96 The Yealm, showing New- ton and Noss. ... 97 The Eddystone Lighthouse 100 Kingsand 101 Beechwood Cottage, Mount Edgcumbe .... 108 Stonehouse, from Mount Edgcumbe .... 109 Newton and Noss . . .112 Ermington Church . . -113 On the Erme, near Ivy- bridge 113 Plym bridge 116 Hawns and Dendles . .117 Bickleigh Vale . . . .124 Sheeps Tor 125 Hotels, Hydropathic Establishments, and Boarding House Directory Devon Series, 1913-14] Bovey Tracey The DOLPHIN FAMILY HOTEL, Coaching & Posting House, BOVEY TRACEY. C"* OOD Accommodation for Tourists and Families. T Posting in all its Branches. Four-in-hand Coaches, Chars-a-Bancs and Brakes, Landaus, Waggonettes, &c, of every description. Horses taken in at Livery. Motor Garage. THE ONLY COACH EXCURSIONS OYER DARTMOOR IN THE DISTRICT. Four-horse Coach Excursions over Dartmoor, from April to October, inclusive, particulars of which can be obtained from the Proprietor. This Hotel affords excellent oppor- tunities for Fishing, and is on the edge of Dartmoor. HOTEL CHARGES MODERATE. ELECTRIC LIGHT. Telephone No. 13. A. WRIGHT, Proprietor. MOORLAND HOTEL, Haytor Rock, Ilsington, Devon, THE nearest Hotel to the Rock. 1,100 feet above the Sea, on the far-famed Dartmoor, commanding extensive views of the surrounding country, while the sea is easily discernible in the distance, at Teignmouth and Tor Bay, from all front windows. Is a perfect Health Resort. Dartmoor Coaches pass the door daily. Contains large Public and Private Rooms, Billiard Room, &c. Electric Light. Bowling Green, Tennis and Croquet Lawns. Perfect Sanitation. Excellent Cuisine. Posting. Good Hunting Centre. Motor Garage. Motor. STATION— BOVEY TRACEY. Telegrams- "ILSINGTON." LETTERS— NEWTON ABBOT. Mrs. L. HELLIER, Proprietress. Telephone No. 7 Haytor Vale. Barnstaple — Bideford — Clovelly — Dulvertori BARNSTAPLE, N. DEVON. IMPERIAL HOTEL. Patronised by Princess Christian & Princess Victoria. First-class Residential and amily. Best centre for whole " North Devon. Beautifully tuated in own grounds, over- oking River Taw, compris- § ing several Drawing Rooms, ~ Private Suites, and fifty Bed- rooms ; Reading, Smoking and Billiard Rooms. Electric Light. Garage. Head- quarters of the R.A.M.C, M.U., & A. A. Tel. 100. C. A. YOU1NGS, Proprietor. BIDEFORD. The Leading hotel. ROYAL HOTEL (Central for Clovelly, Westward Ho ! and all North Devon). PACING the ancient Long Bridge, this well-known first-class Hotel commands extensive patronage by reason of the increased comfort and strictly moderate charges initiated by the new management. The bedrooms are large and comfortable, and the service is excellent. The Dining Hall and other public rooms open into a fine Central Palm Court Lounge. Electric Light is installed throughout and the sanitation is perfect. Private Suites, including the panelled " Kingsley Room" (see photo, p. 13.) can be engaged on Moderate Terms. Large Garage and Repair Works. Cars and Carriages for Hire. Apply MANAGERESS. CLOVELLY. PENGILLY'S RESTAURANT, HIGH STREET. GOOD LUNCHEONS, Fruit and Cream included, 1/5. TEAS, 6d., 9d., and 1/- APARTMENTS. Boarding Terms from 5/- to 6/- per day, 30/- to 35/- per week. C.T.C. Mrs. SMALE, Proprietress. DULVERTON, SOMERSET. THE LION HOTEL. Family and Commercial. rfJLECTRIC Light Throughout. Central for Devon and Somerset J& Staghounds, and neighbouring Packs. Good Salmon Trout Fishing, Free to Visitors. Hunters, Hacks, and Carriages. Good Accommodation for Motorists. Garage Pit. P. O. Telephone 4. STRICTLY MODERATE TERMS. C. D. GRAHAME, Proprietor Dulvjrton DULVERTON. Head Qtrs. R.A.C., M.U., & A. A. CARNARVON ARMS HOTEL. •ftiRACING, Sporting, Countrv Life. Five miles private Trout Fishing. JW Stag, Fox, Otter Hunting. Golf, Tennis, Billiards. Also WMte Horse, Exford. 830 ft. Moorland Trout Fishing. Lorna Doone Land. Telephone: 2. Wire " NELDER, Dulverton." (Booklet.) THE CARNARVON ARMS GARAGE & MOTOR WORKS, M. H. SPENCER & E. Telephone No. 3. Dulverton. W. P. ANDERSON. — Dulverion. P.O. TelegTams: "SPENCER, DULVEKION." Motor Car Experts. Cars on hire. Repairs, Petrol, Oils, Accessories, &c. Dunlop Micllelin, and Continental tyres stocked. Accumulators Recharged. Always open. bole District Agents for "Gladiator," "Siddeley" and "Singer" Cars. Mo. or Cui Insurance. Tyre Repairs by H.F. Vulcan iter. Exeter S T O N £1 S ESSENCE OF S.A.S.E.) RENNET. NEVER FAILS, and will keep for years in the hottest climate. STONE'S RENNET will make a JUNKET IN THREE MINUTES. In Bottles, 6d., Is., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each. Manufacturers— STONE & SON, CHEMISTS, EXETER. Nat. Tel. 96. EXETER. MURCH, GOFF & CO., The CATHEDRAL RESTAURANT (OPPOSITE THE CATHEURAL). Oldest Established. Central for Cyclists & Motorists. Choice Wines, Ales, &c. Nat. 'Phone No. 298. GOOD BEDS. THE HANDY TOURING ATLAS OF THE BRITISH ISLES. Specially prepared for CYCLISTS, MOTORISTS, and TRAVELLERS. Cloth, 1/- net. Lambskin, 2/- net. Size: 6 in. by 4 in. LONDON: WARD, LOCK & CO., LIMITED. THE HANDY SHILLING ATLAS OF THE WORLD. Containing 120 Maps. New and Revised Edition. 15S pp. Gazetteer. A most useful little book of reference. Literally packed with reliable information on all subjects of geographical interest. Cloth, 1/- net. Lambskin, 2/- net. Size: 6 in. by 4 in. LONDON: WARD. LOCK & CO., LIMITED, 5 Exeter J. & G. RO Clerical, Naval, and Military Tailors The Coats for QUR COATS are PURE WOOL, and never, have the damp feeling of Cotton or Linen Imitations now so largely used by various makers. The Pure Wool Smoke Ta-i Waterproof "Rojcut" with Swing Sleeve (Reg.), lor Gentlemen, From 55/- Don't be deceived by IMITATIONS Exeter ss 227 High Street, Exeter, and 32 Old Bond Street, London. Telephone Nos. — 46 Exeter. 1312 Mayfair Telegrams — " Zugon, Exeter." " Roscutor, London." Outfits to all parts of the World all Climates Patterns and Illus- trated Catalogue of Sporting garments post-free. # Send height, and size round chest, with Cheque or Postal Order, and a Coat shall be sent by return, or made and des- patched in three days. Don't be deceived by IMITATIONS The Pure Wool Smoke Tan Waterproof "Roscut" with Swing Sleeve (Reg.), for Ladies, From 50/- Exmouth E H O W8 FACING THE SFA ►J W H O E ■J < I— I Ix] Oh flHVd 3IVAIHd HI ONIdNVIS Ilfracombe ILFRACOMBE. THE DUDLEY Boarding Establishment (SITUATED on the *"*^ level (a special feature)', adjoining the Capstone Hill and Parade and Victoria Pavilion. Close to the Rocks, with a private flight of steps leading to the Beach. Magnificent and Uninterrupted Sea View, embracing about 80 miles of the Bristol Channel, enabling visitors to have a full view of the Excursion Steamers and all other vessels which pass quite close to the Drawing and Dining Room Windows. Spacious Dining Room and Lounge, with Balconies just over- hanging the Sea. Smoking, Bath, and Private Sitting Rooms. Private Tennis Court. Two minutes' walk from the Pier. Boating, Coaching, and Motoring Excursions arrarjged. Personal Supervision. MODERATE TERMS. Phone 181. Mrs. F. H. COLWILL, Proprietress. ILFRACOMBE. North Devon. THE GRANVILLE. Fi rst-class Boarding Establishment. 2,000 References in Visitors' Books. Magnificent Sea and Land Views. New Lounge. Forty-four Bed- rooms. Baths. Balconies. Electric Light. Separate Tables. Billiards. Comfort. Sociability. Good Cooking. Bijou Guide gratis. W. R. FOSTER, Proprietor. 9 Ilfracombe ILFRACOMBE. "Grosvenor" Boarding Estab. First-class En Pension. ' !■• ; spti. i Lounge Recently Adda 1. Table d'Hote. Separate Tables. Replete with Every Comlort. Moderate. Mrs. PICKETT, Proprietress. ST. PETROC ILFRACOMBE. SELECT PRIVATE BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT. CLOSE to Tors Walks, on level, three minutes' from Sea Front Perfect Sanitary Arrangements. Smoke Room. 30 Bedrooms. Table d'Hote 7 p.m. Separate Tables. Good Cuisines. Terms Moderate and Inclusive. Under Personal Supervision of Proprietor. Illustrated Tariff on application. Tel. 119. W. L. CHADDER, Proprietor 10 Ilfracombe — Lynton ILFRACOIVl BE. IMPERIAL HOTEL. UNIQUE SITUATION, FACING SEA AND CAPSTONE. ELECT It IC LIGHT, PASSENGER LIFT. "7THIS well-known and first-class Private Hotel, replete with comfort and luxury, \i* contains 100 Apartments, elegant Lounge, Drawing, Billiard, and Ball Rooms," Balconies. Golf. En pension, from 42 '- to Zh guineas, according to room and season. For Illustrated Tariff, apply to LEuNARD f ARSONS, Manager. CHAS DREW (Oswestry), Proprietor. Telegrams— "Imperial Hotel, Hfracombe." National Telephone No 22. THE QUEEN'S HOTEL (Family, Commercial, & Coaching). Opposite Genera] Post Office. Under same Proprietor and Management. Apply for Illustrated Tariff. En pension, from 42/-. Motor Garage. LYNTON, N. Devon. FAIRHOLM HIGH-CLASS Boarding Establishment. Beautifully situated in own Grounds, on the sunny side of a hill, about 400 feet above, and facing Sea ; commanding Finest Views of Sea and Coast, River Lyn, and far-famed Watersmeet Valley. Also ^WTATERLOO HOUSE OLDEST Established Boarding House in Lynton Every Comfort. Moderate Terms. Private Board and Apartments if required. H. and C. Baths. Electric Light. Terms on application o— The Misses COURTEEX & MADDOCKS. Tels.. " Fairholme. Lvnton." CDree Useful Books Price ONE SHILLING EACH. THE YOUNG WIFE'S ADVICE BOOK Edited by GEORGE BLACK, M.B. Edin., & other Eminent Authorities A Guide for Mothers on Health and Self-Management, and the Care of the Baby. Thoroughly up-to-date with latest medical information and advice. THE MOTHER'S ADVICE BOOK By Dr. HARRY ROBERTS A Guide to the Management of Children, their feeding, clothing, education, and training ; and on the symptoms and treatment of the diseases and complaints of childhood. THE HOUSEHOLD DOCTOR By GEO. BLACK, M.B. Edin., and others A home volume describing the Symptoms and Treatment of all Diseases, with instructions in regard to various ailments, such as colds, cuts, bruises, &c. WARD, LOCK & CO., LTD., Salisbury Square, London, E.C. 1 1 Lvnmouth LYNMOUTH. BEVAN'S LYN VALLEY HOTEL T3 t) C 2 u c c O £ w J r; C O a bo - •5 £ 3 • £r Hi °" 2. ft ?=Z! »3 "* 3& 0 » 3* ■ s r° < 3 5. COACHES TO MINEHEAD AND ILFRACOMBE DAILY. PLEASE NOTE ADDRESS. Electric Light throughout. GOOD SALMON AND TROUT FISHING. SEA FISHING.— Man and Boats kept for the use of Visitors staying in the Hotel. GOLF LINKS. BATHING. TENNIS. MODERATE TARIFF. Telephone No. 46. GARAGE. I. P. PETROL. Officially Appointed for R.A.C. WORKSHOP. Mrs. CECIL BEVAN, Proprietress. Telegrams — " Bevan, Lyxmouth." Lyn mouth LYNMOUTH, NORTH DEVON. LYNDALE HOTEL The Oldest Established First-class Family Hotel in Lynmouth. Nearest Hotel to Watersmeet, Doone Valley, and Most Central for Devon & Somerset Staghounds. CHARGES STRICTLY MODERATE. Electric Light throughout. HE^a-DQUAK-TEKS A.. A. MOTOR GARAGE. PETROL. SALMON & TROUT FISHING. Ilfraeombe and Minehead Coaches stop at Hotel. Conveyances meet all Trains. GOOD S7^.SI.XZff <3K Tel. 45 Telegrams— " LYNDALE, LYNMOUTH." Lynton Exchange. A. W. GAYDON, Proprietress. Minehead THE PARADE, MINEHEAD COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHERS, CARPET WAREHOUSEMEN, UPHOLSTERERS, CABINET MAKERS, HOUSE AGENTS, AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS. FURNITURE REMOVERS. Estimates Free, DRY ROOMS FOR WAREHOUSING. Moderate Charges. EXTENSIVE CARPET AND FU RN ITU RE SHOWROOMS. Pianos on Sale or Hire. Experienced Workers only employed, and with strict personal attention given, the best work in each department is guaranteed. 'Phone, No. 23. Wood, Parade, Minehead. THE PARADE, MINEHEAD M Minehead — Moreton Hampstead — Mortehofi IKE IWT3 XX3ES A X» . WELLINGTON FAMILY HOTEL Headquarters West Somerset Polo Club. /TENTRAL for Meets of Devon and Somerset Staghounds, West Somerset *** and other Packs of Foxhounds, Harriers, &c. Close to Golf Links. Billiards. H. & C. Baths. Good Stabling. Loose Boxes, &c. Garage. Telephone 22. H. WESTACOTT, Proprietor. AVENUE PRIVATE HOTEL Stands in own grounds of J acre. Within minute's walk of Station and Sands. Close to Golf Links and Pier. Refurnished throughout. Telephone 22A. MANAGERESS. MORETON HAMPSTEAD. whiteTJorse hotel CENTRE for Dartmoor. Fingal Bridge (3! miles), Grimspound (6 miles), Cranbrook and Wooston (2 \ miles), Torquay Waterworks and Blackingstone Rock (4! miles). Large Garage. Posting in all its Branches. Headquarters of R. A. C.,M.U.& C.T.C. The Scenery around is most romantic. The air very bracing, and the healthiest town in the United Kingdom. J. GRAY, Proprietor. Postal and Telegraphic Address — '' Gray's Hotel." MORTEHOE, N. DEVON. j£±. 1? 2E3 3E2, 25 3ME H 0E8 T -" FIRST-CLASS Private Boarding Establishment. Charmingly situated in its own grounds, adjoin- ing Sea and Beach with private path thereto, and close to the famous Woolacombe Sands. Good Bathing close to house. Tennis, Croquet, and Bowls. Golf Links (18-hole). South Aspect. Highest of references in Visitors' Books. Moderate and Inclusive Terms. A. E. CHUGG, Proprietor. 15 Mortehoe — Okehampton--Porlock MORTEHOE, N. Devon. " GLENHAVEN " BoarMna Establishment. C*TANDING in own Grounds, overlooking Sea. Private ***^ Apartments. High-class. Good Accommodation for Families. Every Comfort. Personal Supervision. Also It-roomed Furnished House & Cottage to Let. Golf. Shooting. Special Winter Terms. Mrs. W. G. CONIBEAR. OKE HAMPTON. WHITE HART HOTEL COACHING TRIPS OTER DARTMOOR. /^>N the borders of Dartmoor. Main Line L. & S. W. Railway. Midway Vd*' between Exeter and Plymouth, and amidst some of the most beautiful and romantic scenery in Devonshire, including the far-famed Yes Tor (2,030 feet high), High Willhays (2,039 fe^t high), Okehampton Castle, Fingle Bridge, Lydford, Waterfalls, &c. Electric Light. 'Bus meets Trains. Billiards. Good Fishing Free to Visitors staying at the Hotel. Posting in all its Branches. Garage Free. Motor Cars on Hire. JOHN G. HEYWOOD, Proprietor. Telegrams — " White Hart, Okehampton." PORLOCK, SOMERSET. THE SHIP HOTEL. T^HIS Hotel has been recently enlarged, and visitors will find every accommodation at Moderate Charges. Coaches call daily during the summer months at this old- established Hotel. Hot and Cold Luncheons. Good Stabling. Posting in all its Branches. Most Central for all the Devon and Somerset Staghounds. Good Accommoda- tion for Hunters. Motor Garage and Petrol. Telephone No. 7. WILLIAM ROOK, Proprietor. LONDON IS MORE CONFUSING THAN EVER UNLESS YOU HAVE Too GUIDE TO LONDON IT SOLVES ALL DIFFICULTIES. In two styles, 1/- and 2/6- The best and latest Maps and Plans, over ioo Illustrations, and 300 pages of des- criptive matter as readable as any novel. OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. 16 Plymouth PLYMOUTH. NOTICE TO VISITORS TO PLYMOUTH. H. Matthews & Sons' (LIMITED) Restaurant anit Cnnfertinturi) (Establishments Will be found most convenient <£• comfortable for Visitors, Tourists, &c, FOR LUNCH, DINNERS, TEAS, &c. LARGE SPACIOUS DINIKG AND TEA ROOMS. Printed Menu Daily with Tariff of Charges. CHOICE WINES, ALES, &c. 11 and 12, BEDFORD STREET. CLOSE TO THE GUILDHALL. Nat. Telephone No. 478. Devon Series, 1913-14] 1 7 Saunton Sands — Sidmouth SAUNTON, N. DEVON. Saunton Sands Hotel. One of the finest Health Resorts on the N.Devon Coast. Saunton is un- equalled for Sunshine, Safe Bathing, and its Sands. Overlooks the sea, and is replete with every Modern Comiort. Affords opportunity for a quiet unconventional holiday. GOLF LINKS (18 holes). GARAGE. HEADQUARTERS M. U. & A. A. Telegrams : " Hotel Saunton." Railway Station : Braunton (L. & S. W. Ry.). A. V. YOUINGS, Proprietor. SIDMOUTH, SOUTH DEVON. BEDFORD HOTEL. Oy THE SEA FBONT. A First-class Family and Residential Hotel, with all modern improvements and every comfort. Beau- tiful climate, sunny and bracing, equable for Win- ter or Summer. Close to Medical Baths. Large Dining, Drawiug, Smok- ing, and Private Sitting Rooms. First-class Bil- liard Room. EXCELLENT CUISINE. MODERATE TARIFF. Special Terms for Winter Residents. Mrs. J. P. MILLEN, Proprietress. NATIONAL TELEPHONE No. 47. 18 Sidmouth SIDMOUTH (South Coast), DEVON. THE VICTORIA HOTEL 5ITUATE0 near western end of Esplanade, near to Brine Baths, and conveniently to Golt Links. Commands magnificent Sea and Coast Views, Surrounded by fine well-sheltered Pleasure Gardens, Walks, and Terraces. Perfect Sanitary Arrange- ments. Electric Light throughout. Passenger Lift Specially designed for Invalids. Large and commodious Bedrooms and Private Sitting Rooms ; handsomely furnished. Dining and DrawingRooms ; spacious Smoking Lounge, Reading, and Billiard Rooms. Excellent Cuisine and well-selected Wines. Outside Iron Staircase Escapes. Motor Garage, with Inspection Pit. In consideration of subsidies paid by the Victoria Hotel, its guests have special privileges at the Sidmouth Brine Baths and at the Golf Links, 20 per cent, being allowed off their charges or subscription. Nat. TeL 11. For Terms, Particulars, Illustrated Guide, &c, apply to JAMES MACGUIRE, MANAGER. An alphabetically arranged List of Hotels, Boarding Establishments, and Estate Agents, at the Principal Holiday and Health Resorts, will be found at the end of this Guide 19 Torquay OSBORNE HOTEL, TORQUAY. Facing Sea. South Aspect. Electric Lift to all Floors. Electric Light. New Lounge, Billiard, and Writing Rooms. Private Grounds extending to Meadfoot Beach. Tennis, Croquet, Golf, Boating, and Bathing. Telegrams — " Osbonqtel." Telephone No. 183. Motors and Carriages. E. E. WESTAVVAY. Garage with Pit. TORQUAY. ROSLIN HALL. PRIVATE HOTEL. ■wt*Wl ^Ciirf"**^ *JJiM& _ Ideally Situated. Excellent- Cuisine. Inclusive Terms. Garage. Tennis and Croquet in Within easy access to Golf Links. Mrs. WM. GRESHAM. own Grounds. Telephone 113. 20 Torquay TORQUAY. TOURAINE Private Hotel. flRST-CLASS. Fine Position, with Splendid Sea View. South Aspect. Central for Town and Pavilion, &c; Moderate Tariff. Personal Supervision. Misses GUNN & MACLUMPHA 'Phone 622. Tels. " Touraine, Torquay. " SAVERNAKE BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT, Falkland Road, TORQUAY. Facing South Near Sea. Station, Town. Splendid Sea Views. Balcony. Heated in Winter. Every Comfort. Baths, Tennis, Croquet, and Billiards. Liberal Table. 'Bus passes the door every hour tor Golf Links. 'Phone 467. Terms fr. 30s. to 50s. Mrs. HAWKINS. TORQUAY. VICTORIA & ALBERT HOTEL Sheltered in Winter, and Shady in Summer. Comfortable General Lounge. Separate Smoking Lounge and New Billiard Lounge. All on the same floor and adjoining. Easy Access to Golf Links. GARAGE' For Tariff, apply to EMIL AHSB1 RG, Manager- 21 Torquay BEACON HOUSE, TORQUAY. BOARDING RESIDENCE and PRIVATE SUITES OF APARTMENTS. BEAUTIFUL Situation. South Aspect. Lovely Views of Torbay and surrounding Scenery. Sheltered from North' and East Winds. Central Position for all Places of Interest. A Refined and Comfortable Residence. Excellent & varied Cuisine. Large Drawing Rooms, opening on to Balconies, overlooking Torbay. Dining and Smoke Rooms. Bath Rooms (hot and cold water). Moderate Tariff. Terms on application. Telephone No. 391. Mrs. COOMBES CROSSLEY, Proprietress. THE GREAT ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE the WINDSOR Sd. MONTHLY. w m j Wm ' ■ ' - j mSIm jyg| N*9*r* TORQUAY. NEPAUL First-cIassBoarding Establishment. SOUTH Aspect. Good Sea and Land views. Sueltered from East Winds. Bath Room. Billiard Room. Terms Moderate. Electric Light Throughout. Garage. .Mrs. E. RICHARDS. 'Phone 215. Proprietress. Torquay — Westward Ho !— Woolacombe TORQUAY. EDENHURST. /^>NE of Torquay's Famous Family Mansions, brought up-to-date as a ^ Guest House, and conducted as a Private Country House. Near Pier, Bathing Coves, Pavilion, Torbay Yacht Club, and Electric Trams to Golf Clubs. Electric Light Throughout. Separate Tables. Billiards. Terraced Lawn, facing S.W., overlooking Sea and Harbour, affords one of the finest Panorama Views in the World. Telephone 589. Telegrams: "Edenhurst, Torquay." WESTWARD HO! (Central for Clovelly and all N. Devon). THE GOLDEN BAY HOTEL (And Royal Hotel). Overlooking the Sea and R.N.D. Golf Links. £HIS Hotel (formerly the Royal Hotel) has just been entirely remodelled, refurnished, and redecorated. Electric Light and other modern improvements have been added, and the Hotel now stands amongst the most com- fortable and best equipped Family and Residential Hotels in the Country. Fine Lounge with magnificent Sea Views. New Smoking, Drawing, and Dining Rooms. Private Suites with Bathrooms attached. Strictly Moderate Tariff. Special Golfers' Terms. Garage. Cars for Hire. Golfing, Fishing, Tennis, Croquet, and Magnificent Bathing. Telephone : No. 14. Telegrams: "Royal, Westward Ho!" Apply Manageress. Printer, Stationer, Bookseller, and View Publisher. F. BEER, PICTORIAL POST CARDS. GUIDE BOOKS. DEVON ART POTTERY. GOSS' HERALDIC PORCELAIN. Circulating Library All latent Jioo/cs 2d. per Vol. HOUSE ua^G^JEIKTT. POST OFFICE (Opposite Bay Hotel), WOOLACOMBE, " ISCA " House {Furnished) to Let, Splendid Position, Facing Sea. 23 Woolacombe W00LAC0MBE BAY HOTEL, WOOLACOMBE, N. DEVON. Station— MORTEHOE (collecting Station for Ilfracombe). SITUATED m its own extensive pleasure grounds of about sis acres Sloping down to the far-famed \\ uolacombe s, nds. Contain* spacious Dining Hall, Lounge, Drawing, Smoking, Writing, and Billiard Rooms; Children's Dining Hall and Children's Playroom ; Cycle Room, &c. Fine Sea and Coast Views, including Lundy Island, Morte and Hartland Points. A Perfect Health Resort. Thorough Comfort. Experienced Chef. Gas thr mehout. 200 Apartments. Reduced Tariff October to March, uOLF LINKS (18-Hole, very sporting course) two minutes from Hotel. Telegrams— " Hotel, Woolacombe." MOTOR GARAGE. For Illustrated Tariff, apply Manager. 24 INTRODUCTION. Plymouth as a Holiday Centre — Great Western Route — London and South-Western Route — Westward by Road — To Plymouth by Sea — Hotels and Tariffs. MOTHER of full forty Plymouths up and down the wide world, that wear her memory in their names, write it in the baptismal records of their chil- dren, and before the date of every outward letter," Plymouth is at once an important naval arsenal, a busy seaport, the seat of a considerable fishing industry, the commercial Metropolis of the West Country, and the centre of a typical Devonshire district combining the beauties of river, coast-line and moor. Plymouth, for so it is easiest to call the triumvirate which is known as the Three Towns — Plymouth, Devon- port and Stonehouse — is situated in the extreme south- west corner of Devon. It is 216 miles from London by road, and 225^ miles by rail by the Great Western direct route via Reading, Westbury and Castle Cary. The famous Cornish Riviera Limited Express covers this distance in 247 minutes, or a little over four hours, without a single stop. The distance by the Bristol and Bath route is 246 miles. The London and South-Wes- tern route is about 230 miles. From Exeter, the ancient capital of the county, Plymouth is 42 miles distant. Plymouth as a Holiday Centre. Separated from Cornwall on the west by the river Tamar, and bounded on the east by the Plym (called at its estuary the Laira), and with the Yealm close at hand — three of the loveliest of Devonia's many lovely water- ways— Plymouth offers to visitors river scenery that for beauty and diversity it would be difficult to excel. TO PLYMOUTH %-Eddys Copyright Areas included in this a other South Devon Guides. io INTRODUCTION Bounded on the north by the rugged tors of Southern Dartmoor, Plymouth has also a good claim to be re- garded as a moorland centre. To the south is Plymouth Sound, and beyond the Breakwater and the two head- lands (Rame Head and Staddon Heights) which stand as sentinels to this famous anchorage, are the waters of the English Channel. As a centre for the holiday-maker, be he pedestrian, cyclist, or the less energetic patron of the steamer, the railway, or the motor, Plymouth provides almost un- rivalled attractions. From the spring until the late autumn the railway companies, whose lines to the out- lying districts run north, east, and west, vie with the owners of pleasure steamers, public motors and coaches in the arrangement of facilities for pleasant outings on land and sea. Steamer excursions up the many rivers which flow into the Sound, or along the coast to Looe, Fowey and Fal- mouth on the west, and to Newton Ferrers, Salcombe, Dartmouth and Torquay on the east, enable the visitor to view scenery of the most varied character. The oars- man has the smooth waters of Plymouth Sound and the broad reaches of the rivers Tamar, Plym, Tavy, and Lynher, while the pedestrian has an almost infinite variety of walks from which to choose. There is pleasure for the sea fisherman, and within a few miles of the town are streams where the angler may enjoy good sport. The traces of the Scandinavians, early Britons, and Romans — the stone avenues and hut circles, the crom- lechs and kistvaens, the hill forts and early Christian crosses — are never-failing sources of interest, and are within comparatively easy reach of the town. The West Country is a land of picnics and clotted cream, and Plymouth is surrounded by lovely spots which seem to have been specially designed by Nature for picnicing. Bickleigh Vale, -Sheeps Tor, Shaugh, Mount Edgcumbe, Radford Woods and St. Germans Hut are onlv a few of the many favourite haunts within % RAILWAY ROUTES, ETC. II easy reach of Plymouth, all of which are described in this Guide. For other parts of South Devon the companion vol- umes in this series should be consulted, viz., Dartmoor, Torquay, and Exeter and South-East Devon, the last- named including the popular watering-places of Teign- mouth, Dawlish, Sidmouth, Exmouth, etc. The outline map on pp. 8-9 shows the areas included in the respec- tive volumes. For the adjoining county of Cornwall see particularly Falmouth and South Cornwall. Other volumes deal with Penzance, St. Ives, and the West, and with Newquay, Bude and North Cornwall. Routes to Plymouth. There is a pleasing variety in the means by which Plymouth may be reached. Visitors may come by rail, road, or sea, or vary the long railway journey by leaving the train at Totnes, Okehampton, or Tavistock, and walking or cycling the remainder — a delightful experi- ence, given fine weather. There are two distinct means of railway communica- tion with London and the chief towns, via the Great Western and the London and South-Western systems. Travellers to Plymouth from London have not only the choice of two railway routes, but may come down by the one and use the return halves of their tickets by the other. Several trains by each route do the journey between London and Plymouth in about five hours, and some, making the long run of over 225 miles without a stop, do it in little more than four hours. Residents in the Midlands can travel by way of Lon- don, or by Bath and Templecombe (London and South- western Railway), or choose the shorter routes by way of the Severn Tunnel, or Bristol and Birmingham (Great Western Railway). It is only a six hours' run from Birmingham to Plymouth, while the journey from Derby occupies seven hours ; and even visitors from Manchester need be in the train less than eight hours. (For Stations in Plymouth, see p. 47.) Every year the 12 THE GREAT WESTERN ROUTE holiday traffic to the West increases, and a summer seldom passes without an acceleration in the services. Competition is the breath of commercial life, and visitors will find that the West of England is neither inaccessible nor expensive to reach. Special cheap bookings from most parts of the Kingdom are in force during the holiday season. The Great Western Route is the older, quicker, and better known means of reaching Plymouth. Of late years the fine daily non-stop perfor- mances of the Cornish Riviera Limited and other expresses have attracted a good deal of public attention to this route. From Exeter to Plymouth the journey never fails to please the observant traveller. After leaving the " ever-faithful city," a glance back enables a bird's-eye view of Exeter and the Cathedral to be obtained. The fifty miles' tra- velling that follows reveals views of sea, river, and moor of infinite variety. Running by the west bank of the river Exe, Exminster and Starcross are soon left in the rear, and the train travels within a few feet of the English Channel, literally passing through Dawlish, the line dividing the beach from the town. Thence to Teignmouth, still along the water's edge ; the sea, alive with ships and pleasure boats, only lost to view for a few moments here and there as the train tunnels through some rocky headland. At Teignmouth the line turns westward and skirts the estuary of the Teign to Newton Abbot. Thence to Totnes, passing through Daignton tunnel and crossing the Dart shortly before entering the station of this " Chester of the West." After leaving Totnes we run along the Follaton Valley, rising gradually to the Rattery Viaduct, between three and four hundred feet above sea-level. Thence, passing through Marley Park, we enter Marley Tunnel, the longest on the South Devon line, three- quarters of a mile. On emerging into daylight some of the fantastic peaks of Dartmoor appear. Next we pass through South Brent, the junction of the branch line running south- ward to Kingsbridge, a pleasant town at the head of a creek whence steamers convey passengers to Salcombe. South Brent is a favourite moorland place of summer residence for Plymouth people, being only 17 miles distant. Before reaching Ivybridge, the next station, the train is carried THE SOUTH-WESTERN ROUTE 13 over the river Erme by a lofty carved stone Viaduct, one of the most interesting engineering works of this character in Devonshire. Ivybridge is situated at the entrance to a ravine the beauty of which it would be difficult to excel even in the West Country. The last two stations before Plymouth are Cornwood and Plympton, both of which serve as starting- points for many interesting rambles. Most of the trains stop at Mutley, North Road, and Millbay stations, which serve different parts of the town. The London and South-Western Route is specially attractive to visitors when paying their first visit to the West Country, as it enables them to see West- ern Dartmoor in all its sternness and loneliness. An hour and a half or two hours after leaving Waterloo, Salisbury Plain is traversed, and the tall white spire of Salisbury Cathe- dral denotes the proximity of the first stopping-place. Thence we are whirled through the interesting county of Wiltshire to the cathedral city of Exeter. From Exeter the valley of the Yeo is traversed, and soon after leaving Yeoford Junction Dartmoor appears in view, momentary glimpses being obtained of two great tors — Cosden Beacon and Yes Tor — both about two thousand feet high. The train then climbs a steep incline to Okehampton, the highest station on the London and South- Western system, and the junction for the Launceston and North Cornwall line. Below the station the two rivers, East and West Okement, flow through a valley claimed by Charles Kingsley to be one of the fairest spots in Devon. In this valley lies the ancient town of Okehampton, cosily sheltered by well-wooded hills. Skirting the western borders of Dartmoor, we pass over the deep and romantic Meldon Gorge, and three miles beyond run round the base of Sourton Tor, with its weather-beaten church. Passing through characteristic moorland scenery, by Lydford and Brent Tor, crowned with its quaint little church, we continue to the pleasant town of Tavistock, pic- turesquely built on the banks of the Tavy, and offering many allurements to those who wish to explore this side of the Moor. Okehampton and Tavistock are described in our Guide to Dartmoor. From Tavistock to Plymouth is only sixteen and a half miles, and as the traveller is swiftly borne to his destination through these Western Highlands, he will see much that is 1 4 WESTWARD BY ROAD AND SEA wild and grand, and in the valleys much more that is beau- tiful in a softer mood. There is not time, however, fully to appreciate this stretch of country, which combines with rare felicity the stern charms of Dartmoor with the enticements of rural Devonshire. It should be explored later either from Bere Alston or Bere Ferrers. These two stations are rapidly passed, and soon the chimneys of Ford, a suburb of Devonport, are seen, and, after delving under Devonport Park, the train emerges at the station of the dockyard town. Traversing the district of Stoke, Plymouth's twin stations, North Road and Mutley, are reached. Westward by Road. Devon is a county of hill and dale, but what it lacks in level roads is more than atoned for by the variety and beauty of the scenes that are passed — broad, heather- covered stretches of moorland, quaint Devonshire villages, babbling streams, and high hedges, typical of the county and covered with ferns and flowers — the very garden of the South of England. The most interesting route for the motorist or cyclist starting from London is by way of Ripley and Guild- ford, thence through the cities of Winchester, Salisbury, and Exeter. This route enables the traveller by road to see the three most famous cathedrals of the South- west of England. An alternative route is by the great Bath road and through Taunton to Exeter. From Exeter to Plymouth there are two great highways. The traveller may go by the road passing over Dartmoor, through Moreton Hampstead and Princetown ; or he may follow the line of the Great Western Railway, and ride through Newton Abbot and Plympton. The latter is far the better road, though the former is much more interesting. To Plymouth t>y Sea. It goes without saying that the great seaport of the West is connected by lines of steamers with all the chief ports of the United Kingdom and the world. The passenger accommodation in the steamers which run STEAMER SERVICES 15 between Plymouth and London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Belfast, and other British and Irish ports, has been much improved during the past few years. We append a list of the chief steamers calling at or running from Plvmouth, which intending visitors who like a sea voyage may find useful. To London, calling at Southampton and Portsmouth, by the British and Irish Steam Packet Company's steamers, every Monday and every Friday at six p.m. Fares to South- ampton or Portsmouth : 13s. 6d., 10s. 6d., and 6s. ; London, 15s., us., and 7s. Return tickets, first and second cabins, available for sixteen days, at a fare and a quarter. Agents : H. J. Waring & Co., The Wharf, Millbay Docks, and R. Clark & Son, Millbay Docks. And by the Cork Company's steamers, calling at Southampton only, every Sunday afternoon. (The City of Cork Steamship Co., Millbay Pier.) To Kingsbridge and Salcombe, by Kingsbridge Packet, every Wednesday and Saturdav. Fares, is. and is. 6d. Agent : W. H. Ryder, North Quay. To Falmouth and Dublin, by the British and Irish Steam Packet Company's steamers, every Tuesday and Friday at noon. Fares to Falmouth : 5s., 4s., and 3s. ; to Dublin, 20s., 15s., and 10s. Children between three and twelve years of age, half fare. Return tickets available for sixteen days, first and second cabin, at a fare and a quarter. Agents : R. Clark & Son, Millbay Pier. To Liverpool, by Mary Hough, Graceful, or other steamer, every Monday morning early. Passengers can usually go on board on Sunday evening. Fares : 25s. and 15s. Powell & Hough, owners. To Liverpool, by the West African mail steamers (Elder Dempster line). Fare, 21s. inclusive. Agents: H. J. Waring & Co. To Glasgow, by the Clyde Shipping Company's steamers, every Friday, and via Waterford every Saturday. Fares : 25s. and 12s. 6d. ; return, available for twenty-one days, 30s. Agents : H. J. Waring & Co. To Waterford, by the Clyde Shipping Company's steamers, every Saturday. Fares: Cabin, 20s.; return cabin, 30s.; steerage, 10s. Agents : H. J. Waring & Co. To Cork, by City of Cork Steam Packet Company (offices, Millbay Pier), every Saturday at 10 a.m. Fares : Cabin, 20s. ; return cabin, 30s. ; steerage, 10s. 6d. To Belfast, by the Clyde Shipping Company's steamers every Friday. Fares : Cabin, 25s. ; return cabin, 40s. ; steerage, 12s. 6d. Children above three and under twelve years of age, half fare. Agents : H. J. Waring & Co. 1 6 STEAMER SERVICES To the Channel Islands, from Sutton Wharf. Fares to Guernsey : Saloon, 135. ; deck, 8s. To Jersey : Saloon, 15s. ; deck, gs. For times of sailing apply to Agent, Anglo-French Steamship Company, 9, Parade. To Cherbourg (for Paris) and Hamburg, by the Hamburg- America Company's mail steamers on their passage from New York. Agents : Smith, Sundius & Co., Millbay Road. Fares, including meals, etc. : To Cherbourg, first class, 30s. ; second class, 15s. ; to Hamburg, 605., 40s. ; return tickets, Plymouth to Hamburg, and Hamburg to Southampton, 108s. and 72s., first and second class respectively. To Cherbourg and Southampton, by the White Star and American lines every Saturday and Wednesday. Fares, including meals : To Cherbourg, first class, 30s. ; second class, 205. ; to Southampton (via Cherbourg), 405., 305. Agents Smith, Sundius & Co., and W. Leaman & Co., Millbay Road. To Brest, by Great Western Railway Company's steamer, every Saturday morning and Sunday evening in the summer and every Saturday mornings during the winter months. Steamer fares : Single saloon, 145. ; third class, 10s. ; return (avail- able six months), 21.5., 15s. Circular tours in England and France are arranged by the Company in connection with these services. For particulars apply to any G.W.R. station. To Nantes, by Great Western Railway Company's steamers, every Monday and Wednesday in the summer. Fares : Single, 255. ; return, 35s. To Bremen, by the Norddeutscher-Lloyd Company's steamers every fortnight. Fares, including meals : First class, 605. ; second class, 40s. ; third class, 205. ; return tickets, Plymouth to Bremen and Bremen to Southampton : first class, 110s. ; second class, 805. Agents : O. Davis & Co., 36, Southside Street. As a Port of Call for mail steamers, Plymouth occupies an important position. Seldom a day passes but one or more of these great vessels may be seen anchored inside the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound, whence the mails and passengers are conveyed to the docks by the Rail- way Companies' tenders. Besides the P. & O., Orient, and Hamburg-America lines, Plymouth is the port of call for the steamers of the Pacific Steam Navigation Co., the New Zealand Shipping Co., the British India Steam Navigation Co., the American line, the Shaw Savill & Albion Co., the African Steamship Co., the HOTELS AND TARIFFS 17 British and African Steam Navigation Co., the Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., the Aberdeen line, the Nord- deutscher-Lloyd, and the White Star Australian service. From these steamers the mails are landed at this port for distribution over the United Kingdom and Ireland, an arrangement by which a considerable and, in a com- mercial sense, very important saving of time is effected. Hotels and Tariffs. The visitor has a variety of hotels from which to choose. He may select one in the heart of the town or proceed to the Hoe, or he may prefer one of the private boarding-houses in the broad streets which lie between the Hoe and the town. In many of the houses that are not regular boarding-houses apartments can be obtained. For the guidance of readers we append a list of the chief hotels in Plymouth and other places likely to be visited, with particulars of the tariffs, which latter have been supplied by the proprietors themselves, but should be verified in case of alteration. A note is appended to such establishments as provide Motor Garage. Abbreviations: i?., bedroom ; *., breaklast ; I., luncheon ; 1., tea : d., dinner ; a., attend- ance ; jr., from ; temp., temperance. Week -end terms include dinner or supper on Saturday and breakfast on Monday.] Plymouth Lockyer : R., single, fr. 4/6; double, fr. 8/-; b.,2/6; /., 2/6; /., 1/- ; Albion. d., 3/6; a., nil. Continental : R., single, fr. 3/- ; Boarding terms : 10/6 per day ; doub'e, fr. 5/-; b., 2/6; /., 2/6; 73/6 per week; 2o/-perweek- /., 1/-; d.,3/6; a., nil. end. Motor Garage. Boarding terms : 10/6 per day ; Rosyln (private), Leigham Terrace : fr. 52/6 per week; 25/- per Boarding terms: fr. 5/6 to 6/6 week-end. per day ; fr. 30/- to 52/6 Central: R., single, fr. 2/6; double, per week ; fr. io~/ 6' to 12/6" per fr- 5/- ; b-> 2/6 ; !■• 2/6 ; t., 1/- ; week-end. d., 4/- ; «., 1/6. Royal : R., single, 5/- ; double, 9/- ; Boarding terms: 10/6 per day; b., 2/6; I., 2/6; t., 1/-; d., 5/-. 63/- per week; 20/- per week- Boarding terms: fr. 12/6 per «nd. day; 73/6 per week ; 21 /-per Duke of Cornwall. week-end. Motor Garage. Farley. Westminster. Grand, The Hoe: R., single, fr. 5/- ; Restaurant. double, fr. 9/-; b., 3/-; /., 3/-; H. Matthews & Son, Ltd., Bedford St. '" Bwding \l~rms ":" v',6 per day ; House and Estate ASents- 84 /-per week; 22 /-per week- Elliott, Ellis & Co., Wilts & Dorset end. Motor Garage. Bank Chambers, George Street. Plymouth (6) i8 HOTELS AND TARIFFS A i BKEVIATI0S3 : R., bedroom ; b., breakfast ance ; lr., from ; t>mp., temperance. Saturday and breakfast on Monday.] Devonport. Royal : R., single, fr. 2/6 ; double, {r. £ 4/6 ; ft.,4fr..i/6 ; I., fr. 2/- ; d., 4/- ! a., 1/6. "-"Jr-* I __ Boarding Jterms: fr. 52/6 per week. Dousland. Dousland Grange : Boarding terms : t. 4.2/- to 52/6 per week. Ivybridge. King's Arms : R-, single, 2 /- ; double, 3/6; &., 1/6: i., 2/-; «•> 1/-; i., 2/6; a., 1/-. , , ., London : R., single, fr. 3/6 J double, 5/-; 6., fr. 1/6; i., fr. 2/-; t.,b. ' il-;d., fr. 3/6. Liskeard. Liskeard (tern*.), Bay Tree Hill : i? single, 1/6; double, 2/6; 0., fr.'gi. ; «., fr. i/3- Stag : R- and 6., 5/0. Boarding terms : 6/6 per day , 3 s/- per week. Webb's 'Parade: R., single, 2/6; double, 5/-; b- 2/6,j '•• 2'6- t., 1/-; d., 3/6; «-. r/,6- , Boarding terms: 9/- per day ; 63/- per week; 18/- per week- end. Fountain. Modbury. Great Western: R-, single 1/6; double, 2/-; 6., fr. !/-;«., fr i/9J <2 3/6 ; 1., fr. 1/-. "Boarding terms: 8/6 per day; fr. 42/- per week; fr. 20/- per weekend, ; I., luncheon ; (., tea ; d., dinner ; a., attend- Week-end terms include dinner or supper on White Hart: R., single, 2/6 ; double, 3/6; 6., 1/3; *•> 2/6; t., 1/3., d., 3/6. , Boarding terms : 5 /- per day ; 30 /- per week ; 10 /- per week- end. Newton Ferrers. River Yealm {private) : R., single, 2 /6 ; double, 5/-; 6-> x/6; '■> 2I~- *■' 1/- ; d., 2/6 ; a., nil. Boarding terms: 6/- per day; 35/-perweek; io/6perweek- end. Motor Garage. Port Wrickle. Whitsand Bay: R., single, 5/-; double, 8/-; b., 3/-; *., 3/6; *-, !/-;<*•. 5/6; a., nil. Boarding terms: fr., 12/6 per day; fr. 84/- per week; fr. 21/- per week-end. Motor Garage. Saltash. Commercial. Railway. Green Dragon Inn. Stonehouse. Durnford: R., single 3/6; double. 6/-; b., 2/-; »., 2/- ; (., gd.;d., 3/6 hoarding terms : fr. 7/6 per day ; fr. 42/- per week. Motor Garage. Yelverton. The Tors (private) : R., single, fr. 2/-; double, fr. 3/-; &-, 2/-; *., 2I-; t., 1/-; <*., 3/6; «•.?/-- Boarding terms : fr. 7 /6 per day ; fr. 52/6 per week. Motor Garage. Moor House (private). The Rock. Yelverton. BRANNAM'S ROYAL BRANNAM'S BRANNAM'S B A R U M BRANNAM'S BRANNAM'S WARE BRANNAM'S Btiy the 00x1.11.1110 Article. Special Terms for Bazaars. NO Pottery sells better. Buy oxxlsr JBm^TVTV^k.T*X,&. Note ONLY Address, and no connection with any other firm — C. H. BRAN NAM, ^pSS™ LITCHDON STREET, BARNSTAPLE. SHIELDS When you are on a holiday you naturally desire freedom from all dress worries. At the sea- side, in the country, or wherever you may spend your summer vacation, you want facility of movement and thorough ease. Nothing annoys a woman so much as the snapping of a corset steel as the result of a little extra exertion. TheOKTIS prevents all this and DOUBLES THE LIFE OF YOUR CORSET; and it cannot possibly rust your underclothing, as ft con- tains Rustless Zairoid Stiffeners. You can ob- tain it from SPOONER &- CO., Ltd., PLYMOUTH. Plymouth, to* face pag<- 14.' WARD, LOCK & CO.'S GUIDE BOOKS. u ^::ZR}^: AREAS COVERED BY THE SHILLING GUIDES TO THE BRITISH ISLES. CONTINENTAL HANDBOOKS. Price 2 /6. In Superior Cloth Gilt Binding. Fully Illustrated, Belgium,*n Maps, 256"pp. | Norway, 12 Maps, 1764pp. Holland, 13 Maps, 192 pp. *Paris, 10 Maps, 240 pp. Switzerland, 24 Maps, 264 pp. The London Guide (440 pp. ) , with complete Index to Streets and 24 Maps and Plans, is issued at 2/6; and also, without Index to Streets and with fewer Maps, in the uniform 1 /- series. •The Paris Guide is also issued in the uniform 1/- series. 19 WARD, LOCK «S Co.'s SHILLING GUIDE-BOOKS ENGLAND Aldeburgh-on-Sea ^Egiesey and North Wales E&ngor, Carnarvon. &c. fafh. 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Call him on the deep sea, call him up the Sound, Call him when ye sail to meet the foe ; Where the old trade's plyin' an' the old flag flyin' They shall find him ware an' wakin', as they found him long ago ! " Henry Newbolt — Drake's Drum, The Three Towns — Historical Associations — Drake and the Armada — Plymouth and Greater Britain — The "May- flower"— Captain Cook — Local Worthies — A Literary Note. THOUGH Exeter is the official capital of Devonshire and Bodmin of Cornwall, Plymouth is really the capital of what is known as the West Country. It is the largest town in the two counties, and, built on the banks of the river Tamar, their natural boundary, it shares in the life of both. In a few minutes a ferry from either of the waterside landing-places — Admiral's Hard, Mutton Cove, or North Corner — will convey one across the Hamoaze, the broad estuary of the river, into Cornwall. The Three Towns are three distinct places, with distinct governing bodies, and distinct characteristics. Between the two county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport is wedged the township of Stonehouse, the smallest, least important, and least attractive of the triple sisterhood. The towns lie along the water's edge from the point where the river Plym becomes the Cattewater — Ply- mouth's commercial harbour — round the foreshore of Plymouth Sound, and up the Hamoaze, the great naval anchorage, to beyond the Royal Albert Bridge, Brunei's 26 THE THREE TOWNS famous engineering masterpiece, which spans the river at Saltash. The foreshore is shaped like a great bow measuring some seven or eight miles from end to end. Although a stranger may easily grasp the relative posi- tions of the three towns — Plymouth on the Plym, Devon- port on the Hamoaze, and Stonehouse sandwiched between the two — he would find it difficult to say where one begins and the other ends. For all practical pur- poses they form one town, with a population of about 200,000. Historical Associations. Plymouth's name is " writ large " in the history of England. What town has been more prominently connected with the vital history of the English people, the growth of their supremacy on the seas and their expansion in lands far away ? It was represented by Elihu Burritt, a famous American writer of a former day, as " the mother Plymouth sitting by the sea," and the phrase suggests something of the many and varied historical associations of the town. That the Romans appreciated its advantages is certain from the occurrence of Roman coins in the locality ; and the position in relation to it of the great Ridge Road (the name of which is still preserved in the little village of Ridgway) would tend to confirm the tradition that their station of Tamara was not far distant. There is a tradition that a place called Tamarweorth stood at the mouth of the Tamar in Saxon days ; but the authentic history of Plymouth cannot be traced farther back than the compilation of Domesday Book, when there were two hamlets of the name of Sutton here. The name is still preserved in the titles given to Sutton Pool, a portion of the Cattewater, and to the parish of Sutton-on-Plym. In 1377, 4,837 residents were assessed to the poll tax, which indicates a total population then exceeded only by London, York and Bristol. Under the name of Plymouth, which is really a con- traction of the fuller style of " Sutton-super- Plymouth," the town ranks as a leading seaport in the writs of the HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS 27 Second and Third Edwards ; and in 1287 it was the port of rendezvous for the fleet which took part in the expe- dition to Guienne, which numbered 325 ships. In 1292 it was called upon, under the name of Sutton, to send deputies to Parliament, but from this period until the reign of Henry VI it was without Parliamentary represen- tation. Not long after this we find the vessels of Plymouth trading to every maritime country in Europe ; while its ships and seamen were ever in requisition against the French. It was a favourite rendezvous with the Black Prince, who sailed thence on all his expeditions, notably that which culminated at Poictiers. To Plymouth he returned after " the glorious battel of Poictiers "with his prisoners, King John, " Philip the Hardy," James- de Bourbon, and other nobles ; at Plymouth he landed some years later when he came home to die. The port was several times attacked by the French during this troubled fourteenth century, and in 1377 they burnt and plundered the town. In 1403 the Bretons again plundered and burnt it, and with a view of preventing such disasters the inhabitants then obtained power to levy a toll on merchandise to defray the cost of building a wall and tower for defensive purposes. In 1470 the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence landed here, and commenced the revolt which led to the temporary restoration of Henry VI ; and in the follow- ing year Plymouth was the landing-place of Henry's Queen, Margaret of Anjou. A few years later Henry of Richmond attempted to put in, but, finding the coast dangerous, retreated on shipboard. In 1501 Merchant Paynter entertained at her landing the hapless Katharine of Arragon, and the house in which she lived was, until 1873, one of the show-places of the town. When Eliza- beth ascended the throne, Plymouth had become the chief naval arsenal of the land. The Defeat of the Armada is one of the most memorable events in the history of the port. We have ah been acquainted with its details from 28 DRAKE AND THE ARMADA our infancy. Everybody knows that the English fleet lay waiting for the foe in the Cattewater ; that the captains were whiling away the time with a game of bowls on the Hoe, when Captain Fleming rushed in with the news that his crew " had seen Castile's black fleet beyond Aurigny's isle " ; and that Drake would have the game played out, insisting that there was time enough to do this first and thrash the Spaniards afterwards. And so it proved. Until within living memory, the Corporation of Plymouth partook of cake and wine on this glorious anniversary, and the bells of the old church of St. Andrew rang out merry peals in commemoration. To this day what are claimed to be the bowls used in this famous game between the great captains of England — Drake, Hawkins, Walter Raleigh, Frobisher, Sir Richard Grenville, Sir Robert Southwell, John Davis, Grover Fenner, and Lord Howard of Effingham, High Admiral of England — are in the possession of the Tor- quay Corporation, though there is nothing to support their authenticity except a dim tradition. Plymouth equipped seven ships and one fly-boat of the fleet which opposed the invaders, and in all 190 vessels were col- lected at the port. On the outbreak of the Civil War, Plymouth declared for the Parliament, and for four years (1642— 1646) it was subjected to a series of sieges and blockades. The most able generals in the King's army attempted its capture in vain ; and the success of the Roundheads in the West was greatly assisted by the stubbornness with which the town held out and occupied the attention of so large a body of the Royalist troops. No fewer than 8,000 lives are estimated to have been lost in the fighting around the town ; and excavations in recent years near the site of the old defences have brought to light the skeletons of men who doubtless fell fighting on one side or the other and were buried on the battlefield. The inhabitants held out to the last ; so that one is not surprised to learn that when Charles II. came to the throne he built the Citadel — ostensibly as a defence, FAMOUS VISITORS 29 but really as a warning and threat to the townspeople. Plymouth temporized as long as it could, but as soon as William of Orange landed in Torbay, it was the first municipality in the kingdom to proclaim him King. The town has figured as a royal arsenal in all the wars in which we have since been engaged ; and it has more than once been in danger of invasion. In August, 1779, the combined fleets of France and Spain, eighty-eight ships in all, were off the Sound for four days. The town was utterly defenceless, but the enemy did not know it ; and the scare was so complete that the Com- missioner of the Dockyard is said to have written to the Admiralty, " Shall I burn his Majesty's dockyard, or wait until the French admiral comes in and does it ? " The Admiralty7 commended him for his zeal, but, all things considered, thought he need not be in a hurry. Famous Visitors. Plymouth's records tell of many famous visitors King George III, Queen Charlotte, and the Royal Princesses came in 1789 : and the harbour was the last in Europe in which Napoleon Bonaparte stayed — on board the Bellerophon — prior to his departure for St. Helena. Another fallen emperor was at Plymouth in 1871, in the person of Napoleon III, having with him the unfortunate Prince Imperial. Queen Victoria paid many visits in company with the Prince Consort. Nor must we forget the fact that King Edward VII, as Prince of Wales, sailed from the port on his early visit to America. In recent years members of the Royal family have paid occasional visits of an informal char- acter to Mount Edgcumbe when on yachting trips in the west, and in March, 1902, King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra made a triumphal progress through the Three Towns on the occasion of their visit to Devon- port, where the Queen named and launched the battleship Queen, and His Majesty laid the keel-plate of the battle- ship named after himself, King Edward VII. In July, 1903, King George V and Queen Mary (then Prince and 30 PLYMOUTH AND GREATER BRITAIN Princess of Wales), making a long tour in the West, came to Plymouth, and the latter then launched the King Edward VII, which had been so auspiciously begun in the previous year. Plymouth and Greater Britain. Any account of Plymouth would be incomplete with- out reference to the town as the Mother, not merely " of full forty Plymouths," but of Greater Britain. In these days, when the links that bind the colonies to the mother country are being added to and strengthened, it is interesting to recall the part taken by this seaport in the expansion of England. In the golden days of Queen Bess, Plymouth, the birthplace of Hawkins, Frobisher, and other great sailors of the period, was the meeting-place for those adventurous spirits who sailed to unknown seas seeking " fresh worlds to conquer." It was from this western port that Martin Frobisher set sail in 1576 to explore the coast of Labrador. The news he brought of the existence of gold was one of the earliest impulses to Englishmen to emulate the example of the great Spanish adventurers. In the following year Sir Francis Drake set sail from Plymouth Sound on his first famous voyage of circumnavigation. It was to Ply- mouth that he returned, with his spoil-laden vessel, after he had ploughed his furrow round the world — the first of all Englishmen to do so. From this same seaport sailed Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1584 in the luckless attempt to found a settlement in Newfoundland, and, a few years later, when Sir Walter Raleigh sent out an expedition to explore Pamlico Sound, it was the happy fortune of Plymouth sailors to discover that country where " men lived after the manner of the Golden Age," which Elizabeth afterwards named Virginia. Raleigh's was the first practical attempt to colonize the Xew World, and the spirit of enterprise that he and his companions exhibited bore fruit in 1606, when charters for colonizing North America were granted by THE " MAYFLOWER"— CAPTAIN COOK 31 James I to two companies — one formed at Plymouth, the other in London. The "Mayflower." A few years later, in 1620, Pljmiouth. shared in an- other great colonizing movement, when the Mayflower sailed to New England. We are all familiar with the story of this little barque of 180 tons — a mere coble beside our modern vessels — how it sailed from South- ampton and was forced to take refuge in Plymouth Sound ; how the hundred and one emigrants for con- science' sake were " courteously entertained and kindly used by divers Christians there living " ; and how, when the terrors of the passage across the Atlantic were at an end and they landed on the barren shores of Massachu- setts Bay to found the great Republic of the West, they gave the name of Plymouth to the spot, in memory of the last port in the Old World at which they had touched. At New Plymouth a monument commemorates the landing of those early Puritans — the seed of the Ameri- can nation — and at Old Plymouth, on the Barbican, a memorial records their farewell to England. Captain Cook. Nearly a hundred and fifty years later it was a Ply- mouth expedition that opened up Australasia to the English settler. In 1768 Captain Cook left Plymouth in the ship Endeavour, and explored the shores of New Zealand and New South Wales, under the auspices of the Royal Society. This voyage was followed by another in 1772, when Cook, with the two warships Resolution and Adventure, again weighed anchor in Plymouth Sound and sailed to Australian waters, on further exploration bent. These two voyages revealed the potentialities of the then almost unknown continent, and Parliament, having no place of banishment for criminals since the loss of the American colonies, determined, in 1786, to found a penal colony in Botany Bay. Early in 1787 the first party of convicts left England — eight hundred criminals, two or 32 LOCAL WORTHIES three hundred officials, and other free settlers. The fleet of eleven sail left Portsmouth in the first instance, but there is reason to believe that Plymouth was the last port of call. Since those early days when Plymouth was the radiating-point of the colonizing movement which founded New Englands in the Atlantic and in Oceania, and the strangely differing emigrants " turned to the New World to redress the balance of the Old," many thou- sands of men, women, and children have passed under the wooded slopes of Mount Edgcumbe to settle in far- off lands. Plymouth was long the port at which emi- grants bound for South Africa bade farewell to the mother country. Though now London, Liverpool, and Southampton are the great emigrant ports, Plymouth still remains one of the most important outlets for those who leave the home of their forefathers to seek fame and fortune in Greater Britain. Local Worthies. Devonshire has been the birthplace of many famous men, as may be seen by a perusal of John Prince's Worthies of Devon, one of the most delightful books of county biography ever written. Fuller, in his Worthies, points out that most counties have their particular genius — one carrying away the credit for soldiers, another for seamen, and a third for divines — whereon Prince exclaims, " Here might I bid you take notice, and without vanity too, that such is the genius of Devon, it seems equally propense and inclinable unto all." These words of Prince's are certainly true of Plymouth, the names of many of whose sons are " writ large " on the scroll of fame. Drake, born at Crowndale Farm, near Tavistock, was a Plymothian by adoption ; while his kinsman, the famous John Hawkins, chief treasurer and comptroller of the navy in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was born and bred at Plymouth, as was also his son Sir Richard, who has been handed down to us as " the complete seaman." So was Sir Thomas Edmonds, James I.'s most trusted ambassador. William Strode, Plymouth. Heath & Stoiieman,] drake's STATUE ON THE HOE. t. hruh & Co., . :u.,\ [Retgatc THE MAYFLOWER STONE, BARBICAN. LOCAL WORTHIES 33 one of the famous five whom Charles went to the House of Commons to seize, was connected with Plymouth by ties of property, and lived at the family seat but five miles away ; while the roll of Plymouth's representatives in that august assembly contains the names of many distinguished men. We find on the roll of its burgesses such names as those of " Old William Hawkins," pioneer of South Sea adventure, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, Sir Richard Hawkins, Sir John JVIaynard, Sir William Morice (Secretary of State to Charles II.) ; several members of the Trelawny, Byng, Woollcombe, and Rogers families ; and under the Georges quite a host of officials, relieved by several captains and admirals who did the State good service. The most distinguished representative since 1832 was Sir Roundell Palmer, who became Lord Chancellor, and was raised to the peerage as Lord Selborne. Sir R. P. Collier, who won his way to the position of Attorney- General, and became first Lord Monkswell, was a member of an old Plymouth family, while another great lawyer who represented the town in Parliament was Sir Edward Clarke, for some time Solicitor-General. Turning to the fine arts, we find that Plymothians have left numerous and evident " footprints on the sands of time." Joseph Glanvill, one of the earliest and most active members of the Royal Society ; Dr. Yonge, also a fellow of the Royal Society ; Sir Joshua Reynolds ; James Northcote, R.A., his biographer, another painter of eminence ; Benjamin Robert Haydon, one of the most gifted and withal the most unfortunate of English artists ; Samuel Prout, the first distinguished water- colour artist of the West ; Alexander Solomon Hart, a Royal Academician ; Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, who, like Reynolds, attained to the position of President of the Royal Academy ; Ambrose Bowden Johns, an artist of such ability that one of his works was engraved by Turner's own engraver as a Turner ; Samuel Cook, the chief water-colour artist of the West in his day — all were more or less intimately connected with the place. Plymouth (c) 34 A LITERARY NOTE Plymouth, too, has been well represented among scientists. The Mudges, father and son, distinguished themselves in many ways. Dr. John Mudge was an eminent mathematician as well as a skilful surgeon ; and his brother Thomas a leading mechanician and horologist. William Mudge, son of John, became not only a distinguished officer, but a well-known fellow of the Royal Society. William Elford Leach, F.R.S., another Plymothian, was curator of the British Museum, and introduced the natural system into British zoology. William Snow Harris, F.R.S., an eminent electrician who invented the system of lightning-conductors in use in the navy ; George Harvey, F.R.S., mathematician ; Dr. Hearder, electrician, a blind but profuse and capable inventor ; John Prideaux, the chemist ; J. Meadows Rendel, F.R.S., the engineer of the Holyhead and Port- land Harbours ; Dr. Letheby, the analyst ; Robert Hunt, F.R.S., keeper of the mining records ; and J. T. Towson, the inventor of the great circle sailing tables, were all connected with the Three Towns. A Literary Note. Plymouth, which has been so prominent in the arts of war and exploration, has itself produced but little litera- ture. Of its writers few have established a reputation beyond the West Country. The Rev. R. S. Hawker, for many years vicar of Morwenstow in Cornwall, was a native of Plymouth. He has secured a lasting place in the memory of all Cornishmen as the author of the stirring ballad " And shall Trelawny die ? " Dr. John Kitto, who became celebrated as an Eastern traveller and Biblical writer, was also a Pljrmothian, and rose from the obscure position of a workhouse boy. Though he was the author of several volumes of sermons and religious works, Dr. Zachary Mudge's chief claim to literary distinction rests upon his literary friendships. Reynolds, Northcote and Burke all held him in esteem. John Quick, the author of a work on the Councils of the French Reformed Church, was a Plymothian, as was also A LITERARY NOTE 35 Jacob Bryant, who wrote many books on mythology, not- ably A New System in an Analysis of Mythology. Among others who may be mentioned are Mortimer Collins, poet and novelist ; N. T. Carrington, whose poem " Dartmoor " is frequently quoted ; R. N. Worth, a local historian who contributed a great deal to the elucidation of the ancient records of Plymouth and the west ; Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, a distinguished Bib- lical critic ; Sophie Dixon, author of Castalian Hours and other works ; and Samuel Rowe, the author of a history and description of Dartmoor. The names of Devonport men associated with literature include George Linnaeus Banks, author of Flora Poetica ; C. S. Gilbert, whose History of Cornwall is esteemed ; and R. A. Proctor, a popular writer on astronomy. While its literary output thus occupies only a minor place, Plymouth itself is the subject of an abundant literature. It has three good histories, the works re- spectively of Llewellynn Jewitt, R. N. Worth and H. Whitfeld, and a whole library of books has grown up around the memory of Sir Francis Drake and the gallant seamen of the spacious days of Queen Elizabeth. In works of fiction Plymouth is the stage on which many an author's puppets have played their part. The scenery of Westward Ho I is in the main that of Bideford and North Devon, but John Oxenham, one of the gallant heroes of the book, was from old Plymouth town, and Charles Kingsley, who loved its traditions and narrow tortuous streets, gives some interesting pictures of the place. Amyas Leigh himself came to Plymouth, and it was here that Salvation Yeo gathered the crew for the good ship Rose, meeting in their journeys Drake and Hawkins and others whose names loom large in history. The Rev. S. Baring-Gould, Mrs. Bray, Mr. Eden Phillpotts, Miss M. A. Paull, R. D. Blackmore, Mrs. Parr, Fullom, Mrs. Peard, Mrs. Marshall, Col. Haggard, R. A. J. Walling, Fletcher, Hawley Smart, and Fred Adye are among novelists who have used Plymouth more or less as the stage of their scenes. PRELIMINARY INFORMATION. BEFORE describing Plymouth and the manifold excursions by land and water for which it forms so convenient a centre, it may be well to summarize, in alphabetical order, a number of miscellaneous items likely to be of interest or of practical value to visitors. Access. The various means of reaching Plymouth by rail, road, and sea are described in detail on pp. 11-16. Angling. Trout-fishing is abundant in the rivers of Dartmoor, within a short distance of Plymouth. The fish are small as a rule, but are much esteemed for flavour. Licenses can be obtained on the following terms : — Tavy and Plym — day tickets, is. ; trout licenses, 2s. 6d. the season ; is. per day. Avon and Erme — weekly tickets, 5s. ; daily tickets, 2s. Anglers can procure return railway tickets to most of the fishing resorts at a reduced rate. For note on Sea- Fishing, see p. 48. Banks. Bank of England, Bank of England Place, George Street, Plymouth. Barclay's, Princess Square, Plymouth ; Fore Street, Devon- port. Capital and Counties, George Street, Plymouth ; Fore Street, Devonport ; Chapel Street, Stonehouse. & London City and Midland, Bedford Street, Plymouth. Lloyd's, Bedford Street and Mutley Plain, Plymouth; Edgcumbe Street, Stonehouse. National Provincial, Prudential Buildings, "Bedford Street, Plymouth ; Fore Street, Devonport. Naval, George Street and Mutley Plain, Plymouth ; Fore Street, Devonport ; Edgcumbe Street, Stonehouse. BATHING— BOATING— BOWLS 37 Union of London and Smith's, Bedford Street.'Plymouth. Wilts and Dorset, George Street, Plymouth. Bathing. On the beach the accommodation for ladies is spacious and secluded, two sheltered pools having been constructed in the rocks and dressing houses built above them. Here bathing can be enjoyed at any time of the day. The bathing facilities for gentlemen have been considerably improved in recent years. For those who can swim, the accommo- dation is good, but for the larger number who enjoy a dip in the sea but do not swim, it is indifferent. However, watermen will take visitors to Jennycliffe Bay, Barn Pool, or other secluded spots, where the exhilarating exercise can be indulged in at any time. Boating. Sailing boats, with boatmen, are on hire near the Promenade Pier. Rowing and sailing boats can be obtained at West Hoe Pier ; at Arnold's Point on the Cattewater ; at Mount Wise, Devonport, and at some of the quays and landing- places. The charges are from 6d. per hour and upwards. Motor boats can also be hired. Usually the water in the Sound and the rivers is smooth enough for rowing. Bowls. The bowling-green on the Hoe is open daily from May 1 to September 30. Games may be played at a charge of 3d. per hour, daily, weekly and season tickets being also issued (see p. 55). The Sir Francis Drake Bowling Club has a green in Ford Park Road, Mutley. Cabs. Plymouth is well supplied with cabs, and there are stands in all parts of the town and at the railway stations. Taxi- cabs are to be hired at several of the garages, some of which are constantly open and supply vehicles at any hour of the day or night. Many of the cab-stands and garages can be communicated with by telephone. The following list of charges from the principal railway stations may be useful : — 38 CAB FARES— CLUBS One or two Passengers from or to — Mill- lay. North Road. Mutley. Dvpt., Dvpt. S.W.R. C.R. s. d. 5. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Barbican or Citadel . o 8 I 0 -I 0 I 4 j i 8 Custom House .... o 8 0 8 I 0 I 4 I 4 Dockyard Gate .... i 4 I 4 2 o o s o 8 Duke of Cornwall Hotel . 0 8 I o I o I o Emigration Depot o'*8 I 0 I 4 I 8 i 8 Guildhall, Plymouth . o 8 0 8 I 0 I 4 I 4 Guildhall, Devonport. I 0 I 8 I 8 o 8 o 8 Gun Wharf Gate .... I 4 I 8 2 0 o S o 8 Keyham Yard Gate . I 4 I 4 2 0 0 8 o 8 Millbay Pier Hotel . . . o 8 I o I 4 I 4 I 4 Military Hospital, Stoke. I 0 I 0 I 4 o 8 o 8 Mount Wise, Government House I 0 I 4 I 8 0 8 I o Marine Barracks .... o 8 I 4 I 8 o 8 I 0 Mutton Cove i 8 I 8 2 0 0 8 I 0 North Corner I 4 I 8 2 0 0 8 I 0 Naval Hospital .... o 8 I o I 4 0 8 I o Raglan Barracks, East Gate I o I 4 I 8 0 8 o 8 Royal Hotel, Plymouth . o 8 I 0 I o I 0 10 Royal Hotel. Devonport . I 4 I 4 2 c o 8 o 8 Victualling Yard Gate . o 8 I 4 I 8 I 014 By time the charge is 2S. 6d. per hour, and 6d. for each fifteen minutes, or fraction thereof, afterwards. Speed not to exceed four miles an hour. Each adult above two, 6d. per journey. By distance the charge is Sd. per mile for two adults, and 6d. per journey each extra adult. Children under three years of age free; from three to twelve, half fare ; over twelve, as adults. Tea minutes allowed as waiting time ; beyond that, 6d. for every quarter of an hour or fraction thereof. Luggage inside the cab free of charge ; for every package taken outside, the driver is entitled to 2d. extra. Double fares are charged between 11.30 p.m. and 5.30 a.m. Clubs. Royal Western Yacht Club. — This well-appointed club, established in 1827, is finely situated on the Hoe, and commands magnificent views. It has all the usual accommodation of a club house, including a good library. Entrance fee, £j 7s. ; annual .subscription, ^5. Plymouth Club, 1, Windsor Terrace, overlooking the Hoe Park. Devonport Club, Royal Hotel, Fore Street. Royal South-Western Yacht Club, established 1890, Grand Parade, West Hoe. Entrance fee, £1 is. ; annual sub- scription, £1 is. Royal Plymouth Corinthian Yacht Club, Madeira Road ; winter quarters, Lockyer Street, Plymouth. COACHING— COMMERCE 39 Devon and Cornwall Freemasons' Club, Piincess Square, Plymouth. Plymouth Conservative Club, 23, Princess Square. Devonport Conservative Club, Fore Street. Stonehouse Consti- tutional Club, Edgcumbe Street. Plymouth and Western Counties Liberal Club, 13, Bedford Street. Devonport Liberal Club, Fore Street. Stone- house Liberal Club, Union Street. Plymouth Photographic Society. Meetings at the Athenaeum. Devonport Camera Club, Chapel Street. Plymouth Chess Club, Matthews' Restaurant. Coach and Motor Trips. During the summer months trips are run daily to Yelverton and Burrator, to Ivybridge, Downderry, and other popular resorts. There are also circular trips over Dartmoor in connection with the railways. For routes and fares see the local newspapers, time-tables, and companies' bills. Commerce. The commercial history of Plymouth is neither inter- esting nor intricate. When it has been stated that it is a large seaport and the centre of a considerable fish industry, and that it has within its boundaries several breweries and distilleries, and large works where starch, blacklead, soap, confectionery, and other commodities of a like nature are made, and that on the banks of the Cattewater are im- portant artificial manure works, the subject is practically exhausted. Although the town is a flourishing trade centre, it is in the distribution of goods over South Devon and East Cornwall rather than in their manufacture that its traders are occupied. At one time there was a large sugar refinery in Plymouth, but foreign competition led to its being closed several years ago ; and Plymouth china has ceased to be made, though not from the same cause. The china works were founded about 1765, by William Cookworthy, a Quaker, and were carried on for a few years, during which the china acquired some repute. The manufacture did not prove a financial success, and about ten years after it was started the patents were sold to Mr. Champion, of Bristol. Plymouth at one time was one of the centres for the manufacture of the famous Devonshire serges, but, except in Ashburton, Buckfastleigh, and North Tawton, the industry is now a mere shadow of its former proportions. 4o CYCLING— FERRIES— GOLF Cycling. In the neighbourhood of Plymouth, cycling is not the easy pastime of the Midlands or the Eastern counties. As it slopes upwards towards Dartmoor, the main road to the north is a succession of hills, and it is impossible to go far in any direction without finding some pretty stiff work. The hills, however, do not deter the votaries of the wheel in Plymouth. They get used to them. Moreover, hills which have to be mounted on one side can be " free-wheeled " on the other. Some suggested routes are briefly outlined on pp. 132-4. Education. Private schools are numerous in the Three Towns, and the facilities for training for either a professional or com- mercial career are excellent. The Plymouth Municipal Technical School and School of Art is in Tavistock Road ; the Devonport Technical School in Paradise Place, and the Plymouth Corporation Grammar School in North Road. Ferries. Access to many places in the neighbourhood of Ply- mouth can only be obtained by crossing the rivers, and details respecting the regular steam ferry services will be useful. Plymouth to Turnchapel and Oreston. — Steamers leave Phoenix Pier, near the Barbican, every half-hour from 8.30 a.m. to 10 p.m. First boat from Oreston, 8 a.m. ; last, 9.30 p.m. Admiral's Hard, Stonehouse, to Cremyll. — At the half-hours, also at 10.15, !0.45 a.m. ,2. 15, 2.45, 5.15 p.m., and then at a quarter before and a quarter after every hour until 8.15 p.m., then 9 p.m. From Cremyll : At the hours, and at 10.30 a.m., 2.30, 5.30, 6.30, 7.30 and 8.45 p.m. (last boat). New Passage, Devonport, to Torpoint. — First ferry, 5-45 a.m. (Sundays, 7.15 a.m.) ; then every half hour until 9.15 p.m. From Torpoint : 5.30 a.m. (Sundays 7 a.m.) ; then every half hour till 9 p.m. Supplementary service by steam launch on week- days from Pottery Quay up to 11.30 p.m., and from Torpoint to 11.20 p.m., weekdays only. Mutton Cove, Devonport, to Millbrook. — Frequently during the day, according to the tide. North Corner, Devonport, to Saltash.— Steamers at 6.30, 7, 7.30, 8.30, 9.30 a.m. ; then half-hourly to 7.30 p.m. Saltash to Devonport : 6, 6.10, 7.10, 8, 9 a.m. ; then half-hourly to 7 p.m. Saltash Passage to Saltash. — Ferry leaves 6.T5 a.m., and every half- hour until 9.45 p.m. Leaves Saltash : 6- a.m., and every half- hour until 9.30 p.m. Golf. Golfing facilities in the neighbourhood of Plymouth are GOLF— HUNTING— LIBRARIES 41 plentiful. There are courses at Mount Batten, Yelverton, Tavistock, Whitsand Bay, Looe, South Brent, and Totnes. Yelverton and Tavistock are easily accessible by train ; to the former there are also road-motor and wagonette services. The Mount Batten links are owned by the United Services Golf Club, but civilian hon. members and visitors are admitted. The Yelverton course and that on Whitchurch Down, Tavistock, are open to visitors. The 18-hole course at Whitsand Bay, on the Cornish side of the]Tamar, is also public. It lies between Crafthole and Port Wrickle and the opening of the Whitsand Bay Hotel has made it more accessible. Crafthole is 4 miles distant from St. Germans Station and 5 miles from Torpoint. There is a ferry service between Devon- port and Torpoint every fifteen minutes, and thence it is about half an hour's cycle ride by a good road to Crafthole. The G.W.R. motor 'buses run to the links from Plymouth and St. Germans. The course surrounds the hotel and com- mands fine views both along the coast and landward. The Looe, Totnes and South Brent links are also fairly accessible. All three are 9-hole courses, that at Totnes being available in winter. For the South Brent links, Wrangaton is the nearest station. Hunting. Several packs of hounds meet within easy reach of Ply- mouth. The Dartmoor Hounds regularly hunt the country on the southern side of the Moor. The kennels are at Ivybridge ; the meets are on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. The East Cornwall, whose kennels are at Liskeard, meet on Tuesdays and Fridays ; the South Devon, whose head- quarters are at Newton Abbot, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays ; and the Mid-Devon, with kennels at Chagford, on Mondays and Thursdays. The Modbury Harriers meet on Mondays and Thursdays, and the South, Pool Harriers, Kingsbridge, on Mondays and Thursdays. The Dartmoor Otter Hounds hunt on Tuesdays and Saturdays from May to September, their meets being arranged to suit the train service from Plymouth as far as possible. Libraries, Museums, etc. The Free Library, in Tavistock Road, built from funds provided by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, has lending and reference departments, news and magazine rooms. There is also a collection of books relating to Devon and Cornwall. Lectures 42 LOCAL GOVERNMENT on literary subjects are given weekly during the winter months (see p. 72). Adjoining the Free Library is the Municipal Art Gallery and Museum. Open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. ; Wednesdays, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. ; Sundays, 2 to 4 p.m., or 3 to 5 p.m. (see p. 71). The Plymouth Proprietory and Cottonian Library, Cornwall Street. The Cottonian Collection, including pictures by Sir Joshua Reynolds, is open to the public from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Mondays only (see p. 69). The Plymouth Athenaeum, George Street, has a valuable scientific library and a lending library and newsroom for members of the Plymouth Institution, and the Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society. Museum open to the public free on Wednesday afternoons and Saturday mornings ; other days at 3d. each person. Lectures weekly during the winter (see p. 68). Incorporated Law Society's Library, 5, Princess Square, Plymouth. Plymouth Medical Society Library, Athenaeum Lane. Devonport Free Library and Museum, Duke Street (p. 78). Royal Marine Biological Association's Museum and Aquarium, Citadel Hill, Plymouth (p. 59). Local Government. The Three Towns, despite repeated efforts to effect an amalgamation, remain distinct in their governments. Ply- mouth and Devonport are both County Boroughs, and Stonehouse is under the control of an Urban District Council. There is a similar variety in the parliamentary representation. Devonport and Stonehouse unite in sending two members to St. Stephen's, and Plymouth sends two more, while a portion of the burgesses on the outskirts of the boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport are included for Parliamentary purposes in the Tavistock Division of Devonshire. There is an old local rhyme which runs, — "When Plymouth was a fuzzy down, Plympton was a borough town." The point of this couplet is that whereas the charter of Plympton, now only a village, bears date 1241, the burgesses of : Plymouth have only a charter of Henry VI's, dated 1439, from which to trace their borough rights and privileges, while it is known that the present town was once an appanage of the Priory of Plympton. But, as a matter of fact, the origin of the corporation of Plymouth is unknown. The town, or rather village, existed under the name of Sutton MASONIC— MOTOR OMNIBUSES 43 before the Norman Conquest, and was made a market town in 1253. There is reason to believe that the charter of Henry VI only amalgamated the three divisions of the town, and that it was a borough by prescription before that time. The early writs of the Edwards were directed to the bailiffs of the town, but in 1310 one Richard le Tannere is mentioned as " propositus " (president). Within the next half-century, if not before, the commonalty had a seal, and one of the earliest impressions shows a ship, with the legend " Sigillvm Commitatis Svtton-svper Plymovthe." The Arms of Plymouth are a saltire, vert, between four castles, sable ; the saltire evidently alluding to the patron saint of the town, St. Andrew. The castles are a reminder of the former four-towered stronghold commanding Sutton Pool (p. 59). The crest is a royal crown and the supporters are golden lions. The pious motto is of later date, and appears to have originated at the time of the siege (1642-1646) — " Turn's fortissimo, est nomen Jehovce." Masonic. Nineteen Masonic Lodges are established. Those in Ply- mouth meet at the Freemasons' Club, Princess Square. Their names are : St. John (70) ; Fortitude (105), Harmony (156), Charity (223), the St. John (247), Dundas (1,255), Prudence (1,550), Ebrington (1,847), St. George (2,021), Sir Francis Drake (2,649). In Devonport there are : — Friendship (202), which meets at the Masonic Hall, Granby Street; Fidelity (230), and Elms (1,212), meeting at the Ebrington Masonic Hall ; St. Aubyn (954), Masonic Hall, Church Street, Stoke ; and Huyshe (1,099), Masonic Hall, Home Park, Stoke. The lodges in Stonehouse are : — Sincerity (189), which meets at St. George's Hall ; Brunswick (159), Masonic Hall, Phoenix Place, Hobart Street ; Metham (1,205), and Western District United Services (2,258), Mount Edgcumbe Masonic Hall, George Place. Motor Omnibuses are run by the Great Western Railway Company from Millbay Station to Crownhill, Plym Bridge Lane and Roborough village. Regular services of road motors are also maintained by the Great Western Railway Company from Yealmpton to Modbury and Bigbury-on-Sea ; from Saltash to Callington and Albaston ; and from Kingsbridge to Salcombe. 44 MUSIC— NEWSPAPERS— PIERS Music. In the summer months the fine bands of regiments gar- risoned at Plymouth play at advertised times in the Band- stand on the Hoe, and there are daily concerts both on the Hoe and in the Pier Pavilion. In the winter months the Corporation Concerts, held every Saturday afternoon and evening in the Guild Hall are a popular feature of town life. Recitals are given in the Guild Hall at adver- tised times by the Borough Organist, and high-class con- certs take place at intervals. Newspapers. Plymouth has always been distinguished for the enter- prise of its newspapers. The Western Morning News (Inde- pendent) publishes a weekly edition which circulates in all the towns and villages of Devonshire, Cornwall and Somerset, and from the same office is published every Wed- nesday the Naval and Military Record (twopence), a service journal. A weekly edition is also published from the office of the Western Daily Mercury (Liberal), which is responsible, too, for the issue of Plymouth's only evening newspaper, the Western Evening Herald. The Western Independent is a weekly newspaper. Piers. There are numerous piers and landing-stages. At the Promenade Pier the toll is 2d., and at Mil) bay Pier a charge of id. is made. Passengers by the excursion steamers pay no pier tolls, as a rule. Places of Worship, With hours of Sunday services. Plymouth. Established Church. All Saints', Harwell Street — St. Andrew's Church — 8, n and 7-30, 9-30, ii. 15, 2.30 and 6.30. 6.30. St. A ugustine's, Alexandra Road Charles Church— 7.30, 11, and I „ —8. 11 and 6.30. 5 ,0 St. Catherine s, Lockyer Street — Christ Church, Eton Place-8, s GJj//^Hvd3e°Park R°*d- 11 and 6-3°- . 8, 10, 11 and 6.30. Citadel Church, The Citadel— $t. James the Less, Clarendon IO-45- Place, Citadel Road— 8, ir, Emmanuel Church, Mannamead 3.30 and 6.30. — 11 and 6.30. St. Johns, Sutton-on-Plym, Exe- Holy Trinity, Southside'Street — ter Street — 8, 10.15, n, 11, 3.30 and 6.30. .30 and 6.31. PLACES OF WORSHIP 45 St. J tide's (near Friary Station) — ii and 6.30. St. Luke's, Tavistock Place — 11 and 6.30. St. Martin's, Tavistock Road, Western Peverel — St. Mary the Virgin and St. Mary Magdalene, Alvingtoa Street — 9.30 and 7. St. Matthias, North Hill— 8, 11 and 6.30. Nonco Baptist : George Street — 11 and 6.30. Mutley Plain — 11 and 6.30. Salisbury Road — 11 and 6.30. Bethel Union, Castle Street — 11 and 6.30. Calvinistic, Portland Villas — 11 and 6.30. Catholic A postolic, Princess Street — 10.15 and 5.15. Catholic Cathedral (SS. Mary and Boniface), Cecil Street — 7-3°» 9> JI» 3 and 6.30. Holy Cross, Beaumont Road — 7.30, 8, 10.30, 3 and 6.30. Christadelphians, Foresters' Hall, Octagon — 11 and 6.30. Christian Science, Ebrington Street — 11.30 and 6.30. Congregational : Batter Street — 11 and 6.30. Mount Street — 6.30. Norley Street — 11 and 6.30. Old Laira Road — 11 and 6.30. Old Tabernacle, Exeter Street — 11 and 6.30. Sherwell Chapel, Tavistock Road — 11 and 6.30. Union Chapel, Courteney Street — 11 and 6.30. Friends' Meeting House : Mutley Plain — 6.30. Treville Street — 11. Jews' Synagogue, Catherine Street — on Saturdays, 1 and dusk ; in summer at St. St. Michael's, West Hoe — 1 1 and 6.30. Peter's, Wyndham Square, Eldad — 7, 8, 10.30, 11, 2.45 and 6.30. St. Saviour's, Lambhay Hill — 1 1 and 6. 30. St. Simon's, Salisbury Road — 11 and 6.30. NFORMIST. at 8.30 a.m. ; hi winter 8.45 a.m. Fridays 4 p.m. winter ; 7.30 p.m. summer. Notte Street Hall— 11 and 6.30. Particular Baptist : Emmanuel Chapel, North Road — 1 1 and 6.30. Plymouth Brethren : Park Street — n and 6.30. Raleigh Street — 10.45 and 6.30. Presbyterian Church, Wyndham Street — n and 6.30. Primitive Methodist, Cobourg Street — 11 and 6.30. Salvation Army : Martin Street, Exeter Street. Unitarian, Treville Street — n and 6.30. United Methodist : Ebrington Street Embankment Road 6.30. Greenbank — 11 and 6.30. Zion Street — 11 and 6.30. Wesleyan Methodist : Ebenezer Chapel, Saltash Street — 11 and 6.30. King Street — 11 and 6.30. Mutley — 11 and 6.30. Wesley Chapel, Ebrington Street — 11 and 6.30. Peverell Park — 11 and 6.30. Mount Gould — 11 and 6.30. Compton — 11 and 6.30. Laira — 11 and 6.30. -11 and 6.30 and Storehouse. Established Church. St. George's Church, Chapel St. Paul's Church, Durnford Street — 8, n and 6.30. Street — 8, 11 and 6.30. St. Matthew's Church, Clarence \ Royal Naval Hospital Chapel — Place — 8.15, 11 and 6.30. 11 and 6.30 46 PLACES OF WORSHIP Congregational : Emma Place — n and 6.30. Primitive Methodist : Siloam Chapel, Union Place — j 10.45 an