SUPPLEMENT, JULY 15, 1876.]

THE GARDEN

INDEX,

TS NSIS Gh NiO lL IM RY Io

Abies, Albortiana, 72; Alcockiana, 364; Engelmanni, or commutata, 452, 483 ; excelsa auren, 75; nigra, 480; pecti- nata, 123; various kinds of, 318

Abutilon Darwini tesselatum, 277,324; variegated, 516

Acacias, new false, 36; shedding their buds, 172

Achania Malvaviscus, 254

Achimenes, 206, 271, 345, 478, 598

Acidanthera bicolor, 156

Acorns, sweet, 342

Acre, measurements of an, 256

Adiantum digitatum, 324, 348; gracilli- mum, 376; monograph of, 4; Ludde- mannianum, 324; Williamsi, 531

Adonis vernalis, 499

Aichmea, culture of the, 51; Weilbachia Lamprocerus, 32

Aischynanthuses, culture cf, 424

Aithionema grandiflorum, 108, 144; species of, 109

Aérides Mendeli, 488

Agapanthus umbellatus, 311

Agave, notes on, 375; utahensis, 242

Agricultural Holdings Act, the, 119

np pulchella, 540

antus, the, 342

Ainsliwa Walkeri, 464

Air in forcing houses, 148; testing, 671

Albert Memorial in Hyde Park, 462

Alexandra Palace Show, 464

Algeria, Eucalyptus globulus in, 190

Allamandas, 55, 249

Allium anceps, 464

Almonds, Jordan, 412; some varieties of, 383 ; the Earth, 242

Alocasias, 574

Aloe, the Pearly, 529; the Utah, 459

Alonsoa acutifolia, 351

Alpine flowers, 3; garden, 99; plants, distribution of, 137; propagating, 287

Alternanthera, autumn-struck cuttings, best, 176; propagating, 272; winter- ing, 150, 223

Amarantus, Globe, 367, 477

Amaryllids, culture of, 447, 598

American blight, 485

American Centennial Exhibition, 560

Ambherstia nobilis in India, 209

Anectochilus, 193; Dawsoni, 210

Anzestia grandiflora, 356

Ananassa sativa variegata, 410

Anemone fulgens, 79, 506; hardiness of, 440; in the Holy Land, 137; palmata, 499 ; pulsatilla in bloom, 335

Anemones at Tring, 406 ; Star and Com- mon, 196

Angola, vegetation in, 176

“Angola and the River Congo,” 176

Angrecum eburneum, 51

Annuals, 65, 66; greenhouse, 66

Anthericum Liliastrum, 12, 591

Anthurium, 339, 674; Saundersii, 351

Antigonon leptopus, 256

Antirrhinums from seed, 149

Ants and chalk, 479; in flower-beds, how to destroy, 407

Aphelandras, culture of, 222

Aphis, woolly, the, 485

Aphides and Tomato leaves, 292

Aplopappas spinulosus, 79

Aponogeton distachyon, how to plant, 230; indoors, 283; out-of-doors, 260

Apple and Rhubarb tarts, 463

Apel, Ben Dayis, 30; Brazier’s Fame,

ox’s Orange Pippin, 113, 328, 500; preservation of, 376; long keeping, 400; D'Arcy Spice Pippin, 222, 262; Duchess of Oldenburgh, 422; Gloria Mundi, 152; Lucombe’s Seedling, 148 ; Newtown Pippins, 16, 113, 192; nomenclature, 575; Northern Spy, 72, 76; orchards, 14; Paul’s Im- perial Crab, 92; Paul’s Improved Crab, 383; Queen, 27; Reinette du Canada, 128; Ribston Pippin in Nova Scotia, 500; Ross’s Nonpareil, 76; Russian and cold, 650; Curl-tail Pip- pin, 403; Golden Noble, 64; Scarlet Nonpareil in June, 563; Tom Put, 24, 27, 50, 76 ; Wellington, 128 ; Wheeler’s Russet, 92; White Calville, 371

Apple-barrel header, 484

Apple stocks, 266; Pears on, 351, 383, 404; trees, renovating old, 152, 196

Apples, Dead Sea, 195; dwarf, 203 ;

ardy, 383; keeping, selecting, 152; new race of desirable, 4; picking; over, 248, 351; preserving the flayour

of, 128; prices of, 52; Ribston Pippin in Constantinople, 383 ; want of good dessert, 443; and Siberian Crabs, hy- brids between, 444

Apricots, 64; as standards, 523; blos- soms, spring protection of, 300

Apricot trees, spring protection of, 400

April, floral decorations for, 338; gar- den vegetation during, 475

Aquarium, floating garden in an, 340; flower show at Westminster, 4, 372

Aquilegia cmrulea, 460; chrysantha, 640; varieties of, 384; hybrid, 563

eat = as biennials, 428

Aralia elegantissima, 487,595; quinque- folia as a hardy shrub, 28; specta- bilis, 696 ; splendidissima, 696 ; Veitchi gracillima, 487, 488, 611

Araucaria Goldieana, 487; imbricata, 131; in Ireland, 492; in the Isle of Wight, 555; the great, at Dropmore, 84

Arbour Day, 419

Arbor-vitew edgings, dwarf, 435

Arbutus, the, in Greece, 179

Ardisia crenulata, 410

Ariszema precox, 293

Aristolochias, 100

Aroid, a graceful, 293

Arran, Tree Ferns, hardy in, 543

Artichokes, Globe, 48; in succession, 307 ; spring-planted, 332 ; Jerusalem, history of the, 189

Artocarpus Cannoni, 616

Arum, White, 512; the hardy, 137, 172

Arundo conspicua, 137, 539

Asarum canadense as an aromatic, 544

Asclepias curaparica, 210

Ashes, wood, 28

Ashes in the Garden, 190

Asimina hiloba, 563 ; in England, 570

Asperula odorata, 287

Asphalte ». wood-pavement, 370

Asparagus beds in winter, 11; bunch- ing, 254; French bunching, 580; Conover’s Colossal, 418, 429, 439, 468 ; culture in India, 168; dearness of, 376; different kinds of, 307 ; French, in London markets, 468 ; forcing, Russian mode of, 95 ; forcing, new method of, 163, 581; forcing in open-air beds, 330; for table decora- tion, 116; in trenches, 213 ; large, 557 ; planting, 235; ridge-and-furrow growth of, 124; Rose Hative, 540; without digging or forking, 418,

Ataccia cristata, 231

Atoms, 9

Aucubas, as house plants, 343; pollen of, 390; fertilization of, 318, 348; berried, 28, 58, 117, 1381, 147, 148, 179, 230; in London gardens, 364; graft- ing, 124; orange-berried, 123 ; scarlet- berried, 123

Australia, vegetation in, 412

Auricula, Alexander Meiklejohn, 396; Bessie Ray, 396; Charles Lidguard, 440, 464; double yellow, 388 ; Gertrude Knight, 440; History of the, 52; Mrs. Purvis, 419; Slough Rival, 396; Topsy, 376; William Bragg, 443, 464; at London shows, 352; Alpine, 378; Alpine seedling, 497; from seed, 149 ; select, 372

Azalea, Duke of Edinburgh, 440; Mlam- beau, 487; var. Diplomatist, 464; indica imbricata, 538, 608; Jean Vervaene, 437,488; Apollo, 464; mollis, from seed, 448 ; culture of, 265, 290, 502, 558, 597; at Brussels, 440; Ghent, in bloom, 563 ; new selections of, 595

Balsams, 67, 477, 478

Bamboos, hardy, in the wild garden, 671; various kinds of, 321; Metake, the hardiest, 364

Bank, a wild, in Devon, 51

Baobab, the, 119; in Angola, 177

Barbarea vulgaris, fl. pl., 591

Basket plants, Pelargoniums, as, 5; hanging, Nemophila insignis for, 272

Bay. the, in Greece, 179

Bayham Abbey Gardens, Kent, 128

Bean, dwarf, French, Pooley’s Prolific, 70; French, Carter’s White Advancer, 608; broad, culture of, 249; sowing, 36; haricot, 514; kidney, early sum- mer, 588; scarlet runner, in trenches, 355; preserving for winter use, 355; tropical varieties of, 277

Beauty, the influence of, 535

Bedding Calceolarias out-of-doors in

winter, 48; plants, proparing, 217; spring, propagation of, 25, 64, 84

Beech, seedling, for hedges, 54; Copper at Clumber, 570

Beet, Dell’s Black-leaved, 283

Beetroot, wintering, 47

Begonia, double tuberous-rooted, 99; propagation of, 401, 410; Froebelii, 77, 99; Gloire de Nancy, 99; insignis for winter decoration, 35; Lemoinei, 99 ; octopetala Frosbeli, 304; salmonea, flore-pleno, 516; culture of, 553; grubs on, 144; hybrid, in greenhouses, 153

Bellis rotundifolia ccerulescens, 9

Berberries,pinnate-leaved,17 ; sweet,512

Berries for birds, 600

Biennials, 66

Bignonias, 577

Bilbergias, culture of, 301

Bird Cherry, the, 256, 491

Birds in Regent’s Park, 73

Birmingham, new park for, 584

Bitton, spring flowers at 164

Blackberries from root-cuttinga, 15

Blanching Celery, tan for, 46

Blandfordia flammea var. princeps, 118

Bloom, cut, Laurustinus for, 48

Blue Daisy, a, 9

Blue Grass a.ter locusts, 300

Bog Arum, the, 137

Bog Bean, the, 137

Boilers, incrustation of, 50

Boiler-water beneficial to plants, 283; for plants, 388, 403

Bollea Lalindei, 512

Bonnet flowers, Josh Billings on, 9

Borage in garden, 476; under glass, 612

Border, spring, a bright, 335

Borders, herbaceous, 208 ; digging, 321 ; spring treatment of, 288; value of, 145 ; mixed, 366; shrubbery bare, 409

Boronia elatior, 488

Bosnia, account of, 167

Botanic garden at Southport, 40); Chi- cago, 30)

Botanical names for English readers, 346; tour in the Tyrol, 391

Botryanthus szovitzianus, 376

Bougainvilleas, 189, 409, 593; glabra, 533; spectabilis, 83; flowering, 116; in India, 98

Bouleyard, a planted, for London, 376

Bouquets, fan-shaped, 75, 141; Lycopo- dium denticulatum for, 283; pot, 223 ; royal, 236

Bouquet flowers, listof, 38; for Feb., 140

Boussingaultia baselloides, 123

Bouchea pseudogervao, 351

Bouvardias, 121, 533; hybridising, 168

Box in Washington’s garden, 491; varieties of, 82

Box-edging, protecting corners of, 95

Boxes for cuttings, 48 ; for seed, 48

Brahea filamentosa, 324

Brambles, cultivated, 570; snowy-white flowered, 517; showy, 586

Breakdown, the South Kensington, 274

Briers, seedling, root-grafting, 406; Roses on the, 32

Broccoli, a good late, 488; Champion of England, 491; culture of, 235; from Enfield, weights of, 610; heeling-in, 69, 117, 124, 163, 188, 212, 235; how to cook, 22; late,582 select, 439 ; Snow’s, 47, 94, 117, 249; the best, 418, 557; variegated, 488 ; Walcheren, 47 ; win- ter varieties of, 47; Wood’s selected White Cape, 468

Brodiwa californica, 377

Brompton Stock, New Giant White, 536

Broom-fibre, 119

Browneas, at Glasnevin, 170; Cork, 48

Brugmansia, the, 244; sanguinea, 490

- Brussels Exhibition, the, 360, 439

Brussels Sprouts, Welch’s Giant, 117

Bryophyllum calycinum, 256, 353

Buckeye, the Californian, 371

Bulb beds carpeted with Saxifrages, 399

Bulbocodium yvernum, 335

Buttercup, The Great Double, 543, 584, 586

Butterfly, the White Cabbage, 329

Butterwort, the White, 510

Cc.

Cabbage, Cocoa-nut, 249; red, 249

Cabbage Sprouts, 304

Cacti at Baden-Baden, 218; gigantic, 579

Cactus family, growth of, 563

Calabash tree, the, 124, 209, 235

Caladiums, 206, 344, 410, 573 ; Mme. de la Déransaye, 510, 512 ; Mme. Herve, 512

Calathea leucostachys, 118 :

Calceolarias, 67, 367, 372; bedding out- of-doors in winter, 48; damping off, 595; dwarf herbaceous, 164; for seed growing, 398 ; from seed, 160; herba- ceous, 225, 629; winter treatment of, 10; tenella, 539

Calla wthiopica, 264, 512; for Ohurch decoration, 399; at home and in cul- tivation, 388

Calochortus, forcing, 83; successful cul- ture of, 530; venustus, 132; various spe- cies of, 132; citrinus, 165; glaucus, 71

Caltha leptosepala, 340; palustris mon- strosa, 476

Camassias in bloom, 616 ; alba, 590

Camellias, culture of, 154, 264, 265, 279, 411, 547, 573, 597; cutting back, 115; dropping their buds, 340; out-of-doors, 396, 461; removing, 506; renovating unhealthy, 3; single white, 172, 210; soil for, 630; Count Nesselrode, 300 ; hardiness of the, 311; Saccoi nova, 35

Camoensia maxima, 177 ‘ ;

Campanula calycanthema, 438; persi- cifolia, 588; pulla, 488; pyramidalis, 438; pyramidalis alba, 438

Campsidium, 411

Candles, heating by, 398 x

Cannas, 29; dark-leaved, 80; liliflora,167

Canterbury Bell as a pot plant, 583

Caoutchouc trees, cultivation of, 371

Caper plant, the, in flower, 32

Capparis spinosa in flower, 32

Capsicums, sweet, 99

Caraguata musaica, 126

Caraway, a new tuberous-rooted, 189

Carboys into hand-lights, 615

Carbolic soap v. ants, 420

Cardamine pratensis, 468

Qardoon in the sub-tropical garden, 255

Carica candamarcensis, 165

Carludoyica palmata, 423) ;

Carnations from seed, 150; in window boxes, 74; new way of striking, 210; select, 176

Carnivorous plants, 72

Carrot, French Early Horn, 70; culture of, 546; French, in Covent Garden, 491; Horn, late sown, 162

Cassia corymbosa, 438

Castor-oil plant, the, as a tree, 460

Caterpillars, Hawthorn, 120 cl

Cathcart’s. Lord, Potato competition, 43

Cattleya Blunti, 535; bulbosa, 75

Caulifiowers from Paris gardens, 540; to cook, 23; Veitch’s Autumn Giant, 249, 255 ; Snowball, 47; at Erfurt, 212

Cedars on Lebanon, 56,200 _

Cedar of Lebanon, a gigantic, 120

Cedars of Lebanon, 200; scarcity of, 28

Cedar, the Virginian, in winter, 200

Cedrela sinensis, 41

Celastrus scandens, 165, 192, 256, 278

Celery, 224; trenches for, 255, 307, 355, 587; au gratin, 120; boiled, 120; cul- ture of, 21, 366; common errors in, 235 ; hollow or spongy, remedy for, 331; Incomparable, 254; Red, 212; Williams’ Matchless, 213; tan for blanching, 46; the virtues of, 582; trial of at Chiswick, 94; White, 212

Cellars, Mushroom culture in, BSL

Celosias, 478, 574; in autumn, 257

Celosia pyramidalis, 80, 149; Reid’s Perfection), 168

Cemeteries, flowers in, 254 : g

Centaurea cyanus, 491; ragusina win- tering out-of-doors, 137

Centigrade and Fahrenheit, 375

Centranthus Lucianus, 340

Central Hort, Soc. of France, 216, 560

Ceratozamias, various, 308

Cercis canadensis, 492

Chalk and ants, 479; as fuel, 209

Chateau de Segrez, trees at, 555 |

Cherry, tho bird, 256, 491; the winter, as a vegetable, 332; early. 539; forcing, 62; select list of, 63; Weeping, 342

Chestnuts, Horse, select, 341

Chestnuts, some uses of, 120, 371

Chestnut tree, Longfellow’s, 492

Chicago, South Park, 534

Chickweed, Golden, 236

Chicory v. Witloof, 238

China Grass, 518 3

Chinese Cherry, the Weeping, 342 __

Chiswick, bedding Pelangoniums tried at, 458; Onions at, 20; trial of Fuch- sias at, 466

Chlidanthus fragrans, 396

Chlorogalum Leiehtlini 590

(var.

THE GARDEN INDEX.

(SUPPLEMENT, suLx. 15, 1876.

Chlorophyl, want of, in seedlings, 116; in variegated seedlings, 150 Choisya ternata, flowers of, a substitute for Orange blossom, 342 Chorozemas, treatment of, 512 Christmas Roses, 26, 163, 175, 280, 289; large-flowered, 32; the Giart, 137; large, 165; new, 73; seeding of, 24, 67, 476, 618, 566 Chrysanthemums, 98, 224, 455; as bed- ding plavts, 460; for conservatory decoration, 267; for exhibition, 267; from seed, 150, 210; Pompone, 267; pyramid, 268 ; selection of, 269; stand- ard, 268; summer, treatment of, 466; a Jate white, 33; virginale, 96; cut- tings, culture of, 319 Chufa, the 242, 278 Ohurch decorations, 4, 39, 399 Churchyards, gardens in, 24, 488, 543 Chysis, the genus, 592 Cinerarias, 67, 547 ; from seed, 150; her- baceous, 225 ; in bloom round London, 304; in greenhouses, 153 ; new dwarf race of, 125; double King Alphonso, 512, 488; Prince Imperiul, 512; seeds, saving of, 448 Cinchona trees, cultivation of, 371 Cinnamomum sericeum, hardy, 28 Cissus discolor, festooned, 353 Cisterns, cheap, 531 Citrus trifoliata, stock for Oranges, 340 City of London Flower Show, 608 Clapham Common improvements, 99 Clarkia elegans flore-pleno, 80 Clematises for the wild garden, 543; new, 457; Messrs. Jackman’s, 408; raising from seed, 27; Countess of Lovelace, 487; Deyoniensis, 563; Duke of Connaught, 659; Enchan- tress, 659 ; indivisa lobata, 272; lanu- ginosa violacea, 488; Ligusticifolia, 341; montana, 566; President, 348; Princess of Wales, 487; Proteus, 440; Venus Victrix, 559; Vesta, 408 Clerodendron Balfourianum, 250; Keempferi, from seed, 599 Olianthus, a new, 175 Climbers and shade, 673; British berry- bearing, 137; hardy, 148, 216; hardy evergreen ornamental, 467; on dead trees, 474, 515 ; roof, 172 Cliveden, in 1876, 595 cecal, the formation of, 312 oca plant, the, 280, 300, 304, 445 Gelogyne cristata, 75, 170 coffee, making, 120 coffee plants, African species of, 456 @ockscombs, 67, 478, 574 cockroaches, cure for, 168 cocoa-nut, the, in Florida, 223 cocos Weddeli, 410 Columbus, the, 384; as biennials, 428 ; in Utah, 200; hybrid, 563 ; Rocky Moun- tain, 460; Yellow, 540 Colchicums, failure of, 136 Coleworts, winter, 22, 71 Cold, and Russian Apples, 550; in its relation to height, 549 QOollomia seed and the microscope, 208 Coloured plates, preservation of, 112 Colours by gaslight, 53 Coltsfoot pushing through Asphalte, 399 Oolleges, Horticultural, in U.S., 50 Commons, London, 684 Conifers, Rev, Mr. Fraser on, 93, fine, 600; hardy, inmarshy districts, 328; hints on propagating, 57; pruning, 897; seeds in 1 lb., number of, 371 ; select, 414; the cause of stem-bleeding in, 555 ; variegated, 83 Conservatories, 61, 85, 138; creepers for, 311; lamps for warming, 331; rocky screens in, 5; winter in, 10 Constantinople, fruit and vegetables in, 302; Ribston Pippins in, 383 Coppice-plant, the Redwood as a, 364 Coprosma Beaureana variegata, 56 Coral plant, the herbaceous, 472 Cork as a tree-guard against game, 490 Cork, Browneas in, 48 Corridors, plants for, 38 Corsica, Daisies of, 260; plant collecting in, 193; vegetation of, 514 Cornel, dwarf Canadian, 259 Cornflower, the earliest, 491 Cornus canadensis, 259; various, 342 Cornwall, fruit prospects in, 360 ; Rho- * dodendron Dalhousize in, 570; the late frost in, 48 Coronillas, culture of, 547 Corylus americana, 167 Cotton-wood tree, 178 Cotyledon teretifolia, 583 Cow Pea, the, 348 Comper Bs a merdener, 253 rab-apples, Siberian, and Apples, hy- brids between, 444 Deas ea Cranberry culture, statisties of, 168; the American, in Hurope, 444 Oraspedia Richei, 49] Crassula Bolusi, 71

Creepers, 311; varieties of, 394

Cresses, improvement of, 196

Crickets, cure for, 168

Crocus, 175; forcing, 83; early, 198; fajlure of, by deep-rooting, 136; from seed, 258; Boryi, 47; etruscus, 304; hellenicus, 260; veluchensis, 165 ; Wel- deni, 191

Crops, systematic rotation of, 112

Crotons, 344, 574; their cultivation, 567 ; Macafeeanum, 396, 511; Mooreanum, 511, 559; Mortei, 606; trdobus Alberti, 388

Croweas, 264

Crowfoots, garden, 566 ; select, 465

Crystal Palace Flower Show, 610

Crucianella stylosa, 663

Cucumbers, bitter, 429, 463

Cucumber culture in the open air, 370

Cucumis sativus (Sikkimensis), 165

Cultivation, the, of flowering stoves, 34

Culture for transport, 116; Nut, 40

Cupania filicifolia, 411

Cupressus Lawsoniana in flower, 318

Curculigo recurvata variegata, 410

Currant, a Green, 360, 396; a White Black, 383; Black, green-fruited, 404; Black, Lee’s Prolific, 196

Currants, new large, 248; Red, trial of at Chiswick, 382; White, trial of at Chiswick, 383

Custard Apple, 570; N. American, 563

Cuttings by post, packing for, 87; pot- ting-off, 27; speedy way of striking, 150; striking, 110; striking in water, 672, 593; transmission of, 176

Cyclamens, 372, 547

Cyclamen Purple Gem, 277

Cydonia japonica, 352; sinensis, 390

Cytisus, culture of, 547; filipes, 340

Cypella ccerulea, 464; peruviana, 191

Cyperus alternifolius yariegata, 345; esculentus, 278

Cypress wood, large plant of, 179

Cypripedium, the, 524; acaule, 328; humile, 238; Passerianum, 80; Roezli, 254; Sedeni, 563; silligerum, 488, 512; spectabile, 238

Dacrydium Franklini, 216

Dactylis glomerata latifolia aurea, 606

Daddy-long-legs, the, 530

Daffodils, 225; Butter-and-eggs, 328; hardy, value of, 400 ; in Victoria Park, 516; three good, 358

Dahlia gracilis, 583; Maximiliana, 335; from seed, 150; grafting, 141

Daisies, double, select, 428, 465, 475; for window boxes, 462; Hen-and-Chick- ens, 543, 584; of Cor-ica, 260; single or double, 543

Daisy, blue, 9; the Turfing, 259

Dandelion, the, 544; as salad, 582

Daphnes, the, 667; Cneorum forced, 448 ; indica, 367 ; rupestris, 242, 586

Darwin, Charles, and plants, 4

Davallia Moorei for rooms, 304

Decabelone Barklyi, 165

De Candolle on Carnivorous Plants, 544

Decorations, floral, 38 ; dining-room, 53

Delphinium Cashmirianum, 47; formo- sum as a cut flower, 108; new, 199; nudicaule, 569; the Scarlet, 563

Dendrobium amcenum,365 ; Boxalli, 336 ;

chrysotis section, the, 338; chryso-.

toxum, 396; Falconeri, 472 ; fuscatum, 464; Heyneanum, 258; lituiflorum, 258 ; nobile section, 337 ; teretifolium, 75, 98; Wardianum section, 300, 336 Dendrophilia, 227, 316, 414 Deutzia gracilis, 264 Deutzias, 454; for small gardens, 450 Deodar, the, as a vase plant, 83; trans-

planting, in May, 436

Desfontainea spinosa in Ireland, 83

Dieffenbachia illustris, 583; Shuttle- worthi, 606

Dictamnus Fraxinella, 195

Digging, 95

Dion edule, 47

Diplacus glaucus, 438

Disease among Lilies, 8

Diurus alba, 118

Dog’s-tooth Violets, Californian, 335

Dogwood, the, 342

Dorset, fruit trees in, 486 ; Roses in, 486

Draba Mawi, 47

Draczenas, 344, 574; as berry-bearing shrubs, 412; at Brussels, 440 3 Goldieana, 487; indivisa in Phoenix Park, 258; insignis, 606; Rex, 487 ; triumphans, 487

Dracocephalum altaiense, 464

Drains, tree roots choking, 452

Drumlanrig, new range of glass at, 563

Dryness at the root in winter, 117

Duckweed, fruiting, 422

Eastern Counties, weather in the, 371 Echeyveria-eating insects, 348

Echinocactus cylindricus, 659

Edgings, 366; Box, protecting, 96; Festuca viridis, 108; London Pride, 96 ; Ophiopogon japonicus, 32; dwarf Arbor-vitm, 436; flint, 288; garden, 200; in shady places, 476

Eglinton Castle, hybrid Pansies at, 640 ; Violas at, 540

Hgyptian gardens, tropical fruits in, 644

Hider, Golden, 608

Electricity splitting trees, 316

Elm, American, an ancient, 274; gigantic, at Schimsheim, 389; the Weeping, 256; old, in Ringmer church- yard, 436; Wych, in Dublin, 300

Embothrium coccineum, 491, 492; in England, 570

Endive for spring use, 518

Hngland, the Hemlock Spruce in, 600

Epacris onosmeflora fllore-pleno, 236, 281; new double white, 281

Epiphyllums, a new stock for, 472; as wall plants, 183; propagating, 259

Episcia erythropus, 351

Kranthemum pulchellum, dwarf, 116; roseum, 583; tricolor, 403

Eremostachys laciniata, 590

Ericas at home, 352 ; hardy, 93

Eriodendron anfractuosum, 178

Eritrichium nanum, 468

Erythrina Crista-galli ground, 499

Erythronium giganteum, 335, 328

Eryngium Leayenworthi, 78; eburneum, 164

Erythroxylon Ooca (see Coca)

Eucalyptus coccifera, hardy, 390; glo- bulus in Derbyshire, 179, 200 ; Cam- pagna, 168; Algeria, 190; as an insecti- tuge, 119, 492; pendulain Arran, 491

Eucharis, a new, 26; amazonica, 184; candida, 360; a houseful of, 218

Eugadine, flowers of the, 3

Euonymus, 213 ; as a window plant, 48 ; the fruit of, 179

Euphorbiz in bloom,468 ; jacquinifolia, 184, 250

Europe, Oil trees of China in, 190

Huston Square, 144

Evergreen banks, 179

Hyergreens, branches of, in flower-beds, 176; for damp situations, 492, 535; poisoning by, 179; pruning, notes on, 397; under trees, 230

Explaining, 216

in the open

Fahrenheit and Centigrade, 375

Failure of Winter Spinach, 47

False Acacias, new, 56

Feather Grass, 199

February, a garden at Riviera in, 262; garden vegetation in, 280; thirteen years’ temperatures of, 260

Fences in parks and gardens, 59

Fencing for tree plantations, 316

Fennel, Sweet, 463

Fermentation in flowers and fruit, 16

Ferns, 558; cool treatment for, 170; culture of, 86, 477; greenhouse, 11, 37, 207, 265, 368, 454, 533, 536, 598; half- hardy, 37, 111, 320, 454; hardy, 454, 620; stove, 11, 37, 61, 185, 265, 368, 454, 533, 698 ; Tree, hardy in Arran, 643

Fern, Ostrich Feather, 288; the Hart’s- tongue as a room plant, 462

Fern leaves for mattresses, 200

Fernery in the Isle of Wight, 65; half- hardy, 598; hardy, 111, 598

Ferniehurst, Orchids in bloom at, 516

Ferula (Euryangium) Sumbul, 71

Festuca viridis for edgings, 108

Fever Gum Tree, the, in the Campagna, 168; in Derbyshire, 179, 200

Flax, New Zealand, in flower in Scot- land, 467

« Plora Orientalis,” the, 479

Floral decorations, 38, 140, 225; April, 338; May, 455; June, 538

Floral effects in Norway, 358

‘“Wlore des Serres ”’ (Van Houtte), 140

Florida, the Cocoa-nut in, 223 ~

Flower-beds, arrangement for, 352; a show of, 260; branches of evergreens in, 176; edgings for, 233; forming in snow, 185; furnishing, 442; mixed, effective, 198; preparing and plant- ing, 517; to destroy ants in, 407

Flower borders, 394

Flower garden in a churchyard, 352

Flower-vase, the Lacrosse, 543

Flowers, a firm root-run for, 252; fer- mentation in, 16; Alpine, drawings of, 468; onthe Pyrenees, 591; border, to be sown in June, 590; change of names in France, 572; cottage, 334; cut, Delphinium formosum ior, 108; preserving in winter, 74; how to pre- serve, 462; distilling the odours of, 800, 334; dried, preserving colours of, 260; early, at Bitton, 164; florists’, from seed, 149; for the poor, 498;

for the woods, 253, 288; in church- yards, 643; hardy, of the week in Lon- don gardens, 332, 356, 378, 404, 426, 448, 472, 496, 520, 644, 564, 588; hardy, 372, 42), 611; and Wnglish names, 878; herbaceous, 207 ; early, 199, 278; Outskirting, 552 ; select, 487; how fertilised, 87; how to pack, 498; in cemeteries, 254; influence of light on the colours of, 448; in the house, 256; June, in the north, 561; models of, 196 ; simple, a vase of, 462; spring colours of, 75; spring, 145, 175, 163, 198; spring effective, 242; hardy, 396 ; wild, transplanting, 399; woou- land, and wild gardens, 407, 457, 461

Flowering stove plants, 34

Flower garden, the, 597

Flower gardens, English, 453, 506; in churchyards, 488; in Norway, 358

Flower-pots, new material for, 258

Flower Show, Great, at Brussels, 439

Flower Shows, parochial, 480 ; influence of, 584; and their influences, 584, 606

Flower-sticks, 216 ;

Fibre, Ochra as a, 147; Typha as a, 286

Ficus elastica, 206; minima, “34; minima, hardy, 348

Figs, 86 ; drying, 383; fresh, in March, 403 ; rusting, 605 ; the caprification of, 404 ; the earliest, 222, 248 ; the Adam, 420; the small creeping, 340; culture under glass, 605

Filberts, preserving, 190

Filbert tree, Waterton’s, 72

Findlay, Mr. B., a testimonial to, 563

Finnochio, 463

Fire-bush, the, 491

Fire-heat, Vines without, 573

Firs, Douglas, rapid growth of, 120

Fir, Silver, height of, 123; leayes, curious movement of, 131 bei

Feeniculum dulce, 463

Fog, effects of, on Orchids, 123

Food, fruit as, 16

Forcing Asparagus in open-air, 330

Forced vegetabies, 346

Forcing-houses, 61, 110, 185, 345 ; giving air in, 148

Forcing Irises, 272; Lilacs, 327; Pinks for, 399; Strawberries, 261; vege- tables, 251, 291

Forest trees, 155

Forests, conservation of, 390

Forestry and poetry, 273; statistics respecting, 157 ; the art of, 157

Forget-me-not, Perennial Mountain, 499 ; the Weirleigh Surprise, 474; the Wood, 443

Foxglovyes, 241; the Golden, 242

France, gardens in the south of, 584; the last vintage in, 191 ‘ ;

Frasera Pairyi, 79

Fraxinellas, the, 174, 200

Freesia Leichtliniana, 388

Fritillary, the Golden, 584 ee

Fritillaria aurea, 71, 584;) macrophylla, 608; meleagris var. Hector; 352

Frost, effect of, on trees, 162,200; in valleys, 113; line of greatest danger from, 77; newspaper coverings for, 15; registry of, trom October’ 1, 1854, to April 30, 1876, 475; the late, in Cornwall, 48 ; v. Apricot blossoms, 300

Fruit, 607 ; and birds, 261; as food, 16; blossoms, a simple protection for; 348 ; setting, under glass, 443; car,’ Ame- rican, 24; crops and the weather, 404; culture, Mx. Hibberd on, 182; fallacies in, 220, 283; hills v. hollows for, 248 ; progress in, 358 ; in kitchen gardens, 359; department, indoor, 291, 321; firm root-run for, 252; in Constanti- nople, 302; flavour of, 24; gathering, a new ladder for, 292; garden, the, 454; germination within the, 56, 117; hardy, 37, 140, 186, 226, 266, 322, 369; Al1, 456, 503, 548, 599 ; houses, 60; how preserved in Russia, 444; indoor, department, 250; market, the, 571; mission, 605; preserving in the open air, 15; prospects for 1876, '222, 292, 301; in Northamptonshire, 348; in Cornwall, 360; in Angola, 178; in Natal, 166; in West Middlesex, 347 § new varieties of, 16 ; tropical; in Egyp- tian gardens, 544 ; undevelopéd, 671; thinning out, 638; v. malaria, 600: weights of, 261

Fruit trees do not wear out, 277; dwarf- jing stocks for, 182; for the north walls of gardens, 204; French treat- ment of, 170; in Dorset, 486 ; left to Nature, 204; in orchard-houses, 639 ; management of, 444; natural age of, 131; on gable ends, 292; on north walls, 24; pruning for a crop, 97; preparing for, 183; pruning of, 148 ; restriction v. extension of, 39; too many varieties of, 248 ; top-dressing, 127; good wash for, 662; stone, root- grafting, 183

SUPPLEMENT, JULY, 5, 1876.]

THH GARDEN INDEX.

vil

Fuchsiag, culture of, 225, 264, 407, 502, 573; best varieties of, 152 ; for arches, 566 ; from seed, 160; garden, the various races of, 284; inarching, 209; in pots, 244; Laing’s Hybrid, 607; planted out, 244; as basket plants, 579; trials of, at Chiswick in 1875, 466; winter treatment of, 10; Boli- viana, 402; Sunray, 630

Fuel, chalk as, 2.9

Vungi and fruit diseases, 522; danger- ous, 112; on the Date Palm, 66

Furze, Spanish, 600

Gago Plum, the Transparent, 226

Galanthus Elwesi, 306

Garden, a country parson’s, 1; at Riviera in February, 262 ; mixed, 238 ;

ublic, how to mismanage, 822; wild,

n Oxfordshire, 518; Cardoon in the, 265; destroyers, effect of petroleum on, 315; house sewage in the, 307; floating, in an Aquarium, 840 ; frames, 403; flower, 601, 532; kitchen, 532, 534, 561, 573, 575; cropping the, 307 ; irrigation of, 681; lime in the, 190; market, planning for horse culture, 468; products, date of exhibition at the American Centennial, 300; sea- gulls in the, 572, the wild, 225, 321; und hedges, 461; at Tew Park, 585; by the water-side, 566; Clematises for the, 543; hardy Bamboos in the, 671; in spring, 145; plants for the, 240; water-plants in the, 641; Welsh Poppies in the, 566; winter, at Laeken, 170; vegetation in February, 260; during April, 475 ; in May, 566 ; walks, iron clinkers for, 70

Gardenias, 33, 345, 633; all the year round, 352

Gardener, Cowper as a, 253

Gardeners and tho “ Sat. Rev.,’’ 275

Gairdcuer s soliloquy, 352 ; life, 528

Gardeners’ Royal Benevolent Institu- tion, Festival of, 563

Gardeners’ Society, the Wimbledon, 168

Gardening, hardy spring, 233; for pleasure, 12; in towns, 23; street, 618 ; in Mysore, 48

Gardens, character in, 540; (cottage) v. Shows, 518; French, the produce of, 385; farmers’, 552; geometrical and sub-tropical plants, 474; geometrical and old houses, 286 ; in New Guinea, 640; in the south of France, 684; Lon- don, hardy flowers of the week in, 332; London, effects of noxious vapours on, 347; London churchyard, 24; liquid manure in, 649; small, laying out, 374; market in San Francisco, 520; modern, the ‘‘ Saturday Review” on, 252 ; town, 606; the Temple, 575, variety in, 323; wild and woodland flowers, 407

Gas, effect of, on tree roots, 179

Gaslight, colours by, 53

Gateway, architectural, a mistake, 300

Gentiana verna, 167; gelida, 123

Geraniums from seed, 150; Gauntlet, 348; Robertianum album, 608

Germany, Plane trees in, 278

Germination in fruit, 56, 117; inice, 190

Gesnera cinnabarina, 388; for winter decoration, 35; for table decoration, 99; elongata, 472; for greenhouse in winter. 169; winter-flowering, the best, 388; Houtteana coccinea, 340

Gladioli in trenches, 306; raising from seed, 31; Cooperi, 76

Gladwyn, the, as undergrowth, 32 °

Glass, toughened, 172, 218

Glass-houses, painting, 13, 83; presery- ing woodwork, 126 ; open laps, 283

Gleichenias, the, 445

Gloxinias, culture of, 206, 478, 598; raising from seed, 605; excelsior, 559

Gnats in the garden, 480

Gooseberry buds and birds, 360 ; Fuch-

Bo ores a, 586 ooseberries, evils of early prunin 192; for exhibition, 128; training, 441, 500 ; Lancashire Show, 195 ; wild Ame- rican, 484

Grafting Aucubas, 124; Conifers, hints on, 67; Dahlias, 141; herba- ceous, 150 ; on large branches, evils of, 404; on roots, 385; Periwinkles, 116 ; root, stone fruits, 183; Vines, 128 ; with fruit-bearing wood, 15

Grape Hyacinths, select, 327

Grape (Golden Hamburgh), in pots, 605; Gros Colman, 113; market, the, 650; Pearson’s Golden Queen, 262; Royal Vineyard, 24; the Early Ascot Frontignan, 180,523 ; Vroege Van der Laenen, 496

Grapes, burying, 16; Californian, 51; colouring badly, 49; early, in pots, 523; influence of light on, 412; on

greenhouses, 161; new Belgian, in Covent Garden, 403; over-thinned, 484, 496; rust on, 422, 444, 485, 510, 628, 676, 605; saying a crop of, 550; thinning, 583; White Almerian, 376; White, the best, 180, 222

Grasses, ornamental, 24

Gravel walks, making, 190

Great St. Bruno’s Lily, 591

Greece, the Bay and Arbutus in, 179

Greenhouses, 110, 4838; Grapes in, 151; lean-to, heated by flues, 115; Rho- danthe in, 190; toughened glass for, 172; winter gardens in, 97

Grevillea Prassii, 236; Priesii, 324

Griffinia ornata, 234, 553

Groundsel (Tyerman’s), 572, 591

Grounds, pleasure, renovating, 366

Growth without light, 135

Grubs on the Begonia, 144

tuano early, mention of, 13

Guava, the purple, 183

Gum trees, the hardiest, 390

Gunnera scabra in the Fernery, 321; a

large specimen of, 563

Habrothamnus elegans, 602; Newelli, 612, 559

Hair a plant protector, 164

Hairbell, the Peach-leaved, 588

Halls, plants for, 38

Hampshire, Roses out-of-doors in, 48

Haworthia subulata, 529

Hawthorn caterpillars, 120; the Weep- ing, at Hyde Park Corner, 54)

Hazel Nuts, American, 167

Keating by lamps or candles, 448; chalk for, 209 ; houses, 60; lamps for, 531; plant-cases, 23, 54; with small connecting pipes, 118

Heating-pipes, effect of gas tar on, 196; paint for, 126; varnish for, 120

Heaths, 454; Cape, at home, 352

Hedge-cutting, 84; cutters, 286

Hedges, 369; ornamental, 461, 510; planting, 36 ; seedling Beech for, 54

Hedychium Gardnerianum, 438

Hedysarum Mackenziei, 78

Height, cold in its relation to, 549

Helianthus cucumerifolius, 78

Heliotropes, 606; winter, 99

Hellebores, large, 165; the fosatid, 199; seeding, 476, 518, 566; from seed, 176; various, 175

Helleborus abchasicus, 137, 163, 298; altifolius, 260; angustifolius,73 ; atro- rubens, 260; footidus, 199; guttatus, 163 ; maximus, 32 ; niger, 25; seeding of, 67; niger major, 288; purpuras- cens, 165 g

Hemp, the Slender-leaved Bowstring, 387

Hepaticas in pots, 115 ; Barlowi, 242; rubra, 288

Heracleum giganteum, 499, 540

Herbaceous borders, value of, 145

Herbaceous plants, Moss for, 30

Herbs, culture of, 155 ; Spanish, 293

Heteranthera limosa, 47

Hibiscus Colleri, 606

Highlands, value of timber in the, 390

Hilaire, M.,a gardener, 68 —

Hippeastrum, Rev. J. Staniforth, 192; Junius, 192; Phoebe, 192; Agatha, 192; Sultan, 192; Circe, 192; Clio, 277; Thalia, 277 ¥

Holy Land, Anemone fulgens in, 137

Hollyhock, the, 39, 67; from seed, 150 Hollies in berry, 450; transplanting, in

May, 436 i , Honeysuckles in the dwelling-house,

304; Evergreen Trumpet, 566; the

Winter, 179

Hoodia Gordoni, 539

Hops, spent, 190

Horse Chestnut-buds and sparrows, 412

Horseradish, import of, 99

Horticultural Club Library, 51

Hot-beds, 184 ‘

Hot-water pipes, paint for, 120, 126

Houses, superiority of span-roofed, 60

Humea elegans, 153, 438

Hyacinth, Princess Louise, 324; Sultan, 277; Golden Lion, 277; Shah, 277; Twining, 377; Wood, 468

Hyacinths, facility of increase of, 194; for forcing, 172; Roman, 35; select, 277; single, best for forcing, 150

Hyacinthus candicans, 74

Hybrids, various kinds of, 442

Hydrangeas, 407, 438; at Covent Gar- den, 328; blue, 200; in Cornwall, 67, 123; flowers, 554 4

Hyde Park, the mounds in, 300, 327; the Weeping Hawthorn in, 540

Hyéres, plants in bloom at, 198

Hydrophyllum plants, 371

Hydrophobia, specifics against, 530

Hypoestes aristata, 464

Hypolepis Bergiana, 419

Iberis corresfolia, bybrida nana, 80

Ice-house in the open air, 76

Ice without an ice-house, 211

Ice-watering indoor plants, 236

Illustrations, Vick’s, 211

Tmantophyllum miniatum, 311

Implements for Potato culture, 518

Incrustation of boilers, 51

Indian Corn petrified, 3v0

India-rubber trees, cultivation of, 371

Insect destroyers, 10; remedies, 546; vaporisers, 191

Insectituge, the Hucalyptus as an, 119

Ireland (South), Olives in, 117

Tris Darius, 692; fotidissima as underg owth, 32; longipetaia, 54); new winter-flowering, 29; reticulata, 136; forcing of, 27; the Lberian, 474 ; the Japan, 476; the Persian, 246

Trises, forcing, 83, 272; handsome, 498

Iresine Alleni, 396

Islands, miniature floating, 428

Isle of Wight, fernery in, 65

Italian garden at Botanic Gardens, Regent’s Park, 663

Ivy and Woodruff, 592; and the poets, 48; and trees, 50, 76 ; in houses, 354; not injurious to trees, 4; on stakes, 415; tree in shrubberies, 8

Ivies, garden, their uses, &c., 377

Ixora javanica, 516; regina, 426, 606; at Bangalore, 56; culture of, 26, 116

516; umbellata

Jaborandi, 364

Japan Privet, the, 140

Jasmines, the, 41

Jessamine, White-flowered Indian, 388

Jasminum nudiforum, 72 ; Sambac, 388

Judas trees, flowers of, in salads, 390

Juglans intermedia pyriformis, 392 ; regia and varieties, 361

June, floral decorations for, 538

Juniper, a tall, 452

Justicias, 230

Jute-plant, the true, 118

Kalosanthes, 455

Kauliussia amelloides kermesina, 80

Kensington Gardens, decay of trees in, 70 ; tree pictures in, 515

Kentia Mooreana, 487

Kerria japonica on walls or pillars, 483 ; the single, 376

Kew Gardens, new buildings at, 531; Orchids in bloom at, 400

King plants for table decoration, 193

Kitchen garden, the, 453; rotation of crops in, 112

Knebworth, roof tree at, 114

Kniphofia caulescens, 563

Knotweed, the, as an edible plant, 400

Labels for wall trees, 204

Laburnum, the evergreen, 600

Lachenalias in greenhouses, 153

Lachnanthes tinctoria, 276

Ladder, a new, for fruit gathering, 292

Ladies’ Smock, double, 468

Lady’s Slippers, 524; the Japan, 616

Laeken, winter garden at, 170

Lelia anceps Dawsoni, 51

Lagenaria vulgaris, 235

Landscape gardening, 311, 374

Landslips, the cause of, 312

Lantanas, 455

Lamb’s Lettuce, 190

Lamps for warming conservatories, 531

Lamp-stove, the ** True Friend,’’ 144

Lapagerias, culture of, 290, 502; white, hardiness of, 67

Larkspurs, perennial, 459

Lathyrus Sibthorpi, 592

Latin names of varieties, 531

Laurel, a new, 83; banks in pleasure grounds, 306

Laurustinus, standard, 123; for winter flowering, 243; for cut bloom, 48

Law— Euston Square Garden (Allen v, Mar-

tin), 144 a ‘ Service, leaving a without notice (Sim v. Goss), 420

Lawns, renewing, 80, 366 ; turf for, 138

Leaves, how to dry, 24

Lebanon and its Cedars, 56, 200

Leeks, 255, 530; cottagers’, 581

Lentils, where to be bought, 552

Lettuce, Cabbage, Early Paris, 582 ;

Stanstead Park, 582; how to pack, 47; Wheeler’s Tom Thumb, 532

Leucophyta Brownil, indoors, 246 Libertias, select, 584

Libonia floriounda, 454

Light, growth without, 135; influence

of, on Grapes, 412; on the-colour of flowers 448 on plants in high lati-

tudes, 584; instrument for measuring, 123

Ligustrum japonicum robustum, 170

Lilacs, forcing, 327; hedges, 318; in pots, 376 ; proning the, desirable, 400 ; white, new large-tlowered, 535

Lilas alba grandiflora, 535

Lilies of the Valley, forcing, 248 ; home- grown, for forcing, 470

Lilies, culture of, 547, 573; disease among, 8; Great Si. Bruno’s, 12, 540; in pots, 152, 183, 319 ; Japan, 290; rare 584

Lily, the crimson-anthered, 204

Lihum giganteum in Scotland, 8 ; trans- planting, 608; longiflorum, 579; ne- palense, 77 ; polyphyllum, 218; Szo- Vitsianum, 204; Thompsonianum, 608; auratum at Weybridge, 61

Lime in the garden, 190

Linaria Cymbalaria in the window, 5606

Linum trigynum, 320

Litchi, Chinese, 61

Lithospermum scandens under glass,245

Livingstone’s Last Journeys, 242

Loam, storing, 486

Loasa hispida, 80

Lobelia coerulea albo-marmorata, 607

Locusts, growth of Vilfa vaginsfolia after, 310; in Spain, 374

London, a plea for trees in, 492; com- mons, 584; parks, 684; trees in, 75

London Pride as an edging, 96

Lonicera fragrantissima, 179; semper- virens, 566

Lucerometer, 123

Lungwort, the Virginian, 488

Lycopodium denticulatum indoors, 283

Mackaya bella, 163

Magnolias, hardy, 548; conspicua, 328 ; Soulangeana, 415

Mahonias, pinnate-leaved, 17

Maize, best varieties of, 188

Malus floribunda, 422

Manchester Horticultural Society, 553

Manetti, spring-pruning on the, 286

Manley Hall Gardeas, 588; Rhododen- drons at, 563

Manure, a new, 370; ashes as, 190 farmyard, 22; liquid, in gardens, 549; Spent Hops as, 190; soot as, 22; su- perphosphate of lime as, 190

Marantas, culture of, 206, 574; Massen- giana, 606

Marker, garden, a handy, 391

Market gardening, 38

Market gardens, acreage of, in Great Britain, 300

Masdeyallia Davisi, 47, 75, 606; Ephip- pium, 60; Kstrade, 579; Harryana, 491; ignea, 491; Veitchi, 491

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, schedule of prizes of, 280

May, garden vegetation in, 566; floral decorations for, 455

Mealy bug, clearing Vines of, 113; remedy tor, 236

Measurement, standard, 178

Measuring instrument, a new, 157

Meconopsis cambrica, 566

Melianthus major, 457

Melon, Austen's Incomparable, 182: culture, 494; Gilbert’s Victory of Bath, 183, 196; in Murcia, 182; from May to November, 91; splitting, 605 ; beds, Mushrooms in, 213

Menyanthes trifoliata, 137

Mesembryanthemum truncatellum, 96

Mespilus, the Showy, 256

Microlepia anthriscifolia, 559

Mignonette, Victoria, 304

Mimulus moschatus Harrisoni, 559; hybrid, 512 ; Clapham’s strain of, 543

Mint, forcing, 22

Mirror-globes in gardens, 448

Mistletoe, the American, 600

Mixture, a graceful, 543

Monkey Fruit tree, the, 119

Monopyle racemosa, 583

Moon-creeper, the, 24

Moon, old-time notion respecting, 158 and the Weather, 216

Mormodes luxatum eburneum, 607

Moss for protecting herbaceous plants, 30; bedding in, 272; Dovedale, 490

Mousetrap for garden, the best, 490, 535

Moutans, the best, 197

Mulchings, materials for, 12; summer advantage of, 514

Muscari, varieties of, 327

Mushroom culture in cellars, 551

Mushrooms in Melon-beds, 213; insaw- dust, 22, 48; ona brick wall, 429, 463 ; on the walls of turf-pits, 520

Mustard, 184 a 4

Myosotis dissitiflora, indoors, 115; in pots, 300 ; Imperatrice Elizabeth, 166 ; rupicola, 499 ; sylvatica, 443

Myrsiphyllum from seed, 343

Mysore, gardening in, 48

Vill

THE GARDEN INDEX.

(SUPPLEMENT, JULY 15, 187

Nails, how to prevent rusting, 500

Names, the question of, 360; of plants, 491; of varieties, Latin, 531

Narcissus, select, 443; bicolor, 358; Empress, 358 ; heminalis, 258; Horse- fieldi, 328, 358; maximus at Dublin, 258; monophyllus, 236, 259; White- hooped Petticoat, 259

Nasturtiums, my, 571

Natal fruits, 166; vegetables, 166

Nectarines, culture of, 62; forcing, 221; red spots and cracking in, 664; Byron, 246; Ld. Napier, 246; Humboldt, 246

Neil Prize, the, 208

Nemophila, culture of, 232; insignis for hanging baskets, 272

Nertera depressa, 422

Net protections for fruit, 429 ; for yege- tables, 429

Nettle, the, as a vegetable, 300

New Guinea plants, 311; gardens in, 540

Newspaper-writers, advice to, 9

Newspaper protection against frost, 15

Nicot ana Tabacum (var, fruticosa), 165

Nightshades, 137

Niphobolus Heteractis, 419

Normandy Pippins, 420

Norway, floral effects in, 358; window plants in, 375

Nova Scotia, Ribston Pippin in, 500

Nursery grounds, acreage of,in Great Britain, 300

Nurserymen, congress of, 315

Nuts and Nut culture, 40; American Hazel, 167; prices of, 52; purple- leaved, 152, 176; Sapucaya, 51

Nuttallia cerasiformis, 79, 328

Nymphzea dentata, 178; stellata, 178

Oo. Oak, Anderson’s, 200; an ancient, 436; the Hungarian, 83; live, sea-shore, 48, 56; the Major, at Thoresby Park,

492; growing where Sown, 28 OxrtuaRy :—

Barillet, M., the late, 323 Headly, Mr. Richard, 420 Houtte, M. Louis Van, 464 Jamin, Jean-Laurent, M., 120 Kingsley, Henry, 512 Le Roy, M. André, 256 Mumby, Mr. Giles, 420 St. John, the Rey. Geo. Wm., 569

Ochra, the, as a fibre, 147

Odentoglossum Chestertoni, 277, 324; cirrhosum, 348, 376, 401; great rosy- flowered, 577; Insleayi leopardinum, 464; roseum, 376; tripudians, 639; vex- illarium, 468, 554, 577, 595; a new, 328

Odontoglossums, the Miltonia-like, 537

Ginothera sinuata, 79

Oil Trees, Chinese, in Europe, 190

(0) | eander, grafting Periwinkles on, 116

Olives in the south of Ireland, 117

Omphalodes Lucilie, 443

Onions @ cure for sleeplessness, 315 3 ab Chiswick, 20; autumn-sown, 211 5 cultivation of, 211, 546 3 experiments with, 75; method of fastening in light soils, 332

Onion-fly, the, 81

Ophiopogon japonicus as an edging, 32

Oranges, Citrus trifoliata a stock for, 340; home-grown, 125 3 profits of growing, 500; Malta Blood, seedless, 283 ; the myrtle-leaved, 26 ; the Yube, 491; when fit to gather, 52, 92

Orange-blossoms, weight of, in per- fumery, 165

Orange trees in the Open air, 137

Orchards, acreage of, in Great Britain, 300 ; in the valley of the Thames, 328 ; manuring, 444; planting, 128; reno- vating, 183 ; country, 300; houses, 62, 456; fruit trees in, 539; culture, notes on, 203

Orchids, 207, 395, 455, 488, 533, 574, 599, 507; a new pot for, 593; at Ferniehurst, 516; at Kew, 123, 400; at Stamford Hill, 653; at Victoria Nursery, 115; baskets v. pots, 398; early-flowering, 278 ; epiphytal, potting, 424; cul- ture of, 411, 478, 503 3; ground, 441 ; hardy, 470; greenhouse, 470; in bloom, 238, 376; in London, 218; in Covent Garden, 4; Messrs. Veitch’s, 26; newly imported, 489; notes on, by a tea planter, 149; shading, 373; select, 510, 512; treatment of, 559; warm-house, effect of fog on, 123; houses, ventilation of, 578

Orchis, Bee, 396

Osmunda palustris, 512

Ornithidium coccineum, 258

Orobus cyaneus, 378, 407

Osiers for boggy land, 364

Oxalis arenaria, 47 3 Deppei, 234; notes

on, 194; rosea alba, 60; H Valdiviana, 234.7 “0? "OBES, 284;

Oxydendrum, 436 Ozone and plants, 200

Packing Lettuce, 47

Peonia Whitleyi, 516

Paint Root, effects of, on pigs, 276

Painting glasshouses, 13, 83

Palm, fungus on, 56

Palm-leaf baths, 479 ; water baskets, 479

Palm, the hardy, in flower, 666; dwarf Fan, for house decoration, 340; in Angola, 177

Pampas Grass at Longleat, 76

Pan, Ware’s Shelter, 377

Panama Hat Plant, the, 423

Pancratium rotatum, 654

Pandanadg, 410

Pansies, bedding, trial of, at Chiswick, 418; blooming in water all the winter, 462; hybrid, at Eglinton Castle, 540 ; from seed, 150; show, properties of, 335; the best, 334; double, Lord Waveney, 549

Papaver arenarium, 79; umbrosum, 79, 543

Paradise of Flowers, 3

Paradise stock, the French, 222, 351

Paris, estimate of rain in, 400

Park for Birmingham, another new, 684

Parks, London, 584; public, 294 -

Parocheetus communis, 376

Parsley all the year round, 331

Parsnios, Cow, 499; the Great Cow, culture of, 249, 546

Pasque-flower, the, in bloom, 335

Passiflora, culture of, 265: treatment of, 502 ; pectinifera, 80; princeps, 340

Passion- flowers, 504, 554

Paullinia thalictrifolia, 256

Paulownia imperialis, 555

Pavia californica, 371; macrostachys,280

Peach, Alexander, 599; culture near the Sea, 522; Early Beatrice, 348, 422; June budding of the, 583; the dwarf Aubinel, 327; the Purple-leayed, 318 5 the Wilder, 444

Peach leaves, blister on, 576; spot in, 510

Peach trees, gumming in, 496; spur- pruned, 151; roots, suckers on, 148

Peaches, 62, 501; ants injurious to, 576 ; hardy, 550; forcing, 221; Belgian, in Covent Garden, 403 ; preparing for forcing, 10

Pear, Beurré Sterckman’s, 222; Haster Beurré the best late, 328: Dana’s Hovey, 400; Joséphine de Malines, 15; ripening, 236, 262, 347; late, 292; Ne Plus Meuris. 75; Souvenir du Con- gress, 347, 372; the Japan, on walls, 318; the Lawrence, 182; Christmas, 14, 40; cracked, 127; dwarf, pruning, 246; few and good, 92; Hacon’s In- comparable, 383; in Leicestershire, 16; on Apple stocks, 351, 383, 404; prices of, 52; quality of, 256; select, 152; Christmas, 40

Pear tree, a continuous-bearing, 262; renovating old, 219

Peas and mice, 255; early, 11, 184, 332, 539, 582, 587; culture of, 71; Laxton’s Standard, 70; on hot sandy soils, 213 ; sowing, 36

Peat, 52

Pecan tree, the, 392

Pelargonium, Bridesmaid, 606 ; Charm- ing, 606; grandiflorum var. Queen of Stripes, 440; var. Gipsy, 464: H. P. Ryder, 606; Happy Thought, 306; hybrid, Ivy-leaf, Gem, 559; inquinans, 467; Madame Vaucher for cutting, 388 ; Mrs. J. C. Quennell, 607; oblon- gatum, 351; Purity, 606; Sappho, 606; Silver Tricolor Empress of India, 536 ; Wallace, 606 ; winter treatment of, 10; Zonale, var. Vanessa, 396 ; Exquisite, 510, 512; John Jenner Weir, 510, 512 : Marmion, 512 ; Purité, 510: Wonder- ful, 352, 535 ; in greenhouse, 153 ; for winter decoration, 33; in winter, 24; culture of, 67, 225, 345, 407, 477, 502; as basket plants, 5; bedding, tried at Chiswick, 453; fancy, grafted, 595; grown on turves, 461; new Ivy- leaved, 510; select, 607

Pellza, Ornithopus, 535

Pentstemon Clevelandi, 79 ; Crimson- bedder, 406 ; puniceus, 79

Peonies, tree, the best, 197; other, 543

Perennials, 66

Perennials v. weeds, 225

Pernettya Pentlandi, 118

Perthshire, Picea Cephalonica in, 216; Wellingtonia in, 218

Periwinkles, grafting on Oleander, 116

Peruvian Trumpet, the, planted out,244,; in pots, 244

Petrza, climbing, 578; volubilis, 578

Pescatoria cerina, 71; Dayana, var. Rhodacea, 191

Petroleum consumers, caution to, 72; v. garden destroyers, 315

Petunias, culture of, 367, 573

Phalenopsids, effect of fog on, 123; various, 170, 312; from seed, 35

Phalenopsis intermedia Brymeriana, 354; Lowei, 312; Manni, 300, 398; Portei, 258; Schilleriana, 218, 238, 528; the Beaked, 312; Veitchi, 238, 258, 277

Philadelphus laxus, 588

Phlox Drummondi grandiflora splen- dens, 80; reptans, 378; spring, 378

Phloxes,Alpine, seedling, 491; diseased, 498, 515; herbaceous, origin of our best, 334; the best, 165

Phoradendron florescens, 600

Phylloxera Commission, report of, 258, 539; destroying by flooding, 123; in London gardens, 573 ; only attacks the Vine, 583; remedies for, 484

Phyllanthus roseus pictus, 396, 611

Phyllocactus Ackermanni, 549

Physianthus albens, 24°

Physalis peruviana, 644

Phyteumus, the, 24

Piccadilly, Plane trees in, 59

Picea cephalonica in Perthshire, 216; Parsonsiana, 72

Picotees, select, 176; from seed, 150

“Picturesque and beautiful,” the, 299

Picturesque Europe, 230

Pimientos dulcis, 99

Pine-apple, Black Prince, 292 ; Cayenne, smooth-leaved, 26,372; Prince Albert, 144; seedling, 123; St. Michael’, 376, 404; the best winter, 371; the King, 39; Twin, 14; white scale on, 204

Pine beetles destroy Spruce, 483

Pine, the Chili, in the Isle of Wight, 555 ; the Huon, 216

Pine trees, influence of, on tempe- rature, 119; Umbrella, height of, 123; Weymouth, large, 120; in Wilts, 168

Pinus Orobus, 120, 168

Pipes, small connecting, heating by, 118

Piptanthus nepalensis, 600

Pink, Lord Lyon, 566 ; Wadson’s White, 304

Pinks, forced, 376 ; for forcing, 399 ; new way of striking, 200; striking in water, 543; wild Austrian, 476 :

Pinguicula alpina, 510

Pits and frames, 501

Plane trees in Germany, 278; in Picca- dilly, 59

Plant-cases, heating, 23, 54

Plant collecting in Corsica, 193; in the Tyrol, 406, 488; exchanges, 490; houses, 60; names, ill-spelt, 191; poisoning, 19; protector, hair a, 164; remedies for tape-worm, 315; stand, an effective, 145; specific against hydrophobia, 531; table, graceful, 579

Planting hedges, 36; law for the encou- Tagement of, 555; orchards, 128; thick, evils of, 364

Plantations, fencing, 316; thinning, 369

Plants, Alpine, 207; sowing seeds of, 240; and ozone, 200; basket, 394; bedding, 205, 217, 288, 343, 393, 408 ; spring, for propagating, 25, 54; Chry- santhemums as, 460; in Moss, 272, boiler-water beneficial to, 283, 388, 403; carpet, Mossy Saxifrages as, 378 ; carnivorous, 72; De Candolle on the, 544; climbing, British berry-bearing, 137 ; conservatory, 394; cold v. tepid water for, 170; early-flowering, 175; effect of gas tar on, 283; eyils arising to from tar, 388; exhibition, sale of, 419; flowering and fine-foliaged, 558, 559 ; fine-foliaged, select, 487; for the sub-tropical garden, 208; for the wild garden, 240; greenhouse, 224, 289, 372, 393, 536, 607; select, 511, 512; in late Vineries, 318 ; for spring gardens, selecting, 459; growth of, affected by latitude, 196 ; hard-wooded, 224; her- baceous, sowing seeds of, 240; hardy, early-flowering in the north, 335; best early-flowering, 238, 241; protecting from slugs, 461; hardy, 536; how to dry, 515 ; in bloom in December, 178 ; at Hyéres, 198; indoor, 205, 223; ice- watering, 236; potting, 138; in high latitudes, influence of light on, 584; in rooms, 139; ‘‘Insectivorous,”? Dar- win’s, 216; miscellaneous, 278, 324, 348, 372, 420, 440, 511, 512, 558, 559, 607, 608 ; natural habit of, v. trained, 504; new, 27, 351, 536, 539; New Guinea, 311 ; new and rare, 558; new, at Brussels Flower Show, 440; of the New York Horticultural Association, 419; pillar, 394; potting, 171; sensa- tion in, 192; stove, 205, 249, 344, 372, 477, 582, 5386, 573, 598; in winter, 310; winter-flowering, 393; select, 511, 512; sub-tropical, culture of, 368; and geometrical gardens, 474; table, Select, 487; taking impressions of, in colour, 583; thawing, 506; used in perfuming Tea, 210; vase, and vases, 232 ; window, in Norway, 375; winter- blooming, 533

Plates, coloured, preservation of, 112

Etumbeeo capensis, 148, 190, 366 ; rosea,

Plum, double-flowered Chinese, 192 Gage, 226 <

Podocytisus caramanicus, 480

Polemonium cceruleum, 516 ary

Poinsettia pulcherrima, 184; plenissima, 288 ; culture of, 409; asa table plant, 74; new double, 288, 354

Poisoning by plants, 19; air in London, 328

Polyanthuses from seed, 150, 476; Golden Prince, 352; history and cul- ture of, 5; in the greenhouse, 272 ; laced, at flower shows, 352; select, 372

Polygonum, a gigantic, 563; cuspida- tum as an edible plant, 400; cuspida- tam compactum, 9

Poly st'\cham lepidocimlon, 437

Pomological literature, 64 "

Pomological Society, the American, 491

Pond weeds, 234

Poplar, new Golden-leaved, 59

Poppy, a new, 543; the Welsh, in the wild garden, 566 ; double-flowered, 197

Populus canadensis aurea, 59

Potato, Alpha, quick raising of, 268; Cattell’s Eclipse, 96; competition, Lord Cathcart’s, 42 ; crops, prize, 144; culture insmall gardens, 189; imple- ments for, 518; disease, advice upon, 148 ; disease, Mr. Carruthers’ report ou, 69, 116; fungus rest-spores, 68; Model, 418; New American Ruby, 213; planting, 36 ; planting early v. disease, 249; seed-rack, 155; Show, 170; at Birmingham, 418 ; the American com- petition, 147 ; Vermont Beauty, 429 ; White Emperor, 213, 224; American degenerating, 124, 163; by express, 355; early market garden, 163; for exhibilion, 163; from 1 lb. of seed, 117 ; imported, value of, 99; keeping, for late use, 332; new, in succession, 429; in winter, 463; raised quickly from seed, 278; seedling v. the disease, 417 ; sprouting, 11; the best Harly Kidney, 584; to prevent sprouting, 70; weight of, from 1 lb. of seed in America, 144; beetle, a remedy for, wanted, 549

Pot-saucer, Denning’s, 403

Pot-drainer, worm-proof, 74

Pot for Orchids, a new, 693 $

Pots, porous glazed for Strawberries,584

Potting-houses v. potting-sheds, 245

Portland Place, trees for, 120

Portulacas, celf-sown, 377 iy

Primrose, a mis-named, 163, 175; blooms, destruction of, 378, 407, 440; (Chinese) Princess Louise, 68 ; Purity, 358; wild, a double, 488 y

Primroses at Bedfont, 196; Bavarian, classification of, 590; delicate, shelter for, 335; double, in the London mar- ket, 328; fancy, 326; crossing, 421; spring-sown, 136; the, 101, 122

Primula acanlis umbellifera, 396; altaica, 282; altaica v. P. vulgaris grandiflora, 194; Chinese, cut flowers of, 469; ciliata purpurea, 420; cortu- soides, 176; c. amcena for night deco- ration, 375; c. a. laciniata, 440; c. maxima, 487 ; denticulata, 236 ; double Chinese, culture of the, 492; Golden Queen, 449; Nelsoni, 352; sinensis for seed, culture of, 472; verticulata, 588; vulgaris grandiflora, 165

Primulas, 216, 250, 367; Chinese, 67; from seed, 150; time of sowing, 320

Pritchardia grandis, 487 ; filifera, 469

Proteinophallus Rivieri, 71

Propsgation, bandage, 583

Protections for wall trees, 358

Protector, a disagreeable, 496

Privet, Japanese, 140, 170

Pruning, early v. late, 192; evergreens, notes on, 397; spring, Roses on the Manetti, 286; standard Roses, 259; the Lilac desirable, 400; Vines, the spur system of, 404

Psidium Cattleyanum, 183

Pteris scaberula, 321; lineata, 321 ie

Pulmonaria virginica,

Pyrenees, Alpine flowers on the, 591

Pyrethrum aureum laciniatum, 440, 487, 692; Tchihatchewi, 259

Pyracantha, whites benmied, 256

Pyrola secunda,

Ee aoeteea ignea, a well-bloomed, 352

Q. uercus Andersoni, 200; conferta, 83 ounces Chinese, flowers of the, 390; Rea’s Mammoth, 16 Quisqualis sinensis, 583 R. Rabbit-guard, cork as a, 490

Radishes, 36, 184; good and bad, 520 Raffia, 312

cretica. albo-

Rain, estimate of weight in Paris, 400 Ramanas Rose, 540 ‘ f 2 Ranunculus, the 31; amplexicaulis, 71‘

SUPPLEMENT, JULY 16, 1876.]

THE GARDEN INDEX.

eS SSS50—0—WV“(_sSa“——_«—o«ooSW“»«<—nw{[w«wrr[vW[—'V'_+

speciosus, 443; Turban, 491; plant- ing, 218; select, 566

Raphiolepis, the fenus, 596

Raspberry-beds, duration of, 181

Raspberries and their culture, 623 ; autumn, 113, 128; growth of, 219; from root-cuttings, 15

Red lead, protection against birds, 23

Redwood trees, colossal, 390; for cop- pices, 364

“ Reminiscences of Fen and Mere,”’ 386

Rheum officinale, 376, 461, 490; as a decorative plant, 403 ; nobile, 47; pal- matum, as a fine-foliaged plant, 260

Rhodanthe in the greenhouse, 190; Manglesii, 367

Rhododendron argenteum, 160, 195; Californian, 540; caucasicam, 371; Countess of Haddington, 376; Duke of Edinburgh, 512, 570; Princess of Wales, 324, 348; Princess Frederica, 606: P. George, 608; P. Leopold, 606; Queen Victoria, 511; a new race of, 640; at Manley Hall, 663; from seed, raising, 636; select, 191; suitable soil for, 304; the best time for moying, 83

Rhopala pubescens, 606

Rhubarb, 224; and Apple tarts, 463; at Christmas, 348; culture, 467; Offici- nal, 376, 461; Officinal asa decorative plant, 406; the true, in England, 552 ; medicinal, sources of, 168

Ribbon border, a, early in June, 592

Ribes speciosum, 586

Richardia wthiopica, 411

eaans Gibsoni, 75 ; select varieties of,

Riviera, a garden in February at, 262

Rivina humilis, 410

Robinia hispida, 483 ; pseud-Acacia, 36

Rocket, the Double Yellow, 591

Rock-work, the, at Westminster Aqua- rium, 123; in conservatories, 5; v. root-work, 23, 32

Reehmeria nivea, 518

Roman Hyacinths, 35

Rondeletia speciosa, 598

Roof-tree at Knebworth, 114

Rooks and rookeries, 396

Rookeries in wrong places, 491

Root-cap, the, 386

Roots, grafting on, 385

Root, dryness at the, in winter, 117

Root-grafting seedling Briers, 403

Roots, growth of, 131

Root-suckers, 148

Root-work, 77 ; v. rock-work, 23, 32

Rosa rugosa, 26 ; a continuous bloomer, 465; alba, 540

Rose, Oaptain Christy, 77; Catherine Bell, 266; the Giant, 137 ; Comtessa de Sereuyi, 324; cuttings, transplant- ing, 165; Duchesse de Vallambrosa, 324; Duke of Connaught (Hybrid Per-

etual), 419, 440, 543; J. B. M. Camm H. P.), 487 ; Jean Ducher (Tea), 487 ;

John Stuart Mill (H. P.), 487; Magna Charta (H. P.), 512; of Japan (Rama- nas), 452; from root cuttings, 4)7; a continuous bloomer, 465; Princess Lonise, 192; Sultan of Zanzibar, 156; Duchess of Edinburgh (Tea), 69; Madame Francois Jamin (Tea), 324 ; lore, 461; pot, a specimen, 554; sweet is the, 306; varieties of scent in the, 123

Roses, 61, 224, 439, 534, 599 ; Cheshunt Seedling, 156; seeding of, 67, 476; new, 73; climbing, and their uses, 692; Cloth of Gold, 4; cut, staging, $77; forcing, 126, 139; forced, 278; from cuttings, 260, 306; groups of, in Lycopodium, 352; in Dorset, 486; inthe suburbs, 241 ; in pots, 291, 456, 597; for the London markets, 593 ; at Aquarium, 468 ; select, 511, 512; in spring, 8; Moss, select, 499 ; for mar- ket, 690; on Briers and on their own roots, 377 ; on the Seedling Brier, 32 ; outdoor, 322; out-of-doors in Hants, 48; prizes for, 168; select, 420, 487; spring pruning on the Manetti, 286; standard, spring-pruning, 259; on the Brier, age of, 334; against, 335; Tea, near London, 375; grafting, 442; varieties, of named, &c., 358

Rose trees, a bank of, 406

Royal Agri. Soc, of England, 572

Royal Bot. Soc., 324, 419, 511, 588, 606

Royal Hort. Soc., 192, 216, 236, 277, 299, 396, 488, 559, 608 ; anniversary of, 146; history of, 141 ; prizes for 1876, 99

Rubus australis, hardy, 364; deliciosus, 79, 617, 584; Roezli, 71; spectabilis, 586

Rush carpets, 312

Ss.

Saccolabium Hendersonianum, 351 Saffron in Greece, 260

Sages, the varieties of, 430

Salix alba, 450

Salpiglossis, varieties of, 241

Salvia Boliviensis verticillata, 64; car- duacea, 79; Pine-apple, 442; san- guinea grandiflora, 80; splendens in autumn, 257

Salvias, the varieties of, 387, 430

Sanchezia nobilis, 574

San Francisco, vegetables market gardens in, 520

Sanseviera cylindrica, 387

Saponaria Ocymoides, 9

Sarracenia Williamsi, 535

Sash-lines for greenhouses, best mate- rial for, 311 :

Sawdust, Mushrooms in, 48

Saxifraga Burseriana, 67, 170; crassi- folia at Dublin, 258; mossy, 490; peltata, 476; purpurascens, 376 ; Stracheyi, 377; the, 686; bulb-beds carpeted with, 399; broad-leaved, at Kew,123 ; Mossy, as carpet plants, 378, 467; hardy bulbs dotted through, 362

Sea-coast, planting trees on, 227, 316

Scale, white, on Pine-applea, 204

Scarlet Runners, the, 48

Schizostylis, 455 ; coccinea, 24

Science Primers (Botany), 356

Scilla nataleasis, 283

Scillas in the wild garden, 305; in bor- ders, 305; natans violacea, 468

Scotland, seed and nursery association in, 328; New Zealand Flax in flower in, 467

Screens in parks and gardens, 59

Scutellaria mocciniana, 410 ; macrantha, 423, 483

Seaforthia elegans, 170

Seagulls in the garden, 572

Seakale, culture of, 224, 330 ; Christmas, 348 ; torced, 463

Sea-shore, live Oak, 48, 56

Season, past, peculiarities of the, 572

Sedum villosum, 9; pulchellum, 434

Seed and nursery trade in Scotland, 328; bed, a large, 230; culture of Primula sinensis for, 472; growing Calceolarias for, 398 ; raising Glox- inias from, 505; large v. small, 28; Phalnopsis from, 35 ; Potatoes raised quickly from, 278; raising Poly- anthuses from, 476; in the dark, 235; Crocuses from, 258; Rhododendrons from, 535; sowing, 416; in wet sea- sons, 467; Four Seasons Strawberry from, 550

Seed and galls, jumping, 386; and seed raising, 283; Conifers, number of, in 1lb., 371; experiments with, 268; large, the best, 163, 183, 237 ; of Alpine plants, sowing, 240; ot herbaceous plants, sowing, 240 ; quickening the germination of, 255; self-covered, 355 ; superiority of large, 124; vegetables, germination of, 582; vitality of, 13

Seeding of Christmas Roses, 566

Seedlings, want of chlorophyl in, 116

Senecio (Kleinia) chordifolia, 191; pulcher, 572, 591

Sequoia sempervirens, 390

Sericographis Ghiesbreghti, 409

Sewage, house, 347, 355; in garden, 3/7

Serpentine, water-line ot the, 4

Shading, importance of, 12

Shallots, a new way with, 332; folk, 47

Shamrock Pea, 376

Strelitzia regine, 54

Shrubberies, Ivy tree in, 8

Shrubs blooming, relative order of, 443 ; hardy, forcing branches of, 246; in bloom, 400; transplanting, 13)

Silene pendula compacta, 583; sapo- naria, 80

Sisyrinchium Douglasi, 245; grandi- florum, 234

Sleeplessness, Onions a cure for, 315

Slugs, 347; in the flower garden, 335; protecting hardy plants from, 461

Smilax, the, as a window plant, 119; medica, 467 ; Shuttleworthi, 606

Snails, how to destroy, 118

Snow, forming flower-beds in, 135

Snowdrop, a new, 305

Snowdrop tree in bloom, 468

Snowdrops, 175

Soils, classification of, 255

Solanum capsicastrum, 153; pseudo- capsicum, 153; pseudo-capsicum variegatum, 248

Solanums, culture of, 320, 366, 411; berry-bearing, 245

Selomon’s Seal as a pot plant, 387

Soot as manure, 22

Sophora japonica, the Weeping, 600

Sorrel or Sour Wood Tree, 436

Southampton, tree-planting at, 318

Southport, Botanic Garden at, 400

Spain, locusts in, 374

Span-roofed houses v. walls, 383, 403

Spartium janc2um, 119

Spinach, New Zealand, 331; winter, failure of, 22

in, 190;

in Suf-

292

22;

Spindle trees, 213

Spirea palmata in Covent Garden, 400 ; japonica, 516; Thunbergiana, 539; (Hoteia) japonica, 477

Spirzeas, culture of, 455

Spirits of wine (camphorated) v. mealy bug, 236

Spring contrast, a pretty, 407; garden- ing, 233; Roses in, 8

Spruce, Alcock’s, 364; the Black, 480; destruction of by Pine beetles, 433; Mistletoe, the, 482; the Hemlock, in England, 600

Sprucas, select, 318

Spurge Laurels for undergrowth, 236

Spurges, the herbaceous, in bloom, 488

Squash, the Turban, 418

Squashes, American, 75; not Gourds, 47

Squills, Siberian, 4

Standish portrait, the, 563

Stapelia olivacea, 351

Staphylea colchica, 71

Statices, hardy, 125; tender, 125

Stauntonia latifolia in Wiltshire, 32

Stem-bleeding in Conifers, cause of, 556

Stephen’s Green, Dublin, 170

Stigmaphyllum ciliatum, 291

Stipa pennata, 199

Stocks, 64

Stove plants, flowering, 34

Strawberry, a durable, 383; Colonel Cheney, 300; culture, M. Gloede on, 601; Garibaldi, 443 ; La Grosse Sucrée, 292, 684; Land, a, 584; the Four Seasons, from seed, 550; scarlet, 588

Strawberries, 86 ; double-sided pots for, 605; early, 588; forcing, 261; hard rusty, 539, 576 ; hardness in, 604 ; late, in pots, 262; mulching, 15; porous glazed pots for, 584; ruston, 583, 604

Struthiopteris germanica, 238. 321

Succulents at Regent’s Park and in flower, 506

Suffolk, Shallots in, 47

Sundews, 543

Sun-dial, Pitman’s, 186

Superphosphate of lime, 190

Surface-stirrings, deep, 581

Sweetbrier, in pots, 443

Sweet Peas for the greenhouse, 282; in pots, 588

Sweets, 327

Sylva, the North American, 483

Syringodea pulchella, 353

ils

Table decoration, 53; Angctochilus for, 193; Asparagus for, 116; Gesnera cinnabarina for, 99

Table plant, Poinsettia, as a, 74

Tabernezmontana at Bangalore, 56

Tacsonias, treatment of, 265, 502

Talinum Arnotii, 351

Tamarisk, the, 196

Tamarix plumosa, 193

Tan for blanching Celery, 46

Tapeworm, olants remedies for, 315

Tar, coal, effect of, on plants, 383; gas, effect of, on plants, 283

Tea plants, 435; used in perfuming, 210; varieties of, 168

Temperature, influence of Pine trees on, 119; January, 174; low, germination in a, 190

Tents, exhibition, lighting of, 549

Tew Park, The Grove at, 585

Thea Bohea, 435; viridis, 435

Thermometers, deranged, 4

Thibandia Hendersoni, 71

Thiers a gardener, 120

Thistle, ways of destroying, 582

Thorn, white Evergreen, 19

Thrift, as a window plant, 606

Thuja elegantissima, 655

Thunbergia Hurrissi, 116

Thyme, Golden, 236; variegated, 72

Thyrsacanthus rutilans, 354

Timber and rights of life tenants, 23 ; value of, in the Highlands, 390; how to stack, 555

Tipula oleracea, 530

Toadflax, the Common, as a window planr, 506

Tobacco, Latakia, source of, 544

Tomato leaves and aphides, 292; Tro- phy, 582; culture of, 257, 288

Tool-room, the, 274

Top-dressing fruit trees, 127

Town gardening, 52

Transplanting deciduous trees in full leaf, 325 ; Deodars in May, 436; Hol- lies in May, 436; large trees in sum- mer, 200; Lilium giganteum, 6.8; root care in, 434; shrubs, best time for, 130; trees, best time for, 49, 130 ; new lighsion, 364, 389 ; vegetables, 687

Trees, calculating age of, 124, 162; end of a celebrated American, 364; foliage brilliant, 390; growth, slow, 364; planting, 256; planting in streets,

mistakes in, 30; on the sea-coast, notes on, 316; at Southampton, 318 ;

Suggestions on, 323 ; pictures in Ken sington Gardens, 515 ; protector, 375; roots choking drains, 452; roots, effect of gas on, 179; stocks, fruit, rotation of, 248; stumps, how to get rid of, 327; in bloom in London parks, 491; covering for wounds in, 492; plea for in London, 492 ; and Ivy, 50, 75; and plants, Australian, growth of, in Arran, 491; and shrubs, 227, 230, 369, 456, 503 ; for exposed situations, 350; and shrubs, new, at the Chateau de Segrez, 555; curious effect of frost on, 162, 200; decay of, in Kensington Gardens, 70; deciduous, transplant; ing in full leaf, 325; domestic, 28; Evergreens under, 230; forest, 155; for Portland Place, 120; forest, growth of in New England, 570; fossil, Scotch, 390; fruit, on gable ends, 292; in orchards, food for, 495; in Trafalgar Square, suggestion for, 555; large, transplanting, in summer, 200 ; man- ner of electricity splitting, 315; over- crowding of, in London parks, 570; planting, in summer, 49; shade, in Washington, 492; dead, climbers on, 474 ; Ivy on, 229 ; in Whitechapel, 124 ; teh on great mountain ranges, 600 ; street, 435, 452 ; submergence of, 167 ; to prevent bleeding of, 131; town, 148 ; transplanting, 130; new light on, 364, 389; tropical, during the dry season, 390; varieties of, for London, 663; labels, 204; protections for, 358

Trichomanes Bancrofti, 487

Trilliums, new and rare, 476

Tropeolum polyphyllum, 334

Truffle, hunting and planting for, 556 English, 429 ; dogs trained for, 417

Tuberose culture, 83

Tulip, species of, 77; sale, the late Mr. R. Headly’s, 488

Tulipa Hichleri, 47

Tulips, a few species of, 474; select, 278; varieties of, in bloom, 324

Turnip, Cattell’s Silver Ball, 278

Turf-pits, Mushrooms on the walls, 520

Tussilagofragrans, 99 ; farfara through asphalte, 399

Typha a3 a fibre plant, 286

Tyrol, a botanical tour in, 391, 406, 438

Ulex hispanica, 600

Umbrella plant, the, 476 Agere wth, as, the Gladwyn, 32 Utah, Columbines in, 200

Valerian, the Greek, 516 Vapours, various, effects of on London gardens, 347 Vase, a drawing-room, 192; plants, 232 Vegetable market, new, in the City, 360 Vegetables, choice early, 4, 188 ; forcing, 62, 251, 291 ; firm root-ran for, 252; in Angola, 178; in Constantinople, 302 ; in Natal, 166; in San Francisco, 190; banks for, 255 Vegetation in Australia, 412; in January, 174; in March, 377 ; of Corsica, 514 Ventilation, Tobin’s system of, 346 Verbena venosa for seed, 242: new, 87 ; culture of, 458; as hardy annual, 174 Vermin-infested soil, dressing for, 168 , Veronica Chamzedrys pedunculata, 79 Vetch, the Blue Bitter, 378 Viburnum dilatatum, 191, 390; macro- cephalum, 491 Vilfa vagineefolia after locusts, 300 Vincas, 410 Vine, warts on the, 221; pest, the, in London gardens, 373 ; remedies for, 484; roots dead, 74; v. smoke, 550 Vines and red spider, 501; border for, 395; clearing of mealy bug, 113; grafting, 128; in inside borders, planting, 247 ; large, the best, 549 ; old, 152; phylloxera on, destroyed, 123; pot, in small gardens, 292; keeping back in ice-houses, 248; started early in autumn a disadvantage, 323, 444; for early forcing, 564; pruning, the spur system of, 383, 404, 421; root-pruning, 73; best for unheated orchard-house, 222; training on walls, 92; water abt roots of, 26; without fire-heat, 573 Vineries, 248; amateurs’, 262, 437 ground, and spur-pruning, 421; late, greenhouse plants in, 319; preparing for forcing, 10; span-roofed, position of, 128 Vintage in France, the last, 191; for 1875, 300 Vineyard, a famous, 16 Viola hybrida, Jupiter Black, 510, 512 Violas, bedding, trial of at Chiswick, 418; hybrid, at Eglinton Castle, 510 ; north and south, 564; the best, 334 Violet, culture of, 233, 335, 349; Marie

THE GARDEN INDEX.

(SUPPLEMENT, JULY 165, 1876,

Louise, 426; Prince Consort, 334; in | Paris, 196 ; in pots, 375, 580; in winter and spring, 137; new, 241

Vitex Lindeni, 539

WwW.

Wahlenborgia Kitaibelli, 47

Walks, garden, iron clinkers on, 70 ; gravel, making, 190; formation of, 234; sawdust as a foundation for, 255

Wallflower, the Harbinger, 100

Wallflowers, single, 406 ; yellow, 459

Wallasia princeps, 165

Walls, garden, size of wire for, 301; | Span-roofed houses in place of, 403; the Japan Pear on, 318

Wall tree protections, 358

Walnut, and its varieties, 361; the Pear- shaped, 392; huskless Chinese, 652; preserving, 23, 190

Warts on Vine leaves, 221

Wash for fruit trees, a good, 562

Wasps, 347

Watercress as a therapeutic, 375; v. American Water-weed, 218

; Page Anthericum Liliastrum a0 oxy ANthionema grandiflorum ... +e 108 Calochortns yenustus ... crn vee 132

Clematis Vesta ... . Columbine, the Alpine

Cox’s Orange Pippin ... Cypripedium niyeum..,

Dendrobium Boxalli ... vee ane 338 F Page African Forest,an ... 600 vee 243 Aloe, the Pearly... me see 529 Anzctochilus .., co 00 . 193 Anemone palmata .... oo «-. 520

Apple-barrel header, a mnon- patented .., onc ooo wae 484

. Apple tree, dwarf, on the Paradise stock .., ong oxo am ee. 203 Aralia elegantissima ... on ws 505 Arisema precox are ar +» 293 Arums, hardy ... on ono «. 173 Asparagus buncher ... 254

bunchers, French (G illustrations)... 580, under bottles os

2 681 681

2” on

Bamboos, hardy, in the wild garden 571

Bayham Abbey Gardens,Kent ... 129 Baobabs in Angola... tee ws 181 Begonia Freebeli as con om He Bellis rotundifolia ccerulescens ... 9 Berillet, the late, portrait of... vee 823 Black Tea plant, the ... eco vee 437 Bog Arum, the ... 704 cho «. 137 Bog Bean, the ... “xc oxo see 137 Bouquet, a pot ... oo 223

Butterfly, the lesser White Cabbage 329

Calabash, the ... ad ont . 209 Calceolaria, dwarf m0 on s. 164 Camoénsia maxima .., oo -.. 185 Carludoyica palmata and _ its

fruit 220 ane ss. 423, 425 Castor-oil Plant, the,asatree ... 469 Cauliflower growing at Erfurt ... 212 Cedars of Lebanon at home... ws 201

Celosia pyramidalis .., cc see 149 Ceratozamia mexicana 30 .-. 308 2. frnit of ... 309 Chrysanthemum, Anemone- flowered con occ 20 wee 201 Chrysanthemum incurved es 261

pyramid, trellis for 268 Standard, trellis

aw. 268 Anemone-

” 2»

”

Cineraria, dwarf Coca Plant, the..,

Water Hemlock, poisoning by, 300 Water-plants in the wild garden, 541 Waterproof garments, how to, 156 Water, striking cuttings in, 572, 593 Water-weed, American, destroying, 165 Weather, the, and the moon, 216; inthe Eastern Counties, 371; and the fruit crops, 404 Wellingtonia gigantea, 58; shire, 218; shelter for, 342 Welwitschia mirabilis, 178 Westminster Aquarium, 26, 99, 120, 123, 635 Weymouth Pine in Wilts, 168 Wheelbarrow, the Shanghai, 70

in Perth-

| Whiskey, new use for, 198

Whitechapel, trees in, 124

Wigandia latifolia, 448

Wild gardens and woodland fiowers, 457, 461

Willow, the, on the growth of, 450

Willows, flowering time of, 131; leaves, dear, 230

Windflower, Cyclamen-leaved, 499; the Scarlet, 506

Window boxes, Carnations in, 74; Daisies for, 462; plants, Euonymi as, 48; Myrsiphyllum, as a, 119

Winter, bedding Calceolarias ont of doors in, 48; Begonia insignis for, 35 ; Zonal Pelargoniums for, 33 ; gardens, 123; in greenhouses, 97; flowering, Laurustinus for, 246; Iris, new, 29; landscapes, beautifying,190; Spinach, failure of, 47; stove plants in, 310; the Virginian Cedar in, 200; Gesnera cinnabarina for, 35

Wintering Beetroot, 47

Wires on walls, mode of straining, 113;

| size of, for garden walls, 301

Wistaria grown as a bush, &c., 563; the

| White, 483

Witloof, 96 ; v. Barbe de Capucin, 238

Wood ashes, 28

Woodwork of glasshouses, preserving, 126

Woodwardia radicans, 320; cristata, 487

Wood, a new use for, 192; unripe, v. fortility, 292

Woodruff, the Sweet, 287 ; and Ivy, 592

Ete de) Sa ae Ane iO sN iS.

COLOURED PLATES.

Page Eucharis candida con oO vee BHO Gage Plum, the Transparent a. 226 Grape, Early Ascot Frontignan .., 180 Japan Iris, the .., aco aco wes 476 Lilium Szovitsianum .., one vee 204 Lily, Great St. Bruno... ase cp ib}

WOODCUTS.

Cockscomb, Pyramidal 200 Conifer, herbaceous scion of... oo. 1a Conifers, grafting (4 illustrations) 57,58 Conover’s Asparagus buncher... 254 Conservatories, rocky screensin... 5

Cornus canadensis... see eee 259 Dahlias, grafting 000 aoe vee 141 Daisy, the Turfing ... O00 se. 259 Dwarf Pear trees pruned .., vee 247 Elm at Schimsheim ... 200 sae 389 Epacris, the new double white ... 281 Euphorbias, gigantic ... aco ww. 181 Feather Grass, the... oo ooo ike) Fernery, a, in the Isle of Wight ... 65

Flowers, hardy of the week in Lon- don gardens—in all, 150illustra- tions—333, 357, 381, 405, 427, 449,

451, 473, 497, 521, 545, 565, 589

Fraxinella, the... 0. " -. | ws 175

Frontispiece, Louis Van Houtte

Fuchsia, an erect-flowering ... we 285

Galanthus Elwesi c ont Garden Marker,a handy .., Garden mouse-trap, a...

we 305 SOL 490

General Strachey’s Saxifrag: ae O77 Gleichenia dicarpa ... obo waa 447 Gooseberry, Fuchsia-flowere «.. 588

Grafting Conifers (4illustrations) 57,58 Grafting Dahlias on oo « 141 Grape-room at Heckfield, section of 261 Green Tea Plant, the ... + 435 Griffinia ornata...

Helleborus feetidus .., ne sas) 199) Hemp, Slender-leaved Bowstring... 587

Illustrations, Vick’s ... C00 «a. 211 Implements for Potato culture (8 illustrations) .. 518

Tris, the Persian ves 306

Page Magnolia Lennei “0 one a. 548 Nectarines, three new... rr see 248 Phalznopsis Lowii_ ... nin vee 312 Poinsettia, new double oe sa. 288 Ramanas (Rose of Japan) ... wee 452 Raphiolepis salicifolia m aw 596 Page Jasminum nudifloram 200 we Al Lamp for warming conservatories 531 Laurel cut back... 200 coe wee O97 Lettuce-packing “00 000 a 47 Mahonia, pinnate-leaved ... ae 10 Maize (‘‘ Sweet Corn’’), best varie- ties of ona 20d on «. 188 Major Oak, the, in Thoresby Park... 493 Mediterranean shore garden,a ... 263 Melianthus major an wae 457 Moss Rose; the Common ... 2 499 Monutan, a double-flowered ... t. 197; aa a single-flowered ... . 197 Mushrooms from milltrack spawn... 551 at on a brick wall... ws. 429 Myrsiphyllum, spraysof ... vee O48 Narcissus monophyllus... ee 209) 2 White Mountain .., vee 404 Nemophilas ... coo on we 202 Odontoglossum cirrhosum (2 illus- trations) ... ve 401

yexillarium at Gun-

uy nersbury ... 677 Onion Fly. the ... oe 8L Oxalises, the ... <c0 on wen 234 Packing cuttings forpost ... co _Y/ Pan, Ware’s Shelter ... O08 ves 379 Papaver somniferum ... oo 2 UK Podocytisus caramanicus ... «. 481 Peach tree, spur-pruned__... ww 151 Pear trees, renovating old (3 illus- trations) a noe cos -.. 219

Phalenopsids, section of a lean-to house for... "a0 coe 313 Pine Apples, Twin... con 15 Poppy, the Double Opium ... coy ity Pot for Orchids, a new oo wee 593 Pot-saucer, section of... x + 403 Potato fungus, rest-spores of ooes8 seed rack co oro wy 165

Woods, flowers for the, 253, 288; and coppices, acreage of, in Great Britain, 300; Oregon, 371

Worms in pots, how to destroy, 272

Xanthoceras sorbifolia, 268, 277; propa” gation of, 436

Xiphion Histrio, 29

Xylophylla facata, 396

Vie

Yew, the Dovaston, 341; Irish, with single stems, 371

| Yucca, an edible, 608; baccata, 608;

brevifolia, 351; greenhouse, 554

californica, 583;

Zamia intermediate, 487

Zinnia Darwinii, 80; new race of, 8

Zonal Pelargoniums for winter decora- tion, 33

: Page Robinia Pseud-Acacia vee ay) 313 Rose, Catherine Bell ... re ». 266 >» Sultanof Zanzibar ... +. 156 Salvia farinacea eee one we. 430 Tea Rose, Duchess of Edinburgh... 60 The Great Araucariaat Dropmore,,. 84 Tyerman’s Groundsel on we» 572 Page Potting House, sectionofa... ... 245 Primroses, the (31 illustrations) 101, 108 Pritchardia filifera ... ar w+ 469 Protections for young plants (6illus- trations) ... oon aay w» 416 Pyramidal Pear trees... ceo we 247 Quiballa, hilly countryin ... wee 185 Rack for Potato seed ... coo we 155 Root-graft of Wistaria an ss 38S Rosa rugosa alba, ripe fruit of ... 452 Rubus deliciosus a ec Footie Salpiglossis, hybrid ... on wee 241 Sideboard, centre-piece for a a0 GDS Sonchus elegantissimus aa a» 579 St. Bruno’s Lily, abnormal bloom Oe oso. be ecH on) ayn NL Stipa pennata ... co Me «- 199 Sweet Fennel, the, or Finnochio .., 463 Syringodea pulchella... 20 wee S08 Vegetation in Australia Ap) v. 413 View near Virginia Water nes pL Vines, French mode of training .,. 92 Walnut, the Pear-shaped (5 illustra- _ tions) .. ae BEY x and its varieties (20 il- lustrations) ... 361-368 Water Dock, the Great anc we O12 Water Lily, the Yellow eee we. 542 aD the White... wv O41 Weeping Sophora, the (summer . aspect) ... 601 5 the (winter . aspect) 600 Welvwitschia in Angola a 177 Woodruff, the Sweet ... an vee 287 Wire straining on walls ant ww 113 Xiphion Histrio.., oe a0 «. 29 Yew, the Doyaston ... én we O41

SUPPLEMENT, JULY 15, 1876.] THE G ARDEN : bes x1

M. LOUIS VAN HOUTTH.

Tue late Louis Van Hovurrn was not only a great Nurseryman and the founder of what was considered the most important establishment of its kind in Hurope; he was also an enthusiastic lover of plants for their own sake, and a man who in many ways was a benefactor to his Profession. His establishment has long been regarded as the best of its kind, not only in Belgium but also on the Continent, affording, as it did, employment for about 200 persons, and doing business not only in Europe, but also largely in North and South America, China, and Japan. Some idea of the extent of business done here may be gleaned from the fact that about 500,000 plants of Camellias alone were disposed of every year from this nursery. Remarkable among specialities were Palms, and new seedling Azaleas, fine-foliaged and Gesneraceous plants, among which were some fine hybrids. One of M. Van Hovurvn’s earliest attempts at hybridismg was crowned with success, the result being the brilliant Gladiolus gandavensis, together with some very beautiful cross-bred seedling Alstreemerias, of the beauty of which the late Doan Hurpert spoke most enthusiastically at the time; and, as is well known, many lovely varieties of Azalea mollis have been originated in his establishment. One of his latest successes in this way was the production of Bertolonia Van Houttei, one of the most beautiful of all Melastomads, and an acquisition of which he might well be proud. He energetically followed up the introdue- tion of new plants from the Tropics, and it is interesting to find that one of the most successful of all modern collectors, M. Bunepicrs Rorzt, was brought up in M. Van Hovrrs’s establishment, which was a.good school for young gardeners, being remarkable for its completeness in all departments. Not only were plants raised here and sent to all parts of the world by the thousand, not only were catalogues and descriptions of them prepared, printed, and sent out, but one of the most beautiful and useful of all serial horticultural works was edited and the coloured plates prepared under M. Van Hovrrn’s personal supervision. This work has reached its twenty-second volume, and contains 2260 plates, about the same number of woodcuts or lithographic etchings, and about 4500 articles and notes on plants and other horticultural subjects. From the original drawing to the last printing from the stone and final touching up by hand, these beautiful plates were finished in the nursery, a long corridor-like building being fitted up with tables, presses, and other eect tec use of artists and printers,

He died on the 9th of May, 1876, aged sixty-six years, and at his funeral the expression of regret at his loss was universal. The Count de Kerchove, Burgomaster of Ghent, said :—‘‘ Gentlemen—The Royal Agricultural and Botanical Society of Ghent has just rendered its last homage to one of its most illustrious members, one who has contributed more than any other to the brilliancy of its fetes and the greatness of its reputation; it has said its last farewell to that eminent horticulturist, who, thanks to his energy and scientific attainments, has founded one of the best horticultural establishments in the world. In his youth, Louts Van Hourre was an ardent lover of plants, and as a botanist, in more mature years, he made them his constant study.

He therefore eagerly accepted an offer which was made to him to go to Brazil as a collector. In this capacity

xil THE GARDEN 6 [SUFPLEMENT, JULY 15, 1876.

he paid a visit to the vast forests which border the Amazon, and later on to the verdurous solitudes of Hastern Africa. He possessed a constitution which successfully withstood the climatic vicissitudes of the Tropics, where the more important of his botanical treasures were collected. On his return to Belgium he was appointed director of the Botanical Garden at Brussels, where he found himself again among the plants which he loved so well. A botanical garden, however, did not afford him all that he desired; he still longed to dwell among those elegant Palms, those sweet-scented Orchids, and those delicate Ferns with which he had met in his foreign travels, and this at length led to his founding the fine establishment at Ghent with which his name has been so ~ long associated. It is unnecessary to advert to the influence which this nursery has had on the horti- + cultural world. As aman Van Howurre was indefatigable, sgn, Kven during his last illness he went to Brussels, in order that he might be an eye-witness of his success at that exhibition. His establishment was ever open to all who took an interest in plants and plant culture, both amateur and professional. No effort seemed too much for him, provided horticulture was benefited by it; and this leads me to direct attention to the beautiful house which he had constructed to shelter the Victoria Regia and his fine collection of Pitcher Plants and Orchids which he so much loved. Mis loss, as far as horticulture is concerned, is not, therefore, confined to Ghent; but that city, of which he was the first magistrate for many years, will miss him in other respects. Notwithstanding the high position which he attained, and the honours conferred on him, Van Hourre remained a kind-hearted and modest man, his chief pride consisting in gaining the affection of those under him. His disposition was at all times generous, and his friendship sincere. In short, while

horticulture continues to engage our attention, his name will live.”

? JANUARY | 1675.

} VOL.

THE COUNTRY PARSON IN HIS GARDEN.*: By REYNOLDS HOLE.

Tur Country Parson sometimes refresheth himself, as knowing that Nature will not bear everlasting droopings, that all men shun a perpetual Severity, and that instructions, seasoned with Pleasantness, both enter sooner and root deeper in that ground, which hath been described by the Psalmist as the Ground of the Heart; and so long as he doth remember to put bounds and hoops to his Hilarities, and to

Pick out of Mirth, like stones from out his soil, Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness,

he doth verify unto himself, and likewise to his friends and neighbours, that proverb of the wise King, which saith, “A merry Heart doeth good, like a Medicine.”

Wherefore the Parson, as knowing that he should be unto his people and companions a Teacher and a Guide, striveth to exercise a brave Abstinence and a thoughtful Discreetness, when he chooseth a Recreation, and enjoyeth his ease; keeping himself aloof from evil company, because sins make all equal, whom they find together; and resisting all such excess in the outlay of his Money or his Time, as may prove a robbery and hurt unto his Flock or unto him; all such excitements, as do afterwards unfit men for their duties, leaving them, as (do strong Drinks and Dainties, in drowsiness and stupidity; and all such Amusements as have no better purport than to amuse. “Tf I forget Jerusalem in my Mirth,” he saith, “let my right hand forget her cunning.” Even in Laughter will my heart be sorrowful; and the end of that Mirth is Heaviness.

And so, albeit the Country Parson hath delight in horses, esteeming them as noblest of all Beasts, and most admiring them outstretched at Speed, and would gladly go forth with his neighbours to witness their Honest contention, yet keepeth he away from the Course or Race, as one who knoweth that lewd fellows of the baser sort, yea the very Abjects, be there gathered together, not to please themselves with the Beauty, the Grace, the Swiftness of the Steed, nor yet with the Skill and Courage of his Rider, but to outwit and to defraud one the other, and to make a jest of Dishonour and Vice. He seeth how that fair Houses be desolate, and ancient Estates be estranged, by the Gambling and Wagering of reckless men, who might have made those Homes Happy, and bequeathed those broad lands to their Heirs; he readeth how that Madness and Suicide have come unto Fools, who have staked all that remained upon a Race, or upon a Throwing of Dice; and in the wail of the widow and in the exceeding bitter cry of the fatherless, robbed of their Heritage, he heareth and heedeth a

* Writ after the manner of George Herbert. Some of the sentences, and everal of the phrases, are from the writings of Herbert

‘ THE GARDEN. *%

IX.

Voice, that warneth him and all, “ Enter not into the path of the Wicked, and go not into the way of evil men.”

And though the Country Parson hath learned to ride, in those days, when, as the Latin Poet writes, unbearded Youth in horse and hound rejoices, and though he hath Knowledge, it may be, from a brave Experience, how to clear the strong Wall of Stone, the Fences of Oxen, and the Brook, running broad and deep; and though he honoureth the Chase as an Exercise Brave and Healthful, teaching men to be cool yet bold in danger, and above all as bringing them together, that there be more Friendship and larger Sympathies ; though it delighteth him to see the young Squire coming home, with the Brush at his Saddle-Bow; though he leaves the unfinished sentence glistening on his Sermon, or the Lunch half-eaten on his plate, should his ears catch the sounds, or his eyes the signs, of ihe Hunt; and though his long Clerkly Coat may be seen flying over the Dike and topping the Stake-and-Bound, with half his parish panting in his wake; yet is the Chase (unless his cure be small, and his means large, and he ride not oft, but Valorously), beyond his reach and precinct. It hath a greater disbursement, both of Gold itself, and of the Hours which are yet more golden, than agreeth with the income of a Minister, or with the duties of a Priest.

Next, and as doth concern the Shooting with a Gun, albeit the Country Parson walketh openly and without Shame, it Conscience hinders him not, amid the Stubbles and Turnips of his Glebe, the Coverts of my lord, the Sedges of the Brook; and though the whirring Partridge, the rocketing Pheasant, the gliding Woodoock, the quacking Mallard, the twisting Snipe, and the nimble Coney, escape not his steady aim ;—yet, because of jealousies as concerns the Glebe aforesaid, which, for the most part, too small to furnish sport by itself, interferes with the Preserves of others, and because he liketh not the system now in vogue of slaughtering by hundreds poor home- bred birds, so tame that they will hardly rise unto destruction —the Parson goes out but rarely to seek his Recreation with the Gun.

As to Angling with the rod, there be seldom found among Parsons he that takes to this diversion, as good Master Isaac Walton and others, a mighty Affection, one who causeth the Fly to fall so lightly on the stream, and the Minnow to spin so Minnowishly in it, that the wiliest of Fishes look and die. A good fisherman is rare,as a Judicious Hooker among the Clerks, and indeed for that matter among the Laymen too; and, where may be the Desire and Ability, there lacketh oft the Opportunity. Nor must they, who are commanded to be Fishers of Men, go far or frequently in search of it.

The Country Parson has loved Cricket, man and boy, these thirty years or more, and will never lose that Love. He is the Founder and Friend of the village club, and cannot pass his

2 THE GARDEN.

(Jan. 1, 1876.

Schoolboys, playing on the Green, without bowling a Ball or hitting it. It stirreth his pulse, and maketh his Heart glad, to run up, when he taketh his holiday, unto the Ground at Lord’s, and to see the Boys of his School, or the Youths of his University, or the Men of his County, contend for victory. But he thinketh it unseemly to present himself Publickly in the similitude of a Bale of Flannel, and in the costume of one, who Saweth the Stone; and he loseth moreover early in man- hood that Agility of Hand and Speed of Foot, without which he may not Excel. None the less, though he hitteth too late to Leg, and misseth the Catch to Point, and breatheth audibly between the Wickets, his heart is with the Grand old Game; and one of the first duties, which he teacheth his sons and the sons of his parishioners is to Play with a Straight Bat.

In Archery, the Country Parson, whose forefathers fought at Agincourt, and who hath firm faith in Robin o’ th’ Wood, doth take a pleasant pride, and itis unto him a Wholesome and Cheap exercise of the Muscles, and a welcome Restoration of his mind. But unto few of his Order is given such space of level sward as the Pastime needeth, or that leisure for prac- tising the Art, as he must have, who would succeed therein.

Of all Games that, as it seems to me, suiteth him best, which (though it be very ancient, being identical, or, if not identical, resembling closely the Sphairistike of the Greeks) hath but recently been brought to us—to wit, Lawn Tennis. Not so much because it be in name Episcopal, and suggestive to the Parson of the duties, which he oweth to his Ordinary, or of the highest Honours to which his Hope aspires, but because it revives the Racquets of his youth,and without over- straining the locomotive capacities of his Manhood, brings to him, amid cheerful Companions, that glow of Exercise and eleyation of Spirit, so refreshing, and so helpful to his bodily Health. :

But few Rectors, fewer Vicars, and no Curates, have grounds large enough for a Tennis-Court, or friends at hand to play, if they had. 5

The Country Parson careth not for Croquet, and though he doth, as a rule, discourage that style of phraseology, which goeth by the name of Slang, and doth condemn all severe and sweeping Denouncements, yet hath he been seen to smile his consent, when his Squire hath pronounced his conviction, that “ Croquet was utter Rot.”

Seeing, then, that these Diversions do carry with them, so far as we clergy be concerned, both difficulties and Dissuasions, and seeing that at best they are but for the minority, and then only for a Season, we must pursue our inquiry after some other Recreation, which, like the Cup, which cheers but not inebriates, shall Refresh without relaxing the Country Parson.

We shall find it, if I mistake not, in Ton GARDEN.

In the Culture of a Garden, as it seemeth to me, the Country Parson hath a Refreshment, pure and pleasant, within his reach always, and within his income also, because Horticulture, if it be discreetly done, tendeth to increase rather than to impair his means of Maintenance; a Refreshment, which, as my lord Bacon saith, is greater than all others else, seeing that it doth renovate Mind and Body alike, without any such Excess or Excitement as doth bring on afterwards a Weariness and Debility. As to other Pastimes, Sports, and Recreations— albeit I do commend them in their temperate uses and their righteous applications—men must go abroad and roam afield in quest of them; and they be given for our Enjoyment at certain Seasons only; and ofttimes they are hindered by unkindly Weather, by Winds, and by Rains, by Droughts, and by Frosts; and their Vexations and Disappointments are not few, as, for example, when he who Hunteth the Fox liketh not a Fence, and goeth a circuit, and seeth the Hounds no more; or when he, who Shooteth Jealously, misseth the Game, and his Rival (as the phrase is) Wipeth his Eye. Whereas I do Athrm, and will humbly endeavour to Attest, that the Country Parson hath in his Garden, not only a Healthful Pursuit and a Happy Pastime, appropriate to his means and to his Voca- tion, but an Enjoyment, moreover, which, as the Lover said of his Phyllis, “never fails to please.” First of all, I would maintain, that there is no Garden so small but that it may constantly supply a Delight and Interest, to those who tend it with Love and care, in the Spring, the Summer, and the Autumn; and that there is no Purse so small, but that,

‘when there is the wish, Economy may afford the little Green- house and the Frame, which prolong, through dull Winter, the Gardener’s joy. Asa rule, the Parish Priest is poor, and when he remembereth the Birthplace at Bethlehem and the Home at Nazareth, he may well learn from his poverty there- with to be content ; but it would be hard, indeed, if he could not purchase unto himself that which hundreds of Artizans, by the fair Town of Nottingham and elsewhere, can buy from their wages—‘a Bit 0’ Glass.” Avssuredly, I say, there is no Garden so small, but that the fair Plowers of the Season may visit it in their course, from the Christmas to the Autumnal Rose; and there is no Greenhouse so small, but that Beauty shall clow therein, if only Affection Watch. ‘‘ Allers summut to cheer one up, summut bright for th’ eye, and m’ appen sweet for the nose, indoors or out, summer and winter,’ said a Mechanic; and surely the Country Parson in the purer air, far away from the smoke of the Town, and haying his Plot of ground and his Glass at his door, may achieve a like success, and make his Garden a Joy for ever.

What ‘Treasures he may collect,7though his Space be small, what Gems, yaried and lustrous, though he doth hold, as it were, the Casket in his hand—yea, Pearls more Blue than the Turquoise, more Purple than the Amythest, more Green than the Hmerald, more Golden than the Topez, more Crimson than the Carbuncle, and Whiter than Pearls—he who maketh for himself as, now, Happily for themselves, so many make a Rock, or Alpine, Garden. Just a few large Stones—and I would have him who placeth them betake himself first where he may best observe how Nature maketh her gardens amid the Rocks —and intermixed soils, Dry and Damp, Sand, Loam, and Peat, some for the Sunshine and some for Shade, for he shall have plants Diverse and Multiform ; and then, if he will study with his Mind and admire with his Heart, Nurse the Weakly, and Nourish the Strong, Exhume the Groundsel, and Inhume the Slug. Oh, for him, what visions of Loveliness! What an Alphabet is here for the young pupil’s eye to learn :—Aczna, Alyssum, Anemone, Arabis, Aubrietia; Bellis and Bluebell ; Campanula, Cerastium, Cheiranthus, Cyclamen; Daphne, Dianthus; Erica, Hrythronium; Pumaria and Funkia; Gentian and Geranium; Helianthemum and Honseleek; Iberis and Tris; Lithospermum and Lychnis; Menziesia and Myosotis ; Nertera and Nierembergia; Orobus and Oxalis; Phlox and Primula; Ramondia and Ranunculus; Saxifraga and Sedum ; Thymus and Trillium; Veronica and Viola; and when he has mastered these, what volumes for him to read. As a book- hawker’s pack is to the Bodleian, so are all other Libraries to the illustrated Library of Flora.

Next, be it well considered thata Garden hath for the Parson goodly thoughts and Instructions, for it doth Remind him continually how Blessed was the first Gardener, sc long as he kept Innocency and obeyed his Maker, and how Briar and Blight, and all that is evil, are the curse and consequence of Sin, and can only be uprooted with Sweat of Brow. If he be sorrowful when he marketh Decay and Death around him, as he who wrote— :

Then went I to a Garden, and. did spy A Gallant Flower, The Grown Imperial. ‘ Sure,” said I, “Peace at the root must dwell. But, when I dige’d, I saw a worm devour What shew’d so well; ” : he findeth Comfort and Hope with it when he seeth the Resurrection of the Spring and thinketh of his own; he remembereth Who bade him, ‘“ Consider the Lilies;” and he hath Faith that the same Power and Love, which brought so much Beauty from the mean, dry Bulb, can bring Angels out of the dust of the Grave. :

When he tieth out a branch or pruneth it unto the Shape which he deemeth the best, he must be oft reminded of the young “trees of the Lorp, full of sap,” which it is his Duty to train Heayenward; and how that sharp knife with which he cuts away excess, deformity, and disease, is like the Iron of Repentance in the Sinner’s Soul. aii... |

And not only in his Meditations, but in his Ministrations also, shall his Garden be the Parson’s Friend. He rejoiceth fervently to make an offering of his fairest Flowers to Him,

; Whose Breath perfumes them And Whose pencil paints,

[

Jan. 1, 1876.)

THE GARDEN. | 3

upon the Altar, which is to him a Royal Throne—Soliwm Onrisrr, as it was called of old. He taketh them to Brighten the dreary chambers of the sick, and there he maketh them his Text, and persisteth, that though man cometh up and is cut down like a Flower, like a Flower he is not dead but sleepeth, and shall bloom to an Eternal Summer, upon the New Earth, which will be Heaven also.

A PARADISE Of FLOWERS.

Wer have already to lament the vulgarisation of so many bean- tiful places, both here and on the Continent, by hordes of summer tourists, attracted thither either by hygienic repute, or by the enthusiastic descriptions of those who have been fortunate enough to see the land in its primitive loveliness, that it becomes an instinct in those who are not merely content to do this or that tour, and pass on to do some other in like manner, to be discreetly silent and keep their own counsel about new scenes and routes. Were I to become the lucky discoverer of a new station in this island for one of our rapidly disappearing native plants, such as Cypripedium Calceolus or Menziesia coerulea, no ordinary bribe would induce me to publish the same in Tum GArpEN or any other paper; for the result would surely be a flight of hungry botanists, terrible with trowel and tin case, who would swoop down and loot the treasnre, as sure as Kales are curly. But it is other- wise when a vast tract rich in flowery wealth, and lying out of the regular tourist route is visited. The resources of an Alpine region are so inexhaustible on account of the inacces- sible storehouses of flowers, and the season during which it can be visited is so comparatively short, that the injury done by a whole battalion of botanists, is infinately less than is caused in this country when prizes are offered (as too often they are) at country flower shows for the best bouquet of rare wild flowers. No one who loves them truly can ever forget his first visit to the home of Alpine flowers. It was my fortune this year to visit with a congenial companion one of the richest valleys in the Ober-Engadine. and although the season was well-nigh spent—it was early in September—many flowers were still recognisable and a few in full blossom. The drive from Coire to Ponté over the Albula Pass is very fine. It occupies twelve hours, and as the road is very steep, half the time may be spent on foot, walking up the hills in front of the deligence. On the Swiss side of the pass the most conspicuous flower in the forests at that late season, was the Swallow-wort Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea), and the Alpine Toadflax (Linaria alpina), with bright purple, scarlet-tipped flowers appeared to grow even brighter than on rock-work at home, where it is not seen as often as it should be. Here and there a stray blossom of Gentiana ciliata, verna, and bavarica, reminded us that June is the month to visit these high regions. Just before reaching Weissenstein, the highest point of the road, 7,000 feet above sea level, we get above the forest, here composed almost entirely of Spruce and Pinus Cembra. A vast treeless waste surrounds the tavern at Weissenstein; we noticed there a dwarf lilac-rayed Aster lighting up the roadside, and sheets of a blue Monk’s- hood, probably Aconitum autumnale, were very gay among the granite estate The ever present Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) straggled along the roadside even at this high level, but did not seem half so irrepressible or at home as in lower regions. We did not finally lose sight of it till we descended the Maloggia Pass into Italy. The modest British Eyebright (Euphrasia) here appeared as a handsome erect and many- branched plant, 6inches high, bearing plume-like sprays of many- pencilled flowers, much larger than we are accustomed to see exhibited by the same plant in our lowlands. Our destination was Pontresina, which we reached at six p.m., about two hours’ ride beyond Ponté. The situation of the village is most striking. Tt lies 6,000 feet above the sea at the junction of two streams, issuing respectively from the Rosegg and Morteratsch Glaciers, the end of the former being 4 miles, of the latter 6 miles from the village. The vegetation is wonderfully varied and profuse. The forests cease 1,000 feet above the village, and are com- posed entirely of Larch and Siberian Cedar (so called, or rather mis-called, for it is the Pinus Cembra). A few bushes

of Juniper and Cotoneaster are the only noticeable shrubs, but flowers are almost innumerable, and early in the season they must indeed be delightful. The meadows round the village were still rich with Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autum- nale), Dianthus (a large pale variety, reminding one of Hedde- wigii, but with a delicious fragrance of Honeysuckle), Cam- panulas, and Asters; an orange-coloured Composite, of a very pleasing tint, was also conspicuous. The woods are carpeted thickly with Rhododendron, Pyrola, Linnzwa borealis, and Blackberries; and, above the tree level, the rocks are fairly wreathed and encrusted with such plants as Saxifraga pyra- midalis, oppositifolia, Rocheliana, &., Sempervivum arachnoi- deum and chrysanthum, Epilobium Dodonwi, Primulas of many sorts, Azalea repens, Crowberries, and Campanulas; while the Scottish Heath or Ling maintains a thrifty life to the very verge of eternal snoyw—not, however, as we are accus- tomed to see it, clothing whole mountains in soft purples and russets, such as no other plant can give, but in stunted starve- ling tufts. We had not time to explore the Rosegg valley, but confined ourselves to that of the Morteratsch, the eastern side of which, being less densely wooded, appeared richest in flowers, especially where the débris forms a well-marked line with the vertical limestone face from which it has fallen. The Val del Fain, or Valley of Hay, opens to the eastward at the head of the Morteratsch Valley, near the summit of the Bernina Pass, 7,000 feet above the sea. It is well named Valley of Hay, for never did I see so many square miles under the scythe. The treeless mountain lawns are smooth enough (though not level enough, of course,) for tennis, broken here and there with masses of rockand little thickets of Daphne Cneorum and Alpine Rose. Both of us being Scotchmen, we involuntarily exclaimed, “ What magnificent golf-links !”’ an expression that conveys a good deal of description in a few words to our fellow- countrymen. Through the centre of this elevated valley, closed at the upper end by the bare vertical walls of the Lan- gard Range, and at the lower end by the dazzling snow-fields of the Diavolezza, a mountain torrent, clear as glass (lower-down it receives the milky turbidity of the Morteratsch Glacier), has cut its way deep through a bed of primitive limestone. The walls of this gorge or canon are thickly clothed with a truly Alpine vegetation. We secured a quantity of bulbs of Lilies (which, I fear, will for the most part turn out to be pom- ponium) and other kinds. Gentians, from the large yellow lutea to the dwarf bavarica and verna, were very abundant. The gracefully-tufted seed-vessels of Anemone alpina waved over the short crisp turf, as those of A. Pulsatilla do on the chalk downs of England; and, mingled with these were seed-vessels of a genus, so singularly alike that it was only by looking at the root leayes that they could be distinguished. We obtained also some roots of a pretty hairy Campanula, with drooping beils of pale blue. But our most showy prize was half-a-dozen stout tufts of the much- extolled Edelweiss (Gnaphalium Leontopodium), of which we found a mass on the cliff overhanging the stream. To wear a- bit of Edelweiss of your own plucking in your cap is reckoned a sort of certificate of your matriculation in Alpine climbing. It is so much sought after by tourists and natives—by the

latter to be sold to the former—that it has disappeared from

most accessible places near the villages, so we considered our- selves in luck when we came upon this bed of it. The plants of it which I brought home are spending the winter, not, as heretofore, in a snow wreath, but in a cold frame. To all fellow-lovers of flowers who visit the Engadine I would say go in June, take an air-tight tin case, a geologist’s hammer, and a collector’s trowel, and you will be amply rewarded. But do not appropriate any of the tempting little seedling Pines in the forests, for there is a wise decree in this canton that for eyery Pine so stolen detection entails a fine of 50 francs. SALMONICEPS.

Renovating Unhealthy Camellias.— Last season I set about growing Camellias, my stock of which consisted of two dozen plants. They ranged from 2 to 4 feet in height, and the whole scarcely produced a dozen flowers. The appearance of the plants being anything but promising, I removed the old soil from the back of our late Peach-house 1 foot deep—or perhaps more —put in rubble for drainage, and planted the Camellias close to the back wall with their root soil intact, giving them good holding loam, They haye grown well, and I have this season a good crop of flowers.—G. R.

4 THE GARDEN.

(Jan. 1, 1876.

IVY NOT INJURIOUS TO TREES.

BEING a devoted admirer of Ivy, allow me to offer tho following remarks, which I hope may tend to induce your readers to use their own observation with regard to this beautiful and invaluable climb- ing plant, and not be led away by the repetition of remarks and assertions which lead to its destruction on ill-founded accusations. Ivy does not extract nourishment from trees. Ina young state it is furnished with little soft feelers, by which it is enabled to cling to the bark and grow upwards. Asit advances in age, these appliances die away and wholly disappear, and the stem of the Ivy has no more to do with the tree than a rope would have loosely coiled round it. Anyone may then pass their hand between the stem of the Ivy and that of the tree around which it coils, and that it does not injure the growth of trees, excepting when it becomes too heavy for the boughs on which it rests, I can prove from numberless instances; but I will only name two of the most remarkable. More than fifty years ago, Ivy was planted at the foot of an Apple tree, in a flower garden (now in my possession); the Ivy flourished, and made the tree a complete evergreen umbrella, which it is to this day, and yet, not- withstanding neglect as regards pruning, which would have been desirable to lighten the weight of Ivy from the upper boughs, that Apple tree flowered and bore annually, and still flowers and has borne fruit to a comparatively recent period. TI do not addace this instance with any idea of recommending the use of Ivy for increasing the produce of the orchard, but I do 0 to prove that it cannot impair the vitality of a tree, if an Apple tree can flower and bear for the greater part of a century, having been loaded with Ivy for more than half that period. Another instance is that of a Chichester Elm, also inmy grounds, the rapid and fine growth of which elicited the wonder of the late Sir William Hooker. This tree has only been planted between thirty and forty years, and for size, height, and beauty it is the admiration of all who see it. Ivy was planted at its base at an early period, and has grown with its growth; the stems of the Ivy are now as thick as small cables, and between them and the tree, which it adorns with its evergreen foliage, at the present season when its natural leaves have fallen, there is a complete hollow. Ivy is also unrivalled in its wall-drying qualities, and sometimes is the only cure for a damp wall through which rainis driven by wind, a fact of which anyone may convince themselves, by the continual appearance of cob- webs if Ivy is torn down from a wall. The small wall Ivy is a very slow grower, but {an admirable preseryer of stone walls 3 it does not go between the stones, but forms a strong network over the face of the whole. A. Lt.

ees

Church Decoration.—The following is the way in which we decorated a Church in this neighbourhood. The wall behind the altar we panelled and dressed with green Box or Yew, the angles and centre being Golden Holly. On this we fastened bunches of berries, the effect of which, backed up by the yellow leaves, was strikingly beautiful. On the sides of the panels, half way between the corners, we put clusters of yellow-berried Holly, which, on the dark ground, looked well, the position of the different-coloured berries and leaves being ‘reversed in each alternate panel. Elsewhere, the panels were trimmed with silver-leaved Holly, mixed with common small wild Ivy, which was allowed to run gracefully, more or less, into the panels. In this case, no berries were used. Behind the althr was a cross, covered with green Moss, with very small Ivy embedded in it, and dressed with eight fine Eucharis flowers, viz., two at the base, four up the middle, and one on each side, forming a chaste and beautiful centre-piece.—Joun GARLAND, Killerton, Hveter.

Deranged Thermometers.—The directions for adjusting regis- tering thermometers which may have become out of order, as given at page 276, Vol. VIII., of Tar Garpen, apply only to the horizontal spirit minimum self-registering thermometers; the upright maximum and minimum instruments referred to by “Enquirer” (see p. 537, Vol. VIII.), which are filled partly with alcohol and partly with mercury, are too complicated and of too delicate a nature for any but a skilled workman to set right when once out of adjustment. The reason why one side reads higher than the other is that the thermometer, which is constructed for use only in a vertical position. has been laid down, and the two fluids have thus been displaced. “Enquirer”’ also complains that the index now follows the fluid instead of remaining in the tube at the maximum or minimum points, or requiring the aid of a magnet to move it in the tube, as originally was the case. This defect arises from the gradual loss of elasticity of the human hair (used as a spring to retain the index in the tube), by exposure to the action of the sun’s rays. These thermometers should be placed strictly in the shade, as none but mercurial thermometers will resist the sun’s heat without risk of being put of adjustment.—Necrerri & ZaMBRA, Holborn Viaduct.

NOTES OF THE WEEK.

——

—— Ar present, when the water-line of the Serpentine is 3 or 4 feet below the kerb stone placed around it, the folly of placing this stone edging there muy be more fully seen than usual. Of course it must come away some day. The right margin here, as in most cases, — is sand or gravel.

—— Awnonc choice vegetables now obtainable in Covent Garden Market are fresh green Peas—forced indoors, of course. Asparagus may also be had; Truffles, from Hampshire, are tolerably plentiful ; French Lettuces, Endive, Witloof or Chicory, and young Radishes are of excellent quality for salads; and winter Cucumbers may also be had in good condition.

—— THERE is yet a wide field for raisers of new Apples of first rate quality and which will keep. Now, at the end of the year, specimens of our two best flavoured Apples, Cox’s Orange Pippin and the Ribston, are obtained with difficulty, whilst the latest specimens are beginning to decay, and American fruit commands the best prices. Raising large cooking Apples, of which we already have too many, is needless work.

—— Anone the most beautiful of all pot-plants now brought to Covent Garden Market is the lovely little Siberian Squill, with drooping flowers of the clearest and most vivid blue colour imaginable. We have previously alluded to the charming potfuls of scarlet Tulips, intermixed with Lily of the Valley and Maiden-hair Fern now to be seen in the market, and we hope to see this Squill used in the same way. Indeed, nothing could well be prettier than pots of Lily of the Valley and tender young Ferns, neatly but not too regularly margined with this beautiful little Alpine bulb. :

Ir is proposed to hold, in connection with the Westminster Aquarium, which is to be opened to the public early this month, a series of flower and fruit shows on the following dates—April 12th and 13th, Forced Rhododendrons, Azaleas, &c.; May 10th and -11th. Roses in pots, Azaleas, Palms, and Decorative Table Plants; May 80th and 31st, Grand Exhibition of Plantsand Fruit; July 5th and 6th, Great Rose Show and Dinner-table Decorations; and October 4th and 5th, Great Fruit and Chrysanthemum Show. The amount offered in prizes at these exhibitions is £2,500, the prize money to be paid on the first day of the show.

—— WE haye frequently alluded to the rare Orchids which now find their way to the florists’ shops in Covent Garden, and it is with pleasure that we see glimpses of the time when these plants shall be obtainable by anyone who cares to growthem. Cypripedium insigne is now sold as an ordinary decorative plant, and this week we have noticed flowers of the beautiful Pilumna fragrans, one of the purest and sweetest of all white-flowered Orchids, Roezl’s, Pescatore’s, and the Alexandrian Qdontoglots; also the tiger-spotted species (O. grande), Oncidium cheirophorum, O. tigrinum, Leelia anceps, L. autumnalis, and L. furfuracea, to say nothing of a whole host of Lycastes and Dendrobes of the commoner kinds.

—— Mr. James Barnes writes to us, as follows, respecting some trees of the Cloth-of-Gold Rose, in Devonshire :—‘‘ Near Mr. Hlla- combe’s vicarage, at Clyst St. George, lives a small tradesman, a great Rose fancier, who has growing at the end of his house the finest Cloth-of-Gold Rose tree I haye ever seen. It covers the whole gable end of his house, has a stem as thick as one’s arm, and produces flowers in such abundance as to surprise all who see it when in bloom. The only attention which it receives is pruning out the weak wood and tacking in the long, strong shoots fall length. Another Rose tree, of the same variety, close to Exmonth, grows up the side of a house toa height of from 30 to 35 feet, the growth being rough and rambling. This tree makes young wood 10 and 12 feet in length, and when loaded with blossoms, which it annually is, its appearance is strikingly beautiful, inter- mixed with other climbers.

—— A monocrare of the genus Adiantum, by A. Keyserling» appears in the ‘“‘ Memoires”’ of the Academy of St. Petersburg, Vol. XXII., part 2 (1875).

—— In the limited space afforded by our index supplement we, this week, have had little more than room to hint at the great amount of attention that Mr. Darwin has throughout his life given to plants, and to his claims to be included among great gardeners. He has little affinity with the numerous botanists who concern themselves with the names of plants only. He has tried to fathom some of the mysteries of plant life and has often succeeded, and often pointed to the direction from which light will probably come. Many of his most interesting experiments were carried out with living plants in his own garden in Kent, and in his own green- house.

Jan. 1, 1876.)

THE GARDEN.

THE INDOOR GARDEN.

ROCKY SCREENS IN CONSERVATORIES.

Tv is often desirable to hide a wall or some other unattractive surface or objectionable feature in a winter garden or conser- vatory. How to do this effectually and gracefully is often attempted in the garden. Happily, it has often been most effectually done, and we this week engrave a photograph of a rocky screen erected in a conservatory near Hampton Court, by Messrs. Weeks & Co. In this case a view of certain out- houses, &c., necessitated a screen, and a rocky screen erected by Mr, Pulham is, as many of our readers know, a beautiful object, especially when Ferns and Mosses begin to feel at home on it, and free-growing climbers fall from point to point. By leaving interspaces for plenty of soil, fine-leaved plants may be well grown, their massive leaves contrasting admirably with the delicate grace of the Fernsand Mosses. In a conservatory or glazed structure of any kind, where the atmosphere is, to

large baskets with the Pelargonium family. The bottom of each basket was lined with fresh green Moss, and large plants of the Ivy-leaved varieties, such as L’Elégant and Willsii roseum, were planted at the edge, and pegged over the outside of each. ‘The centres were then filled with free-flowering Zonals, scarlet, pink, and white, and a few plants of tricolor and scented-leaved varieties. They were hung up out of doors under the partial shade of trees for a month until well esta- blished, when they were removed to their light, airy, winter quarters at the top of a large conservatory; since then they have been continually glowing with splendid trusses of bloom. The many beautiful varieties of Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums now

| in cultivation show to greater advantage in this way than under

almost any other circumstances. As soon as the under part of the basket is covered the shoots should be allowed to depend naturally, when their graceful habit will greatly add to the beauty of their showy, but stiff-habited, Zonal brethren. The good or bad effects of baskets depend greatly on the graceful and natural manner in which the plants are arranged. Great

Rocky Screen in a Consorvatory.

some extent, under control, it is easy to sustain an abundance of graceful plant life on a rocky screen, particularly if it is made after a fashion that allows a good deal of soil to be placed here and there. But, even without any soil, numbers of plants root freely and live healthfully on tufa, and even on hard rocky surfaces.

PELARGONIUMS AS BASKET PLANTS IN WINTER.

Ty lofty conservatories the addition of hanging baskets con- siderably enhances their attraction. One condition of success

in growing basket plants is the careful selection of plants |

that will really flourish in the strong light and dry atmosphere of such a situation. After trying several experiments, I must give the pre-eminence to the several varieties of Pelargoniums, both for the length of their period of flowering and for the great variety of colour, both in leaf and flower, which they exhibit. About the middle of August last we filled several

care must be paid to the watering of all basket plants; they are much exposed to drying currents of air, and therefore suffer sooner from lack of moisture than plants on the floor or stages of the house. While speaking of the free-flowering properties of Pelargoniums for winter decoration, allow me to add that most cultivators are very differently situated to your correspondent, Dr. Denny (see page 515, Vol. VIIT.), who, like many enthusiastic cultivators of some particular class of plants, thinks his own hobby wortby of more attention than others feel disposed to pay to it. While fully admitting all that your correspondent can urge in favour of the Pelargonium as a winter-blooming plant, I would remark that, in furnish- ing conservatories at this or any season of the year, one of the things to be avoided is too great a preponderance of any one class of plant. That course is calculated to weaken the effect of a conservatory, and is in fact a repetition of the evils of our summer bedding system. James Groom. Henham.

6 THE GARDEN.

[Jan. 1, 1876.

THE FLOWER GARDEN. THE POLYANTHUS.

Ty old books on the cultivation of the Carnation and other florists’ flowers, published in 1822, I find that in treating of the Polyanthus, alist of no fewer than forty-two named varieties of the fine old gold- laced typo is given; and of this number, as far as I can learn, only one yariety was in cultivation thirty-five years later. I got this information throngh searching published lists of that time. The most complete list that I can lay my hand on gives only thirteen varieties, and of these perhaps not more than half a dozen are now in cultivation, In the south of Hngland, named Polyanthuses are almost unknown, except in a few rare instances, but they can be met with in Lancashire and Yorkshire, though by no means in plenty, even in districts so eminently suited to the successful cultivation of _ the Polyanthus, At the exhibition of the National Auricula Society at Manchester in April last, it was noticeable that, while Auriculas, both show and Alpine, were produced in large numbers, the former especially, only a yery few Polyanthuses appeared in the classes set apart for them, and they came from only two or three exhibitors, and consisted of Sanders’s Cheshire Favonrite, Cronshaw’s Exile, and Bullock’s Lord Lincoln. <A really good Polyanthus—good in so far as it answers to the requirements of the standard of quality set up by the old florists—is a very beautiful flower. Of the forty-two varieties mentioned by Hogg, what has become of them? I should imagine that a large number of them died out because of the higher quality found in the flowers that succeeded them; but of the varieties that superseded them, how many could now be found ? I am doing my very utmost to get a collection, and have already obtained some three or four, found ina list of the best varieties given in 1856. If half-a-dozen or so can be got together, a good groundwork would be formed, out of which to produce some new varieties. he best estimate of properties in a good laced Polyanthus ‘was set forth by the late George- Glenny, as follows :—Of the pip. 1. The single pip or flower should be perfectly flat and round, and be slightly scalloped on the edge, and three-quarters of an inch in diameter. 2. It should be divided in six places, forming six apparent flower leaves, each of which should be indented in the centre to make it a kind of heart-shaped end; but the divisions must not reach the yellow eye. 3. The indenture in the centre of the apparent flower. leaves should be exactly the same depth as the indenture formed by the union of these flower-leaves, so that it should not be known by the form of the flower which is the actual divison and which is the indenture—in other words, which is the side and which the centre of the flower-leaf; and all the indenture should be as slight as possible to preserve the character. The tube should be one-fifth of the whole width of the flower, and stand up at the edge above the surface of the yellow eye. 4. The flower should be divided thus: the yellow tube in the centre being measured, the yellow eye around the tube should be the same in width as its diameter; and the ground colour of the flower should bethesame. Or draw, withthe compasses open to the sixteenth of an inch apart, a circle for the tube or centre; open them to three- sixteenths, and draw another circle for the eye, then oper them fur- ther to five-sixteenths, and draw a circle for the ground or dark colour. Beyond these circles there is a yellow lacing, which should reach round every flower leaf to the yellow eye, and down the centre of every petal to the eye, and so much like the edging that the flower should appear to have twelve similar petals. The ends of these twelve should be blunt and round like so many semi-circles, so that the outline of the circle should be interrupted as little as possible. 5. The tube should be nearly filled up with the six anthers, which are technically called the thrum, and the flower should not exhibit the pistil. 6. The edging round and down the centre of the leaves formed by the divisions should be of even width all the way, and universally of the same shade of sulphur, lemon, or yellow as the eye, and there must by no means be two shades of yellowin theeye. 7. The ground colour should be just what anybody likes best, but clear, well-defined, perfectly smooth at the edges inside, next the eye, to form a circle; and outside, next the lacing, a black ora crimson ground, being Scarce, is desirable; but the quality of the colour as to clearness, rather than the colonr itself, constitutes the property. Of the plant —1l1. The stem should be strong, straight, elastic, and from 4 to 6 inches in length. 2. The foot-stalk of the flowers shonld be of such length as to bring all the flowers well together. 3. The truss should comprise seven or more flowers, and be neatly arranged to be seen all at once. 4. The foliage should be short, broad, thick, and cover the pot well. To these rules Glenny also added some applying to the exhibition of pairs of plants, or pans of plants, as collections of more than two are termed. The pair, or pan if more, should com- prise flowers of different and distinct colours, either the ground colour or the yellow of each being sufficiently different from the rest to be well distinguished. The whole should be so near of a height as to

range the heads of bloom well together. The great fault of the Poly. anthus now, even among the best sorts, is that the divisions between the petals are so wide as to make the flower look starry, whereas there should be no more gap where the divisicn is than is in the indentation of the petal itself. To many these rules may appear needlessly minute, and even arbitrary; but when they are most dis- played in any flower, the beauty of that flower is at once apparent. An ordinary Gold-laced Polyanthus grown in a border has many attractions; but one of the fine varieties, that has been subjected to pot culture, has the beautiful lacing which constitutes the chief beauty of the flowers most charmingly arranged,

History.

How. the Gold-laced Polyanthus of the florists originated appears difficult to ascertain. Possibly, by means of some old books, its gradual development might be traced, and the time when it was first taken in hand by the florists discovered. In one of his interesting reminiscences, the late Dr. Horner, of Hull, who was a leading culti- vator of the Polyanthus in his day, states that ‘‘ the Polusanthos, Poly-anthus (many-flowered), is a direct descendant from the Primula vulgaris, the common Primrose ; yet what a change have the labours of the florist wrought here!—so great, indeed, that we are compelled to resort to the more exact science of botany to assure us of its undoubted origin. For, not only has cultivation imparted to it a new as well as a distinct arrangement of colours, but the sessile stem of the Primrose has been converted into the scape, or elevated stem, bearing an umbel of flowers, as in the recognised Polyanthus of florists. That the Polyanthus is indeed thus derived, the florist is too often vexatiously reminded, in witnessing among his cherished hopes in a bed of seedlings, a fair sprinkling of Primroses, both plain and coloured; while the cultivated seed of the Primrose will not unfrequently produce coloured flowers, and that on an elevated stem.” I have heard of an old florist, a great lover of these flowers, who regarded all except what we call ‘‘show Polyanthuses’’ as Primroses, whether they bloomed on single stems or in an umbel, and he distinguished the former as ‘single bloomers,” and the latter as ‘‘ cluster bloomers.” From whatever it may have sprung, it is certain that succeeding generations of florists have brought into cultivation and largely improved the Gold-laced Polyanthns, and eventually named varieties, afew of which survive to the present day. Of late years named varieties of the Gold-laced Polyanthus have been raiged and sent ont round London ; but a comparison with such fine standard flowers as Cheshire Fayourite, Lancer, and Hxile, shows how mnch below these they must rank when tested by the rules which constitute quality.

Cultivation.

The only sure gnidance in the artificial cultivation of a plant is the observance of its natural condition and habitat ; and where grows the Primrose, in its wild luxuriance, but in the shaded lane or wood- land ? And, though it is sometimes seen to adorn in the spring the sunny bank of a hedgerow, yet, ere the summer’ssun can visit it, even there it will be found that Flora has kindly sheltered her favourite amid the shadowing growth of others of her train. The Polyanthus, then, should always be grown in a cool bed or open border, which has an eastern aspect, or which is otherwise wholly shaded from the summer’s sun, for it is most impatient of heatand draught, and, it may be added, of confinement and smoke also ; and hence it can never be well grown in the immediate vicinity of large towns. This is Dr. Horner’s experience, and itis quite in accordance with that of a great many others who have endeayoured to cultivate this flower. No mode of culture shows off the Polyanthus to better advantage than growing it in pots; at the same time, in order to succeed, it is a process requiring some care and attention. There was much more truth than appears on the surface in the remark of an old florist that “hard well-burnt unporous pots and thorough drainage” are essential to its successful culture, and 48 and 32-sized pots—using them according to the size of the plants—are the best for the purpose. So much for the size of pots for the Polyanthus. In regard to soil good fibry loam from a pasture, the top spit of which should lie by for a year or so till thoroughly decomposed, leaf mould, powdered charcoal, and dung from a spent Cucumber frame, well mixed together, the loam about one-half of the whole, is the best soil in which the Polyanthus canbe grown. The usual rule is to pot up the plants for spring blooming about the month of June and July, though some do it as early as May ; and when this is done, the plants should be quite shaken out of the soil in which they have been growing, and a good portion of the long stumpy tap root cut away, retaining only that part nearest the leaves that has plenty of young fibres. It shonld be borne in mind that the young or fresh roots of the Polyanthus are thrown out close to, and even among, the leaves, and, in conse. quence, when the Polyanthns is planted in suitable soil in the open

Jan. 1, 1876.)

THE GARDEN. ”

ground, and allowed to remain undisturbed for any length of time, the tap root gradually becomes of great length. At the time of this early summer potting, offsets are removed from the plants, and the treatment of these shall be dwelt on presently. Inthe act of potting the cultivator should form the soil in the pot like a cone, and on this the root stem of the plant should rest, with the roots hanging down on all sides; and in this way pot them, putting the plant pretty deeply in the soil, remembering what was just now stated, that the young roots come from about the leaves. Bear in mind that it is always more easy to top-dress a plant, and by so doing bring it nearer the surface of the soil, than to lower a plant that has grown out of the soil. The latter difficulty can only be met by re-potting. After potting, water the plants freely, in order to settle the soil well about the roots. The plants should then be placed in a shady situa- tion, in an old frame with a good ash bottom raised well above the surface of the ground; but at thesame time they mnst have abund- ance of air. The plants will not need further watering till the roots begin to lay hold of the soil. It is well to protect the plants from heayy rains. In October the surface of the soil should be stirred, and if any green growth has accumulated, as sometimes happens, it should be removed, and replaced with some fresh soil. Itis a usual practice to top-dress at this season of the year,

Wintering the Polyanthus.

This should be done in a cold frame, but the frame should be banked up on the outside with ashes, or earth, or leaves, to keep it warm in times of severe frost. The plants should be placed on bricks, inverted flower pots, or wooden frames, and be raised to about a foot from the glass. By thus raising the pots, the air can freely circulate among the plants, which is of great value at this season of the year. Or the pots canbe brought into a cold greenhouse, but placed on a raised shelf. Green fly is apt to affect the plants during the winter, and they should be looked over occasionly, and any insect pests removed with a camel’s-hair brush. Slugs will sometimes attack the plants, and they must be looked after also. When frost is imminent, the great thing is to have the plants as dry as possible; and really they are much more liable to be injured by wet than by frost. The plants should therefore be kept moderately dry during November, December, January, and February; at the end of the latter month they will begin to push into growth, when more water may be applied. About the first weekin March, the old practice is to top-dress the plants by taking away an inch of the surface-soil and substituting some rich compost. In removing the soil, care must be taken that the rootlets, which are pretty near the surface round the base of the plants, be not disturbed. After the top-dressing the flower-spikes soon put in an appearance ; and, in order to have finely. developed pips, the old florists used to thin out the flower pips so as to leave about six outside ones. By the end of April the plants would be in fine flower and fit for the exhibition table. It is neces- sary at this stage to shade the flowers from the sun to preserve their colours, and to have them as fresh and the lacing as perfect as possible. After blooming, the plants should be removed to a northern aspect, and kept in the shade, but not under the drip of trees, and stand on an ash bottom, and here they may be at rest for the summer. The plants should be kept free from dead foliage, and the attacks of thrips and snails be guarded against. The soil about the roots should be kept moist, but not excessively so. A little top-dressing may be added during the summer, to induce the plants to root high up, and, as it sometimes happens that a tap root decays, the surface roots maintain the vigour of the plants. Any variety required to produce seed should have a hand-glass placed over it, if any extra protection is deemed necessary. It isthe practice of some growers to turn the balls ont of the pots about the beginning or middle of June, and with- out reducing them in any way, plant them ont in a shady and well- drained border, where the plants will remain till they are re-potted and divided in August; and this brings me to the matter of offsets or root division. %

Propagation by Division.

The Polyanthus can scarcely be said to throw off offsets in the same way as the Auricula; rather it throws up two or three or more strong crowns, according to the strength of the plants, and perhaps one or two smaller ones. The crowns should be divided, and the strongest potted up to flower in spring, as already directed, and the smaller crowns potted singly into small pots. The old florists contended that a single crown produced by far tho finest flowers. As to soil, good sod-soil from an old pasture, to the extent of about two-thirds, enriched with old manure and leaf mould, the latter in good proportion; in such a mixture the Polyanthus cannot fail to do well. Though the leaf mould is not absolutely necessary, yet it will ever be found, both in respect of the Auricula and the Poly- anthns, that whenever there occurs in the soil a little mags of decaying

leaves or sticks, there the roots will be most nnmerons and vigorous. Such practical hints on natural tendencies the observant florist ever treasures up, and it is by their observation and application that he becomes a more successful cultivator than his fellows. While I have been treating of the old Gold-laced Polyanthus, I must not over- look the claims of the Fancy kinds, as they have a great decorative value much beyond that possessed by the Gold-laced varieties. They are all very vigorous growers, and do not possess the delicacy of constitution peculiar to many of the high-bred Gold-laced varieties. In point of colour they range from pure white to deep purple, the individual pips are of great sizoN¥aqd the trusses correspondingly large. They well deserve to be taken in hand as exhibition plants, and this will no doubt be done before long, as some fine named varieties have been distributed. Among them are The Bride, white; Etna, magenta-crimson; Field Marshal, velvety- crimson ; Jessie, bright rosy-violet ; Viceroy, sulphur; and Warrior, rich shaded magenta.

Cultivation in Beds in the Open Ground.

The proper time for planting is the last week of July, the end of the period of the summer rest, and when the old plants have attained such maturity and size as to admit of easy division. It was always considered that this period of planting should be strictly observed, in order that the plants might haye all the advantages of their natural autumnal growth, thereby becoming thoroughly established in the soil before winter, and ensuring a vigorous bloom in the spring, as well as obviating all chances of disease or death from the severity or changes of weather in their winter season of rest. ‘The plants should be carefully divided with a sharp knife, or neatly detached with the fingers if nearly separated, but not slit or torn up, though such injurious and unscientific practice has by many been recom- mended, on the whimsical theory that a Jacerated wound in the Polyanthus or Auricula is sooner healed than an incised one! Lace- rated wounds, both in plants and animals, are most dangerous.” So wrote, in sober prose, one of the fine old Polyanthus cultivators of the past generation. In the case of planting in beds, as in pots, the main or tap-roots should be shortened to within an inch of the inser- tion of the leaves, that a few of the young and more vigorous roots only be retained. At the time of planting out, the roots should be divided as recommended in the case of plants potted, as previously set forth. The method of planting is perhaps the most important feature in the culture of the Polyanthus; it must be set deep in the soil. Having made a hole in the earth with a trowel, place the plant so deep therein that the very crown of the root is covered one inch with soil, for it is from this upper part that the young roots proceed ; and hence it is essential that they at once meet with earth in which to grow and ramify. If this condition be not afforded, the plants will either dwindle and damp off from the perishing of these young roots, or we shall witness stunted plants, with bunches of curly fibres, struggling to reach the surface of the earth—a very common sight in a neglected border of Polyanthuses. The plants should be placed in rows, and be 8 inches apart each way. When planted thoroughly water the bed, and the plants will require no further care, unless a spell of dry weather sets in; and then, if the beds occupy an exposed position, they should be occasionally watered, and some leaf mould scattered over the surface to keep the scil cool and moist. All coverings in the way of protection during winter are wholly unncessary, and eyen hurtful. In the spring the surface+of the bed around the plants should be made neat and clean, and when the. flower stems have risen and the flowers are about to expand, they should be protected by an awning from the rain or sun, or the freshness and richness of their colours will be deteriorated. If required for the purposes of exhibition, or for ornamenting a cool, airy greenhonse, or even a cold frame, they may be readily taken up, without risk or injury, with a ball of earth, and put into common- sized Anricula pots, being at the same time liberally supplied with water ; when no longer required for such purposes, they must again be returned to the bed. When the bloom is over, and during the summer months, the plants still require no care beyond the ordinary attention of keeping them clean, and the earth moderately moist by occasional watering ; for if the Polyanthus be subjected to excessive drought the plants are extremely apt to become infested with red spider, as indicated by the yellow mottling of the foliage.

Raising from Seed.

Seed shonld be sown in August soon after itis ripe. The great advantage derived from doing this is that the plants become of good size by spring, and flower the following spring finely, displaying their characters to the best advantage. The seed should be sown in pans or shallow boxes, and, as soon as large enough, pricked off into 48.sized pots, in some good soil, about six plants in a pot, and grown on strong during the summer, As a matter of course, when tha

8 THE GARDEN.

[Jan. 1, 1876.

seedlings flower only the very best should be retained and the indifferent ones thrown away. A large number may be raised from seed taken from the very best flowers, but only a very few of them are likely to have all the characteristics of a first-class Gold-laced Polyanthus. Seed of the fancy varieties will produce something much more satisfactory, because in this strain the grower is not con- fined to one particular type of flower. Quo.

Lilium giganteum in Scotland.—Perhaps it may interest some of the readers of THe GARDEN, to know that this magnificent Lily grows out of doors, and is quite at home even farther north than Edinburgh. Handsome, no doubt, as was the specimen that grew in the garden of Professer Owen, yet I am happy to inform those interested in Lily culture, that two specimens of this Indian Lily grew on the banks of the Gareloch, that even surpassed tke one at Sheen. In the summer of 1874, twelve bulbs were planted in a shady Rhododendron border, facing the west (previously they were grown in pots for the conservatory, but never gave satisfaction), and this summer I was pleased to see two flower-stems spring up. One grew to the height of 9 feet, and bore eleven fine flowers 7 inches in length; 6 inches from the ground the stem measured 7 inches in circumference. The other grew to the height of 73 feet, and had ten flowers. I gave the plants no protection whatever from frost, and last winter was an unusually severe one in the west of Scotland. —D. McLean, West Shandon Gardens.

Roses in Spring.—I am anxious to have some good Rose trees, that will blossom in the spring, having no greenhouse or conservatory tofall back upon. Hitherto, I have only been able to have afew window Roses, and the disadvantages of a poor aspect to contend against. If some of the authorities on Rose culture, as Mr. Reynolds Hole, with his usual gallantry, would kindly assist a lady amateur by giving her a few hints as to what kind of frame to construct, the kinds of Roses to purchase, and when to prune and plant them, she would feel deeply grateful for the kindness.—M. L. W. [Though I am fully occupied by clerical work, I am constrained, by a summons from a lady’s voice, to pass for a few minutes “from grave to gay,” and te inform ‘‘M. L. W.” that she may grow beautiful Roses in a frame during the season of spring, if the said frame is made frost- proof by artificial heat, for which purpose a boiler and pipes with hot water are by far most efficacious. My Rose pits are 2 feet 6 inches high at the back, and 1 foot 6 inches high in front (brickwork and woodwork inclusive), above the ground, and 1 foot deeper within. The sashes are 6 feet by 4 feet 6 inches. I place Dawrf Roses, either on their own roots, the Briar (seedling Briar preferred), or Manetti, which have been re-potted, or taken up from the open ground and potted, and pruned in October in the pits, accordingly as I want the flowers, from this time (my first batch are now in healthy foliage) until February, so that I may have Roses in March, April, and May, before the garden Roses bloom. I have given a select list of the varieties which do best in pots in the last edition of my “‘ Book about Roses ;”’ but if “‘M. L. W.” has it not, she may safely venture upon nearly all the more robust kinds, such as Marquise de Castillane, Etienne Levet, Baroness Rothschild, and others. Let her diligently obey, as laws which, like those of the Medes and Persians, alter not, the following injunctions—to force her Roses as gradually as she can, avoiding variations of temperatures; to give air whenever the air is neither rough nor cold ; to destroy insects by mild and frequent fnmigation.—S§. R. H.]

Tree Ivy in Shrubberies.—By way of change, I was induced some years ago to try Ivy ina kind of wilderness or grove that we have here. Itoccurred tome then to collect some large roots of trees that had been felled, and on which some of the fine roots had been allowed to remain. Of these, which were similar to those sometimes used in the construction of Ferneries, three or four were laid together roughly, and in no arbitrary form, to a height of from 2 to 4 feet. Some plants of Ivy were then planted all round and twisted in between the small roots ; and with very little attention afterwards they were soon covered over. The result doubly repaid for the labour by the improvement that was effected in the appearance of the shrubbery, which was planted with common kinds of shrubs, chiefly evergreens, with a few flowering kinds; whilst the border next the path con- tained various kinds of dwarf Vincas in masses. Between these are beds of Lily of the Valley, common Ferns, Daffodils, Primroses, with other spring flowers, which produce a very pretty effect. An irregular avenue of Beech trees runs through the centre near the path, and all the plants seem at home under a grateful shade. I find that the Irish Ivy answers best, as it grows better and covers more quickly. One root I planted with a small-leaved kind, but it has not done so well. I have not tried the variegated kinds, and I fear they would be too delicate.— W. Divers, Wierton, Maidstone.

DISHASH AMONG LILIES.

Mr. A. S. Future, tells asad story in ‘‘ Moore’s Rural,’ of the destruction of a large collection of Lilies, by a disease which he fails to account for. It is not often that disease attacks our hardy orna- mental plants, although the agriculturist frequently suffers severe losses from rust, smut, and mildew in his grain fields, or rot among the Potatoes. Ten years ago Lilies were an especial favourite of mine, and I would scarcely dare tell of the investments made in rare kinds imported from abroad. But the Golden-banded Lily of Japan at £6 per dozen and Lilium Browni, at a no less price, were two that came in for a goodly share of attention. But itis not necessary to consult my cash book in order to arrive at the fact which I desire to place on record at this time. I will say, however, that at a certain period, not more than half-a-dozen years since, 10,000 Lilies bloomed in my garden, and of the various species and varieties found in different parts of the world. There were in one bed 5,000 of the Golden-banded (L. auratum) all in bloom at one time, and in another 1,000 of the long-flowered white (L. longiflorum), also about the same number each of the showy speciosum or, as it is more usually termed, lancifolium. Then there were half-dozens and dozens of the more or less rare kinds scattered about to make the collection complete. My success in the culture of this showy family of plants was so great that I began to think strongly of devoting my entire grounds to Lilies, and of eventually entering the market with the produce; but alas! there is usually an end to air castles as well as those of more substantial structure. The next season, after my grandest supply of Lilies, I noticed that some few varieties showed signs of disease; the stems and leaves assumed a ~ rusty appearance, and small black spots appeared on the bulbs, as well as on parts above ground, such affected plants failing to bloom, and the bulbs in autumn were soft and immature. I lifted the bulbs and re-planted in new beds, applied ashes, lime, and various other substances, in order to stay the progress of this disease, if possible ; but all to no purpose. It continued to spread, taking in its course even the old Tiger Lilies, as well as the common wild species which had been transplanted from the fields and swamps near by into the garden. Bulbs taken up from the garden and placed in my green. house immediately assumed their wonted vigour and health, and not a sign of disease has ever appeared upon a plant grown in pots; but of my fine collection left out not a half-dozen bulbs survive. The bed once occupied by auratums has been planted with ever greens, and last summer I saw two or three stray plants blooming, half hidden among the dense foliage of some Arbor-vitees, and these, with one lone double Tiger Lily, are the only representatives left in my grounds of the noble family of plants which afew years since made large demands upon my purse and time, as well as excited my admiration and pride. Now, itis not pleasant to recount one’s failure in such matters; still, itis just possible that by recording the disaster which followed my “‘ Lily fever’’ some novice in floriculture will be put on his guard, not to count chickens until they are out of danger of the pip. Perhaps it will be well to state that my land is a light, sandy loam, well under-drained naturally ; consequently, if the Lily disease was caused by incongenial soil, it must have been on account of its being too warm and dry. But the Lilies did thrive remarkably well for a half-dozen years or more, and I think the rust was introduced among the imported Japanese sorts, as no sign of any disease was ever seen among my Lilies until the latter were purchased and planted out.

A New Race of Zinnias.—The “ Gardeners’ Chronicle” de- Scribes some new double Zinnias raised on the Continent, which show considerable variety of colour, and represent four diverse types, differing, it would seem, in habit and stature. One of them, Z. Dar- winii major, is described as of compact branched habit, with large globular flower-heads. These flower-heads reached us in a some- what shrivelled state, but they were densely double, and measured fully 2 inches across and about 13 inch in depth. The leaves (those only just beneath the flowers being seen) were sessile, triangular- ovate with an acute point, and three-nerved. The colours of the flowers inciuded scarlet, orange-scarlet, orange-yellow, rosy-purple, sulphur, and white. Z. Darwinii vittata had striped flowers, includ- ing such combinations as white with purple flakes, purple with white flakes, yellow with crimson flakes, sulphur with purple flakes, &c. Others labelled Z. Darwinii were described as being of dwarf com- pact-growing habit and extremely free-flowering; the flower-heads were conical and imbricately double, and differed from the others in being smaller, about 1% inch across and 14 inch deep, very full double, with a high centre; the colours were considerably varied, and included white, sulphur, yellow, orange, and two or three shadeg between purple and crimson. Z. Darwinii pyramidalis vittata ig taller in habit, growing like an inverted pyramid, and the forms sent

Jan. 1, 1876.)

THE GARDEN. 9

were mostly pale-coloured, more or less flaked. This new form of Zinnia is, we learn, a hybrid raised between Z. Haageana (mexi- canum) and Z, elegans, and is said to be very constant. It is abun- dantly distinct in character from the beautiful double forms of Zinnia elegans now becoming popular, and, so far as can be judged from cut flowers, appears to be quite an acquisition for the flower garden. With the Zinnias came two forms of garden Beet with eoloured foliage, not of any special merit. The best had the leaves smooth and of a glossy somewhat liver-coloured red; the other had the leaves rough and of a dull purplish hue,

A BLUE DAISY.

To our ordinary Daisies, now so much used for spring decoration, this will prove a valuable addition. It is described as being one cf the commonest of spring flowers in different parts of Morocco, abound- ing in fields with a rich soil on the hills near Tangier, and occurring in great profusion by the water courses of the valleys of the Greater Atlas in latitude 31°, at elevations of from 4,000 to 11,000 feet. This blue variety, first found by M. Balausa during his journey in Moroccco in 1867, has been introduced to this country by Mr. Maw, and it is already tolerably well known in our best gardens. The best specimen of it which wo haye yet seen was one in the herbaceous

Bellis rotundifolia ccerulescens,

border at Chiswick in the autumn of the present year, a dense little tuft 9 inches in diameter, bearing twenty-one fully-expanded flowers. It appears to like a deep rich soil, and to require no particular atten. tion. It is best propagated by careful division in the spring. B.

Sedum villosum.—Though this pretty species is not uncommon by the sides of Alpine rills in Scotland and the north of England, it is, I believe, not generally known in the southern parts of ourisland. I saw it in great beauty growing in’a shallow brook near to St. Moritz im company with Sundews and Butterworts. The plant itself was immersed in water, the panicle of deep lilac flowers alone rising above the surface, and resting on the water. Its habitat seemed so much at variance with the succulent leaves of the plant, that I thought it could hardly be a Sedum! A viscid glandular pubescence clothes the upper parts of the plant. Koch speaks of it as a biennial, and he describes the petals as roseate, with a purple dorsal streak. In drying, I find that the colours have become darker in hue.—Prrer INcHBALD, Hovingham Lodge, York.

Saponaria Ocymoides on the Continent.—Of all the Saponarias I have seen, during my visits to the Continent, none is so beautiful and conspicuous as this species. It occurs abundantly in the eastern parts of Switzerland—such as Tyrol and the Grisons— where it seems to delight ina loose and stony soil. It is as dwarf in habit, and as free to flower as S. calabrica itself; but its flowers are larger, and deeper in colour, and in warm, sunny nooks, the little

tufted plants ars covered with flowers, so that the leaves and stems are quite hidden by them. It must be an excellent plant for rock-work, for I noticed that it soon seizes upon freshly-built earth- work, insinuating itself into the crevices of the stones, and hanging down in dense masses of deep rose. I first saw itin the Albula Pass, and at the timo I wondered what it could be, mistaking it, as so many do, for a Lychnis, but on gathering it I soon found out my error.—Prvek INCHBALD, Hovingham Lodge, York.

POLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM COMPACTUM.

Tuts is a beautiful form of a well-known species which is really more distinct in character, for ornamental purposes at least, than many of the so-called species introduced to us. The writer observed the plant recently in the nursery of Mr. Parker, at Tooting, and was very much pleased with its beautiful compact habit and its florifer- ousness. P, cuspidatum is tall and straggling in growth, with a thinness of foliage and looseness of flower-spikes which leaves much to be desired in it for ornamental purposes. The dwarf variety is, however, one of the most ornamental autumn-flowering plants that I have seen for some time. It is the counterpart of the tall form, with the stems compressed to about a foot in height. Along with this shortening of stem there is little or no reduction of the number of joints, and consequently the foliage and flowers are much more dense. The leaves are shorter and narrower than they are in the normal form, and the flower-spikes are shorter, more crowded, and nearly erect; but the colour is the same in both forms,—a beautiful straw colour. It flowers during September and October. The plant originated in Mr. Parker’s nursery some time ago, on a spot where the tall form had been previously grown, and luckily it was not destroyed, under the supposition that it was the ordinary form, until its superior characteristics were observable. It stands in need of a dis- tinctive name, and I would suggest that it should be compactum, as being the most suggestive of the desirable features of the tall form being joined without diminution to a very compact habit. It is a beautiful plant for the herbaceous or mixed border, and for rock- work.— The Gardener.” [We regret to see any attempt to judge such plants as the stately and valuable Polygonum cuspidatum, from a florists’ point of view. It is the fine free habit of this giant Polygonum which makes it effective in the picturesque garden. Mr. Parker’s plant may be a desirable one, and an interesting variation, but we may state these facts without undervaluing one of the best hardy plants ever introduced. As to its being ‘out of place in select positions,’ Mr Gibson used it with good effect at Battersea, in the sub-tropical garden. As a lawn plant, singly in small groups, near shrubberies, it is very fine in rich soils. }

Newspaper Bye-Laws.—1. Be brief. 2. Bepointed. Donot write all around a subject without touching it. 3. State facts, but do not stop to moralise. Let the reader do his own dreaming. 4. Eschew preface. Plunge at once into your subject, like a swimmer into cold water. 5. If you have writtena sentence that you think particularly fine, draw your pen through it. 6. Condense. Make sure that you really have an idea, and then record it in the shortest possible terms. 7. When your article is completed strike out nine- tenths of the adjectives. *

Atoms.—By four different modes of argument derived from different parts of science, and pointing mainly to the same conclusion, Sir W. Thomson has shown that the distance between two molecules in a drop of water is such that there are between five hundred millions and five thousand millions of them inaninch. He expresses that result in this way—that if you were to magnify a drop of water to the size of the earth, then the coarseness of the graining of it would be something between that of cricket balls and small shot. Or we may express it in this rather striking way. You know that the best microscopes can be made to magnify from 6,000 to 8,000 times. A microscope which would magnify that result as much again would show the molecular structure of water. L

Billings on Bonnet Flowers.—Flours are worn this seazon quite mutch on bonnets. I saw a luv of a hat last week at Madame Frisky’s. It lookt mutch like a bokay for a target excurshun, presented bi sum alderman tothe constiuents ov his ward. Thare waz Sunftonrsand Pond Lilys, Hollyhawks and Dandylions, enuff to stok a forty aker garden. I waz told that the bonnet waz the very kream ov style, and the price wasa mere song, only seventeen pounds. I wanted to buy the dear thing and set it out in my front yard and water it and see it gro, but it had been sold to a

coal dealer’s wife. : : “THE show of the —— Society was the best ever held since its

organisation,” is a sentence which should be “kept standing”’ in every well-regulated newspaper establishment during the flower show season.

THE GARDEN,

(dan. 1, 1876.

THE AMATEUR’S GARDEN, By THOMAS BAINES.

Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, and Fuchsias.—Pelargoniumg, intended for flowering early, will now have made considerable growth. Although, for decorative purposes, it is neither needful nor advisable to train them asis usually dono when they are intended for exhibition, yet—in order to keep the shoots from becoming ** drawn ”’—they should be well opened out, so as to admit plenty of light to those in the centre. All sticks, required for their support when id flower, should at once be placed to them, and the shoots tied thereto; for, later in the season, the soil gets filled with roots, and the insertion of the sticks then often causes serious mutilation. Fancy varieties should also haye sticks placed to them; but they do not need so much support as large-flowered sorts. Such plants as bloomed Jatest during the past summer, and which were not cut down and shaken out until late in the season, will now require placing in their flowering-pots. These also will be better for being tied at once. The points of the shoots ought to be pinched out, which will have the effect of causing them to flower later, and thus form a succession to the earliest, which should not be stopped at all, except such as are young and very vigorous. Place them as near the lightas possible. The earliest-sown herbaceous Calceolarias should now be moved into their flowering pots. These rapid-rooting subjects get hold of the soil in a very few weeks, and do much better for being moved to their blooming pots early; for this final shift, let the soil be rich andlight, using amongst ita good quantity of leaf mould, a material in which the roots of soft-wooded plants delight, and it may not be out of place to remind those who haye not had much experience in plant-growing that the ability to produce an abundance of flowers with most pot plants, especially those of quick growth, ina great measure depends upon the amount of roots which they possess. Old plants of Fuchsias rested under ereenhouse stages, or in similar out- of-the-way places, should not be allowed to become dust-dry, as in that case many of the roots perish. On the contrary give thema little water at intervals so as to prevent such an occurrence. They should now be pruned, cutting back the side shoots to within a couple of eyes fof the main stem, and shortening the latter to about 18 inches above the pot; for, if left too high, the bottom of the plants do not get furnished with flowering shoots. It is always better to prune Fuchsias some time before they are started into growth than after- wards, as, if not so treated, they frequently bleed so much as to weaken them. Where any of these old plants are required in bloom early they should be at once placed in 4 light situation, but do not excite them by patting them into heat.

Vineries.—Vines should at once be pruned, an operation in which it is not advisable to be too much guided by mere appearances ; gardeners experienced in Vine culture generally prune close, as when 80 managed the canes look best, but this is frequently carried too far, consistent with the certainty of obtaining good crops. Vines under the care of amateurs, seldom have their wood well ripened, especially after such a damp dull autumn as the last, and when this is the case, very close pruning is calculated to still further reduce the chances of a crop. Amateurs should not therefore prune too close, but should leave at least two eyes to each shoot after being cut back. Long spurs are certainly unsightly, and by thus treating the shoots, the spurs soon get a considerable length, but it is better to leave them long than endanger the crop; if, when the Vines break both eyes show bunches, that which is furthest from the spur can be rubbed off. It is usual after pruning to dress Vines with some mixture, calculated to destroy the eggs of red spider or thrips that may have infested them during the summer, for itseldom happens that red spider at least is altogether absent. To more effectually eradicate all traces of this pest, it is customary to strip off the old bark, a questionable practice ; but no harm can result from removing any that is loose. To scrape off the whole covering, as is often done, is, however, unnatural, the baneful effects of which are evident from the fact that Vines subjected to such treatment never thicken out as they ought to do. The dressing just alluded to ought to be applied as soon as they are pruned ; for, if delayed until the buds begin to swell, they sometimes get injured, especially if sulphur is used in considerable quantity. The safest mixture is clay and water well worked up to the consis- tency of thick paint; in this mix a little fresh cow-dung to make it stick, and to each gallon of the mixture add 1 pound of sulphur and a little soot, keeping the whole well stirred as it is used, otherwise the sulphur will settle to the bottom; for laying it on, an ordinary paint-brush may be employed, or the more customary substitute made of bast tied to a short stick may be resorted to. The chief point is to see that the mixture gets into every crevice, so as to cover the whole, from the surface of the soil to the extreme points. It is the more requisite to get every part of the young wood covered if thrips has been present during the preceding summer, as the eggs of this pest will be found on the young wood, sealed up under small, black, varnish-like

spots, under which they lie secure until brought to light by warmth. If there are inside borders, a couple of inches of the surface soil may be taken off and re-placed with fresh material. The wood-work should also be well scrubbed with soap and water, painted, if required, previously washing the glass and lime-washing the brick. work. The Vines, when dressed, may be tied lengthways across the front lights or lower part of the roof, where they can remain till the buds haye broken. Warly forcing is not to be recommended, except under experienced cultivators, as the chances of losing a crop, in the caso of early-started Vines, are much greater than if they are pushed into growth later in the spring.

Peaches.—Where those are grown under glass they should at once be pruned, as if deferred later the buds will begin to swell, after which they are easily rubbed off. In pruning Peaches and Nectarines, judgment is required not only to leave the best-placed shoots for the present season’s crop, but also such as will produce bearing wood to furnish the trees evenly for the following year. Do not leave the shoots too close, as anything approaching overcrowding is worse in its effects with trees under glass than in the case of those on open walls, where there is nothing to obstruct light. Wood-buds are easily distinguished from fruit-buds by their being so much smaller and more elongated. See that one of these thin buds is left at the point to which every shoot is cut back, for if they are absent there can be no growth made from the end of the shoot, the effect of which will be that the fruit upon it will not swell freely owing to there being no shoot to draw up the sap. When pruned, the trees should immediately receive their winter dressing, for which purpose Gishurst and similar compounds are often recommended ; but, unless used by those whoare experienced serious mischief is frequently the result, the bloom buds often falling off in quantities. Nven if applied with the greatest care this will happen, if the dressing is too strong. A mixture, similar to that recommended for Vines, is much safer, and if applied so as to reach every crevice, will be found perfectly effectual. In laying it on, care must be taken to touch the buds very lightly or they will be injared. When this kind of work is finished let the trees be tied; in doing this the bast should in all cases be crossed between the wire and the shoots, so as to keep the latter from coming in contact with the iron; never let the ties be drawn tightly ; on the contrary, leave enough room for the expansion of the shoots. Give the house a thorough cleaning, both woodwork and glass, so as to impart to the whole a neat, orderly appearance, and admit as much light as possible; scrape off an inch or two of the surface soil in the way already recommended, and re-place it with new loam and rotten manure. On no account allow Peach borders to get dry. Peaches are never quite at rest; even when without leaves the buds are slowly swelling, and if ever the soil gets too dry they are certain to suffer more or less, frequently resulting

in large numbers falling off. Peaches and Nectarines, with their

roots in inside borders, often suffer more through this cause than any other,

Conservatories.

Continue to wage war with all insect pests, such as thrips and scale. Half measures are of no avail with these; indeed, nothing but hand- washing or immersing the heads of plants infested with them in strong solutions of Fowler’s or some other insecticide will rid them of these pests. Where it can be done, the latter is the quickest and surest way of destroying them, as with hand-washing some are almost sure to escape, and these soon re-stock the plants with their progeny. By taking the plants in hand at once, while they are at rest, they will stand a much stronger solution of insecticide than at any other time. In the case of thrips and scale, it requires from 4 to 6 ounces of insecticide to the gallon of water to make sure of its being effectual. White scale, the most troublesome of all insect pests, is sure to effect a lodgement on the old stems of Tacsonias, and if not cleared off, they soon make their way to the young leaves and branches. Where the stems of creepers are infested with these, they should at once be scrubbed with a tolerably hard scrubbing-brush, using, at the same time, any of the insecticides to work into the crevices. As the young wood of Tacsonias goes out of bloom, it may be gradually cut away, 80 as to induce them to break well back, and start afresh with increased vigour. Guard carefully against damp by removing any dead or decaying leaves or petals as they occur. Maintain a uniform temperature of 45° to 50°, which will be found quite warm enough to accommodate almost any flowering plant at this season, excepting the more tender stove varieties. Where Camellias have to be subjected to artificial heat, they should have a gentle be-dewing with clear soft water, so as to keep the leaves and buds moist, or the latter will be apt to fall off. Others expanding their bloom must be kept in a cool dry atmosphere. or the flowers quickly become discoloured. While swelling their buds, and carrying a crop of bloom, they must have

Sax. 1, 1876.]

THE GARDEN. ll

plentiful supplies of water, as the energies of the plants are then taxed to the utmost. Clarified soot-water, mixed with clear liquid manure, will be found of the greatest assistance during the period of blooming. Soot water imparts a luxuriant green tinge to the foliage, and is one of the safest and best fertilisers it is possible to employ. Weak solutions of guano-water, in the proportion of two tablespoonfuls to four gallons of water, have likewise a very beneficial effect, and they havo the advantage over ordinary liquid manure of being usable without being offensive. Witb Primulas, Cinerarias, Libonias, Epacrises, Heaths, Mignonette, Cyclamens, Schizostylis, &c., there is no lack of bloom even at this dull season. Backs of green- house stages, or other similar places under glass, may be turned to good account in forwarding many of the deciduons plants intended for forcing. By placing them in positions of that kind they come on slowly, and require much less forcing than if left exposed to the weather. Such things as hardy Azaleas, Wiegelas, Lilacs, and numerous other plants of that class, may even be helped forward in any close shed by keeping them well syringed.

Stove and Greenhouse Ferns.

In too many instances one house has to serve for both of these classes, and, where this is the case, neither can have the proper treat- ment they require, without in some way interfering with the health and well-being of the other. The stove varieties being of most value, and the first to suffer if the temperature of the house is unduly depressed to suit other kinds, should of necessity have the first con- sideration, and the treatment of the greenhouse kinds be made subor- dinate to these. Most of the former will winter safely in a tempera- ture of 50° to 55°, with a slight rise during the day, and nothing is gained by having more heat than is absolutely necessary. In the case of some of the most tender, such as the Gymnogrammas and some of the Nothochlenas, the lightest and warmest part of the house should be chosen to place them in during the winter months. By keeping them moderately dry at the root, so as to prevent flagging, and with the atmosphere as dry as is consistent with the safety and welfare of the other occupants of the house, they will be found to winter well, and start with more vigour in the spring than if sub- jected to a higher temperature. Where greenhouse kinds have to be grown in the same honse they should be ranged at the coolest end, and be kept as dry as possible without allowing them to flag, so as to prevent them starting into growth. Peat and loam should at once be got under cover, that it may be kept dry and in good con- dition for potting purposes, as the time for this is at hand.—J. 8. W. P.

Indoor Fruit Department.

Vines.—In many instances fruit will be set on the earliest started pot Vines, and where all the bunches that have appeared are still hanging, they should all be cnt off except the best formed and set, six of which will be enough fouracrop. It often happens that the finest bunches are produced close to the top of the cane, and if those lower down are indifferent, the bulk of the crop may be left on the top. The berries on the bunches left must be thinned as soon as they are the size of small Peas. Black Hamburghs must not be thinned so much as they require to be on established Vines, as in the case of pot Vines they seldom swell more than three-quarters their natural size. Royal Muscadine, Duchess of Buccleuch, and Grizzly and White Frontignans are naturally very small berried sorts, and great care must be taken not to over-thin them. As the bunches on these varieties are also small, strong Vines may be allowed to bear eight of them. After the thinning is over each shoot should be con- stantly pinched at two joints beyond the bunch. Shoots with no fruit on them may be restricted to four joints. Syringe every after- noon with tepid water, give the roots a little guano at every alternate watering and continue to do this until the fruitbegins toripen. The temperature may be kept at about 70° at night, and 75° throughout the day. Where Vineries are being started, high temperatures must be positively avoided, 55° at night and 60° during the day will be quite heat enough, the exception being 5° more with sun heat, or 5° less on extremely cold nights. A good bed of leaves and litter should be placed on the inside border and see that cold is excluded from that on the outside. Continue to stop and tie the shoots of perma- nent Vines, and when they come into bloom cease syringing. The atmosphere, too, should then be kept comparatively dry, and cold draughts must be guarded against. ;

Pines.—Queens lately placed in a forcing temperature will now be starting into growth, and should be liberally supplied with water atthe root. Where the pots have been loosened to permit excessive bottom-heat to escape, replace the plunging material firmly about them, when the heat has subsided to 80°. The atmospheric tempera- tures may now be increased 5°; keep succession Queens at rest and look over suckers in small pots in order to see that the roots are not suffering from want of water, If the plunging material is very dry,

as it is apt to become under constant firing, give ita good watering so as to keep it in a fresh healthy state.—J. Murr.

Kitchen Garden.

The kitchen garden must, of necessity, ever stand at the head of all the departments of gardening; not »ecause it requires more skill in its management, but because so much is expected from it, and that daily throughout the year. he allowances generally so freely made for the fickleness of fruit crops through bad weather, do not extend to the vegetable department from which supplies must at all times, and under all circumstances, be forthcoming. Hence the reason I attach to it so much importance, and I would urge on young gardeners, especially if they wish to succeed, the desirability of thoroughly mastering this branch of gardening. I am sorry, however, to say that I have occasionally met with young men who have had the greatest contempt for kitchen gardening. To young men of this description, my notes will be of little ser- vice, but to those who, like myself, are specially interested in kitchen gardening, the hints which I shall give from week to week during the coming year, will, I hope, prove of value ; first, as reminders of work to be done, and secondly, as to how and when to doit. The continuous rains which we haye had throughout the autumn and early winter months having prevented the performance of trenching, digging, and draining operations, on every fine day now such work should be advanced a step, in order that the ground may have the full adyantage of the action of frost upon it, such action being especially desirable on heavy, retentive soils. On frosty mornings, when the ground is firm and dry, manure should be wheeled on to vacant plots ready to be dug or trenched in on the disappearance of frost. Clear the dead stems off Asparagus planta- tions, and cover them thickly with rotten manure; afterwards cive them a liberal dressing of coarse salt, to be washed in by the rain. Ido not approve of the ordinary way of growing this vege- table, viz., in 4 feet beds, with a deep alley between them, half the roots being naked. I prefer to plant on the level ground, in rows 2 feet apart, dressing and manuring them annually, as has just been named. Sow a few Broad Beans on a ridge or warm _ border, Early Dwarf Cluster and EHarly Long Pod being the best kinds for the purpose. Also, sow a few rows of Peas, such as Ringleader and William the First. The last-named variety is a wrinkled Marrow, as early as Ringleader, and more productive. Any Peas that are up should have some soil drawn to them, as a pro- tection from cutting winds, frost, and vermin. Birds (sparrows in particular) are very fond of pinching out the points of the young: shoots as soon as they are through the ground. A good deterrent, and also a valuable fertiliser, is an occasional sprinkling of soot over the rows. Brussels Sprouts, a vegetable in use all through the dead of winter, require a very long season if wanted to be extra fine; they are, therefore, best sown in autumn, and left in the seed beds till spring. If not sown then, however, sow at once, in drills, 9 inches apart; cover the seed very slightly, and protect it with netting from birds. Imported seed is the best, because it grows the tallest, and consequently produces the largest number of Sprouts. Cauliflower plants under hand-lights, cloches, or in frames, should be fully exposed whenever the weather is favourable. These are generally kept too close, the impression being that such treatment will cause them to head early ; but that is a mistake, as they will come in no sooner, and are much more liable to “ button ” than when brought up sturdier. We have yet a few heads of that best of all Cauliflowers, Veitch’s Autumn Giant, a kind which has furnished a supply of good Cauli- flowers till Snow’s Broccoli came in. From the latter, we have been cutting for some time, and others are ready to be taken up and put in sheds or frames on the first appearance of severe weather. Harly kinds of Potatoes may now be started to sprout in warmth. Lay them in shallow boxes filled with sifted leaf mould, and give them occasional sprinklings with a fine rosed water-pot or syringe. As soon as sprouted and well rooted, pull off all the shoots except two, and plant them deeply on warm borders that can be readily protected if required. Start and treat them in a similar manner, for planting in pits, frames, or pots. Our first supply is always from pots, and it generally turns out satisfactorily. Three tubers are planted deeply in a 8-sized pot, and are earthed up as the haulm progresses ; the temperature of a newly-started Vinery or Peach house suits them well, and they can be easily moved to other quarters when desired. Have the necessary protection ready for Celery, Lettuce, Endive, and Parsley, in case of severe frost ; straw hurdles are the neatest, handiest, and most effectual protectors that can be employed for such purposes. Keep up successional supplies of Asparagus by making up a fresh bed about every three weeks. In bad weather look over stores of Beet, Potatoes, Onions, Jerusalem Artichokes, and Carrots, removing every trace of decay, as one bad’ root soon infests a large number.—W. Witpsmira, Heckjield.

12 THE GARDEN.

(Jan. 1, 1876.

aI) Se) ae

THE GREAT ST. BRUNO’S LILY. Drawn by F. W. BURBIDGE,

Tuts is a noble variety of a very beautiful alpine flower. It is as pure in colour as the White Wood Lily of the North American woods (Trillium grandiflorum), and is unlike the common alpine form, tall and stately as a true Lily, with long and elegant grassy leaves, and a delicate and welcome odour. We have not seen this large form in a wild state, if, indeed, it so exists. When the early summer traveller first crawls down from the cold and snowy pass of a Savoy Alp into the grateful warmth and Enelish-meadow-like freshness of the valley, most likely the first flower he notices in the fresh Grass on the side of the valley is a small Lily-like blossom, standing about level with the tops of the blades of Grass and the Orchises. The blooms, about 2 inches long, so clearly and delicately white that they might well pass for emblems of purity, have each division faintly tipped with pale green. One or perhaps two stems spring up here and there all over the meadows, and the effect of the half-pendent lilies is very beautiful. The description and synonyms given of this plant in “Curtis’s Magazine” are the text for a good deal of amusing comments on botanical nomenclature and its difficul- ties in the first number of Mr. Ruskin’s “ Proserpina.” His favourite, however, seems to be the branched Anthericum Liliago, which is by no means so fair a flower as the single- stemmed and true St. Bruno’s Lily. The variety now figured I saw for the first time last summer in Messrs. H. G. Hender- son’s nursery, at St. John’s Wood, and from the specimens then gathered and brought to THz Garpen office Mr. Bur- bidge made the sketch of which our plate is a reproduction. It speaks for itself. The plant will be found to be one of easy culture on warm free soils. Slight shelter would prove bene- ficial, and that may readily be obtained by planting it among vather dwarf shrubs. It is valuable for the mixed border, and, when plentiful enough, would prove worthy of naturalisation in open spots in semi-wild places where the soil is good. It may be most readily increased both by division and seeds, but is as yet scarce in nurseries. W. R.

Til (ENBIRVAIRA

“GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.”*

Tus is a handy little book, and one for which we havea hearty welcome, for it is rarely that we find so much sound and prac- tical advice given so plainly, or contained in so small a compass. Hxtending through 250 well-printed pages, and amply illustrated throughout, we have ably written and exhaustive little essays on soil and locality, drainage, manures, lawns, designs for gardens (which, by-the-bye, are not first- rate, and convey no new ideas to the intelligent reader), bulbs, propagation by seeds and cuttings, grafting and budding, tropical bulbs and seeds, potting plants, winter flowering plants, remedies for unhealthy plants, hanging baskets, and window gardening. We have also chapters on the cultivation of plants in rooms, wardian cases and Fern shades, how to force certain plants, greenhouses, Graperies, heating by hot water, cold houses and pits, combined cellar and greenhouse, hot-beds, insects, and diseases, besides many other suggestively-written pages on the fruit and vegetable garden, with excellent selec- tions of the best and most profitablekinds to grow. The chap- ters on fruits and vegetables are well illustrated, as is also the essay devoted to garden implements, while the whole book is aptly concluded by a most excellent monthly calendar of opera- tions. Asamatter of course, this book is written for American readers, and the selections are made with a view to suit a climate which differs in many important points from ours; notwith- standing this, however, ii would be useful to many English cultivators. To such we can confidently recommend it as being generally a straightforward little book from the hand of a thoroughly practical horticulturist. We here give Mr.

* “*Gardening for Pleasure. A Guide to the Amateur in the Fruit, Vegetable,

and Flower Garden,” &¢, By Peter Henderson. New York: Orange Judd Com- pany. 1875,

Henderson’s remarks on mulching and shading, which will convey to the amateur some idea of the practical and sugges- tive contents of this work :

Mulching.—Litter of any kind, placed around newly planted trees to prevent evaporation from the soil, was the original meaning of mulch, but it is at present extended to include a covering of the soil applied at any time, and for very different purposes. Good cultivators apply hay, straw, or other litter to the surface of the soil to protect the roots of certain plants against the action of frost, it being useful, not so much against freezing as to prevent the alternate freezing and thawing, that is apt to occur in our variable and uncertain climate, even in mid-winter. As mentioned under Strawberry culture, the mulch applied in the fall protects the roots during winter; it is allowed to remain on the bed where, if thick enough, it keeps down weeds, and prevents the evaporation of mois- ture from the soil during the dry time we are apt to have between the flowering and the ripening of the Strawberry. Besides all this, it makes a clean bed for the fruit to rest upon, and should a driving shower come up as the fruit is ripening, there is no danger that the berries will be splashed with mud and spoiled. The utility of a mulch is not confined to the Strawberry among fruits; Raspberries and Currants are much benefited by it, and by its use a gardener of my acquaintance succeeds in growing fine crops of the fine varieties of English Gooseberries, a fruit with which very few succeed in our hot summers. Newly planted trees, whether of fruit or orna- mental kinds, are much benefited by a mulch, and its application often settles the question of success or failure. We have known a whole Pear orchard to be mulched, and the owner thought its cost was more than repaid by saving the fallen fruit from bruises. The rooting of a layer is by some gardeners thought to be facilitated by placing a flat stone over the buried branch; the fact being that the stone acts as a mulch, and prevents the soil around the cut portion from drying out, and greatly favours the rooting process. Hyen in the vegetable garden, mulching is found useful, especially with Cauli- flowers, which find our summers quite too dry. The material of the mulch is not of much importance, the effect being purely mechanical, one kind of litter will answer as well as another; the material will be governed in great measure by locality ; those living near salt water will find salt-hay, as hay from the marshes is called, the most readily procured ; those who live near Pine forests use the fallen leaves, or Pine needles as they are called; in the grain-growing districts straw is abundant, and nothing can be better; it can be applied more thoroughly if run through a cutter, though the thrash. ing-machine often makes it short enough. Leaves are Nature’s own mulch, and answer admirably; if there is danger of their being blown away, brushwood laid over them, or even a little earth sprinkled on them will keep them in place. Tan-bark and sawdust may serve for some uses, but they are very bad for Strawberries, their finer particles being about as objectionable as the soil. One of the best materials to use for summer mulching is the green Grass mowed from lawns. This applied, to the thickness of 2 or3 inches, around the roots of all kinds of small fruits, will befound not only to greatly benefit the crop, particularly in dry weather, but will save greatly in labour by preventing the growth of weeds. One of our best pri- vate gardeners in the vicinity of New York has adopted this summer mulching with the Grass from the lawn for nearly twenty years, and has succeeded in growing all kinds of small fruits in the hichest degree of perfection.

Shading.—In mulching the object is to prevent evaporation from the soil, as well as to shield the roots from sudden changes of tem- perature; itis often necessary to protect the whole plant in this respect, and this is accomplished by shading. Although on a large scale, we can do little in the way of shading plants in the open ground, yet the amateur will often find it of great utility, as screening will frequently save a recently transplanted plant, which without it would be quite ruined by a few hours’ exposure to the sun. For shading small plants in the border, such as transplanted annuals, a few shingles will be fonnd very useful, one or two of these can be stuck in the ground so as to completely protect the delicate plant, and yet not deprive it of air. Six-inch boards of half-inch stuff nailed together, to form a V-shaped trough, are very useful in the garden; they are handy to place over small plants during cold nights, and may be turned over and set to make ascreen against strong winds, or used for shading plants in rows. Seedlings often suffer from the heat of the sun in the middle of the day ; the seedlings of even the hardiest forest trees are very delicate when young. The seeds of such trees when sown naturally almost always fall where the young plant will be shaded, and the amateur who experiments in this very interesting branch of horti- culture, the raising of evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs from seed, will find it necessary to imitate Nature and protect his young seedlings from the intense heat of thesun. There are several

Jan. 1, 1876.)

THE GARDEN.

ways of doing this; if the seeds have been sown in an open border, let him take twigs about a foot long, evergreen if they can be had, but, if not, those from any deciduous tree, and stick them a few inches apart all over the bed. This will give the seedlings very much such a protection as they would naturally have had in the shade of other plants, and though evergreens will look better for a while, the dead leaves of decidaous twigs will give quite as useful a shade. It is always safer to grow seeds ina frame, as the young plants are then under more complete control. Frames are easily shaded by means of a lattice made of common laths. Strips of inch stuff, 15 or 2 inches wide, are used for the sides of the lattice, and laths are nailed across as far apart as their own width. One lath being nailed on, another is laid on to mark the distance, the third one put down and nailed, and the second one is moved along to mark the distance for the fourth, and soon. With a screen of this kind there is abun- dant light, but the sun does not shine long at a time on one spot, and the plants have a constantly changing sun and shade. This lath screen may be used for shading plants in the open ground if supported at a proper height above them, Ina propagating-house, where it is necessary, as it often is, to shade cuttings, a lattice laid upon the outside of the glass answers a good purpose. The laths are some-

times tied together with strong twine, the cord answering the place °

of slats, and serving as a warp with which the laths are woven; the advantage of a screen of this kind is that it can be rolled up. Plants kept in windows during the sammer months will, if in a sunny exposure, require some kind of a shade, and if the one provided to keep the sun from the room shuts out to0 much light, or excludes air as well as sun, something must be pro. vided which will give protection during the heat of the day, and still allow sufficient light and an abundant circulation of air. Anyone with ingenuity can arrange a screenof white cotton cloth to answer the purpose. Theold practice of stripping the green- house in summer is falling into disuse, and by a proper selection of plants and sufficient shade, it is made as attractive thenas at any other season, but even for tropical plants the glass must be shaded. Yor a small lean-to, a screen of light canvas or muslin arranged upon the outside, so that it may be wound up on a roller when not wanted will answer, and if it be desired to keep the house as cool as pos- sible, this should be so contrived that there will be a spaco of 6 inches or so between that and the glass. But upon a large house, or one with a curvilinear roof, this is not so manageable, and the usual method is to coat the glass with some material which will obstruct a part of the light. The most common method is to give the outside of the glass a coat of ordinary lime whitewash; this makes a suffi- cient shade, and is gradually dissolved by the rains, so that by autumn the coating is removed, or so nearly so that what remains may be readily washed off. A more pleasant effect is produced by spattering the glass with the same wash, which can be done by a dexterous use of the brush, and stippling it so as to leave the wash in numerous fine drops, like rain-drops. Others use whiting and milk for tke same purpose. Whatever may be the means of effecting it, we find that in this latitude shading of some kind is required from about the 1st of May to the middle of September, by nearly all plants grown under glass. Ferns, Lycopods, Caladiums, Primulas, Fuch- sias, Begonias, Gloxinias, Achimenes, Lobelias, Smilax, and plants of that character require the glass to be heavily shaded, while Roses, Carnations, Bouvardias, Poinsettias, Geraniums of all kinds, and nearly all succulent plants, do not need so much. The method of spattering the glass outside with thin whitewash, allows the shading to be light or heavy, as required. When first done, it is spattered very thinly, merely to break the strong glare of the sun, just about thick enough to half cover the surface. As the season advances, the spattering should be repeated, to increase the shade, but at no time for the plants last-mentioned do we entirely cover the glass. In England, especially for Fern-houses, Brunswick green mixed with milk ig used, to give a green shade, which is thought to be best suited to these plants. The blue glass for greenhouses which was so highly lauded a few years ago, has not met with much favour, but recent experiments in glazing with ground glass, have given such results as to warrant a more careful investigation into the use of this material.

PAINTING GLASS-HOUSES.

Wutve lead, mixed with linseed oil, is the best paint for the wood- work of glass-houses. The wood should be thoroughly dry through- out when it is put on, for internal damp soon works out, and blisters and destroys the paint. The long dry period in summer is the best time to put it on, but the wood of new houses being erected now, should be well painted over once before it is brought out of the work- shop, and other coats should beapplied as the weather will permit. To let the wet penetrate the wood before it is painted is a sure means

of starting decay, which no after attention will remedy. Few houses are improved in appearance by being painted in a great many colours. Two are generally sufficient, and these should consist of a stone colour on the wood, and some shade of blue on the iron. The most effectively painted house I have seen lately, is a very large new one, in which the colours are a very light lemon and a French grey, the former being put on the wood, and the latter on the iron. Blue is a colour much used on iron, and sometimes along the lower edges of the rafters; it and a pearl-white look well together, but the latter should only be used in conservatories and other places where the atmosphere is quite clear. In stoves, forcing pits, and similar structures, the wood-work should be painted a dark stone colour, as the filth which soon gathers about the lower parts of these houses, is not so easily seen on this shade as ona lighter one. Tor the same reason the ontsides of all houses should be of a dark hue; near towns, stokeholes, or chimneys, the smoke soon makes the paint very black, but further than looking dirty this does no harm. The out- side generally requires painting oftener than the inside. With ordinary usage the inside need not be painted oftener than every six years, whilst the outside in most cases needs re-coating every third year. Nothing is to be gained by letting the wood become bare of paint; in fact, avoiding this is the only way to make the wood last. In old- fashioned houses where the principal supports are veritable logs of timber, it is perhaps not so rapidly followed with decay and down- fall, but the durability and preservation of light framed wooden

“structures, can only be ensured by keep them constantly well painted.

J. Mun.

VITALITY OF SEEDS.

ALTHOUGH there is no doubt that the seeds of many plants retain theiz vegetative powers for a long period under certain conditions, absolute proof is still wanting to confirm the supposed germination of grains of Wheat, &c., taken from Egyptian mummy-cases and other sources. Carefully-conducted experiments by scientific men of different countries have furnished little beyond negative results. We ourselves have tried in vain to raise various seeds, ranging from fifteen to twenty-five years old, which had been more or less exposed to atmospherical influences—that is to say, they were kept in paper bags. Buried in the soil to a certain depth, it seems quite possible that some seeds would retain their vitality for an indefinate number of years. This isso far true that in some districts where the arable land has been very much infested with the Charlock, and the farmer has succeeded in nearly exterminating it, he is very careful not to plough deeper than usual, which invariably brings a quantity of fresh seed within germinating distance of the surface of the soil, and is the cause of weed increasing and spreading again with renewed vigour. Having similar facts in view, Dr. H. Hoffmann has been experimenting with soil taken from the diluvial beds of the Rhine districts. We should mention, too, that he hoped to obtain some interesting results affecting the transmutation theory, and some explanation of the peculiar distribution of certain plants found in the Middle Rhine district. The results he has published in the ‘‘ Botanische Zeitung ” (Nos. 42 and 43, 1875). For the purposes of the experiments, about three-quarters of a hundredweight of the Loss soil was taken out ata depth of 12 feet below the surface, when the earth was being levelled for the railway station at Monsheim, near Worms. A newly- broken spot was selected, and the tools previously cleaned with well- water. In fact, every conceivable precaution was taken throughout the experiment to prevent the intrusion of foreign seeds or spores. Notwithstanding all this care, various common Mosses, Ferns, and flowering plants sprang up in the pots, which were closely covered with bell-glasses. It is noteworthy, too, that all the species that sprang up in this way were common either in the greenhouse or its immediate vicinity, and not in the locality whence the soil was pro- cured. A similar set of experiments was instituted with white tertiary sand, and the result was the same. And the experiment with Loss soil was repeatedagain. In this instance the only plant that could possibly have sprung from a seed in the long buried soil was Festuca pratensis, but this was a delicate plant, probably from a very small light seed, that might have been conveyed by the air. It will thus be seen that all these experiments gave results of a negative character. But the author has put them on record, and wisely, we think, to show the difficulties in the way of obtaining satisfactory proof in experiments of this nature. Altogether they go to strengthen the view that “Egyptian mummy Wheat” was accidentally introduced with the actual grain taken from the cases.— “« Academy.”

Early Mention of Guano.—The earliest mention of guano is said to be by Ulloa in his work on Peru, published after his return from that country in 1745. The next known mention of it is by Humboldt. You may be interested, therefore, in publishing the following extract from a